Caracterização estrutural do Lineamento de Piúma e sua influência na porção norte da Bacia de Campos

The detailed study of the Brazilian continental margin basins became possible with the advancement of geophysical tools, with emphasis on seismic reflection. Characterizing the structural and stratigraphic elements of Brazil’s marginal basins they realized that there was a relationship with structures present on the adjacent continental basement. So many works began to be made to understand this relationship and know the major factors that influenced the evolution of the continental margin. The study area of this work includes the northern portion of the Campos Basin and the continental outcropping adjacent areas, which corresponds to the northern of Rio de Janeiro state and the southern of Espirito Santo state. This area stands an important structural feature of NW-SE direction with a projection to the Campos Basin called Lineamento de Piúma. The outcropping basement rocks belongs to the Ribeira Belt which was bonded to other mobile bands forming the continent Western Gondwana during the Brasiliano Cycle, which later fragmented giving rise to the Atlantic Ocean. The opening of the ocean results on the formation of the marginal basins of Brazil. These basins have continental, transitional and marine facies. On Campos Basin the continental phase resulted on the formation of horsts and grabens bounded by synthetic and antithetic faults. Continuing rifting formed the saline lakes that deposited siliciclastic and carbonate sediments. The transitional phase resulted on thick packages consist of evaporites (halite and anhydrite) that was deposited in lagoon environment, tectonically quiet arid and semi-arid. The marine phase it deposited siliciclastic and carbonate in the Campos Basin resulting in shales, marls, limestones, ritmito, turbidites, sandstones and others. The objective of this study is to investigate the possible continuation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Assessing the relationship between obesity and type II diabetes among South Asian Indians in Houston A population based study

Objective: My study aimed at determining the association between obesity and diabetes prevalence in South Asian Indian immigrants in Houston, Texas. To also compare the prevalence odds of diabetes given obesity, using WHO-BMI criteria and recommended Asian ethnic-specific BMI criteria for obesity, as well as using WHO-standard waist circumference criteria and ethnic-specific criteria for abdominal obesity, across gender and age, in this population. ^ Methods: My study was a secondary data analysis based on a cross-sectional study carried out on adult South Asian Indians who attended a local community health fair in Houston, in 2007. They recruited 213 voluntary, eligible, South Asian Indian participants aged between 18 to 79 years. Self reported history of Diabetes was obtained and height, weight, waist and hip circumference were measured. I classified BMI based on WHO-standard and ethnic-specific criteria, according to gender and age groups of 18–35 years, 36–64 years and 65 years and over. Waist circumference was also classified based on WHO-standard NCEP criteria and currently recommended ethnic-specific IDF criteria and analysis was done stratifying by gender and age groups. ^ Results: The prevalence of diabetes in this population was 14.6%, significantly higher in older age groups (25.8%) and males (19.2%). The prevalence of DM was statistically similar in individuals who were overweight/obese compared to those not overweight/obese, however in overweight/obese individuals, there was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of DM between WHO and ethnic-specific criteria for both BMI and waist circumference. In older adults and in males, ethnic-specific criteria identified significantly more as overweight/obese compared to WHO-standard criteria. ^ Conclusions: Ethnic-specific criteria for both BMI and waist circumference give a better estimate for obesity in this South Asian Indian population. Diabetes is highly prevalent in migrant South Asian Indians even at low BMI or waist circumference levels and significantly more in males and older age groups, hence adequate awareness should be created for early prevention and intervention.^

Housing the Rangoon poor : Indians, Burmese, and town planning in colonial Burma

In Rangoon/Yangon, the ex-capital city of Burma/Myanmar, there still remain many old buildings today. Those buildings were constructed in the British colonial period, especially from the 1900s to the 1930s, and formed Rangoon's built environment as something modern. In focusing on the period before and after the inauguration of the Rangoon Development Trust in 1921, this paper describes how the colonial administrative authorities perceived urban problems and how their policy and practice affected urban society. It also suggests the possibility that competition for habitation among the lower strata of Rangoon society was a cause of the serious urban riot in 1930.

An epidemic of tuberculosis with a high rate of tuberculin anergy among a population previously unexposed to tuberculosis, the Yanomami Indians of the Brazilian Amazon

A survey of an emerging tuberculosis epidemic among the Yanomami Indians of the Amazonian rain forest provided a unique opportunity to study the impact of tuberculosis on a population isolated from contact with the tubercle bacillus for millennia until the mid-1960s. Within the Yanomami population, an extraordinary high prevalence of active tuberculosis (6.4% of 625 individuals clinically examined) was observed, indicating a high susceptibility to disease, even among bacille Calmette–Guérin-vaccinated individuals. Observational studies on cell-mediated and humoral immune responses of the Yanomami Indians compared with contemporary residents of the region suggest profound differences in immunological responsiveness to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Among the Yanomami, a very high prevalence of tuberculin skin test anergy was found. Of patients with active tuberculosis, 46% had purified protein derivative of tuberculosis reactions <10 mm; similarly 58% of recent bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccines exhibited skin test reactions <5 mm. The Yanomami also had higher titers of antibodies against M. tuberculosis glycolipid antigens (>70%) than the control subjects comprised of Brazilians of European descent (14%). The antibodies were mostly of the IgM isotype. Among the tuberculosis patients who also produced IgG antibodies, the titers of IgG4 were significantly higher among the Yanomami than in the control population. Although it was not possible to analyze T-cell responses or patterns of lymphokine production in vitro because of the remoteness of the villages from laboratory facilities, the results suggest that the first encounter of the Yanomami Indian population with tuberculosis engenders a diminished cell-mediated immune response and an increased production antibody responses, relative to other populations with extensive previous contact with the pathogen. These findings suggest that tuberculosis may represent a powerful selective pressure on human evolution that over centuries has shaped the nature of human immune responses to infection.

E. W. Nelson's notes on the Indians of the Yukon and Innoko Rivers, Alaska / edited, with an introd. by James W. VanStone, Curator, North American Archaeology and Ethnology, Field Museum of Natural History.

v.70(1978)

Material culture of the Blackfoot (Blood) Indians of southern Alberta / James W. VanStone.

n.s. no.19(1992)