Multi-objective optimization of satellite image registration using discrete Pparticle swarm optimisation

A new multi-sensor image registration technique is proposed based on detecting the feature corner points using modified Harris Corner Detector (HDC). These feature points are matched using multi-objective optimization (distance condition and angle criterion) based on Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO). This optimization process is more efficient as it considers both the distance and angle criteria to incorporate multi-objective switching in the fitness function. This optimization process helps in picking up three corresponding corner points detected in the sensed and base image and thereby using the affine transformation, the sensed image is aligned with the base image. Further, the results show that the new approach can provide a new dimension in solving multi-sensor image registration problems. From the obtained results, the performance of image registration is evaluated and is concluded that the proposed approach is efficient.

Processing of EEG Signals for Study of Coupling in Brain Regions for Eyes Open and Eyes Closed Conditions

This paper deals with processing the EEG signals obtained from 16 spatially arranged electrodes to measure coupling or synchrony between the frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes of the cerebrum under the eyes open and eyes closed conditions. This synchrony was measured using magnitude squared coherence, Short Time Fourier Transform and wavelet based coherences. We found a pattern in the time-frequency coherence as we moved from the nasion to the inion of the subject's head. The coherence pattern obtained from the wavelet approach was found to be far more capable of picking up peaks in coherence with respect to frequency when compared to the regular Fourier based coherence. We detected high synchrony between frontal polar electrodes that is missing in coherence plots between other electrode pairs. The study has potential applications in healthcare.

Randomness-efficient curve sampling

Curve samplers are sampling algorithms that proceed by viewing the domain as a vector space over a finite field, and randomly picking a low-degree curve in it as the sample. Curve samplers exhibit a nice property besides the sampling property: the restriction of low-degree polynomials over the domain to the sampled curve is still low-degree. This property is often used in combination with the sampling property and has found many applications, including PCP constructions, local decoding of codes, and algebraic PRG constructions.

The randomness complexity of curve samplers is a crucial parameter for its applications. It is known that (non-explicit) curve samplers using O(log N + log(1/δ)) random bits exist, where N is the domain size and δ is the confidence error. The question of explicitly constructing randomness-efficient curve samplers was first raised in [TU06] where they obtained curve samplers with near-optimal randomness complexity.

In this thesis, we present an explicit construction of low-degree curve samplers with optimal randomness complexity (up to a constant factor) that sample curves of degree (m log_q(1/δ))^O(1) in F_q^m. Our construction is a delicate combination of several components, including extractor machinery, limited independence, iterated sampling, and list-recoverable codes.

Comparison of echogram measurements against data expectations and assumptions for distinguishing seafloor substrates

Defining types of seafloor substrate and relating them to the distribution of fish and invertebrates is an important but difficult goal. An examination of the processing steps of a commercial acoustics analyzing software program, as well as the data values produced by the proprietary first echo measurements, revealed potential benef its and drawbacks for distinguishing acoustically distinct seafloor substrates. The positive aspects were convenient processing steps such as gain adjustment, accurate bottom picking, ease of bad data exclusion, and the ability to average across successive pings in order to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. A noteworthy drawback with the processing was the potential for accidental inclusion of a second echo as if it were part of the first echo. Detailed examination of the echogram measurements quantified the amount of collinearity, revealed the lack of standardization (subtraction of mean, division by standard deviation) before principal components analysis (PCA), and showed correlations of individual echogram measurements with depth and seafloor slope. Despite the facility of the software, these previously unknown processing pitfalls and echogram measurement characteristics may have created data artifacts that generated user-derived substrate classifications, rather than actual seafloor substrate types.

The Bay Scallop, Argopecten irradians, Massachusetts Through North Carolina: Its Biology and the History of Its Habitats and Fisheries

This article covers the biology and the history of the bay scallop habitats and fishery from Massachusetts to North Carolina. The scallop species that ranges from Massachusetts to New York is Argopecten irradians irradians. In New Jersey, this species grades into A. i. concentricus, which then ranges from Maryland though North Carolina. Bay scallops inhabit broad, shallow bays usually containing eelgrass meadows, an important component in their habitat. Eelgrass appears to be a factor in the production of scallop larvae and also the protection of juveniles, especially, from predation. Bay scallops spawn during the warm months and live for 18–30 months. Only two generations of scallops are present at any time. The abundances of each vary widely among bays and years. Scallops were harvested along with other mollusks on a small scale by Native Americans. During most of the 1800’s, people of European descent gathered them at wading depths or from beaches where storms had washed them ashore. Scallop shells were also and continue to be commonly used in ornaments. Some fishing for bay scallops began in the 1850’s and 1860’s, when the A-frame dredge became available and markets were being developed for the large, white, tasty scallop adductor muscles, and by the 1870’s commercial-scale fishing was underway. This has always been a cold-season fishery: scallops achieve full size by late fall, and the eyes or hearts (adductor muscles) remain preserved in the cold weather while enroute by trains and trucks to city markets. The first boats used were sailing catboats and sloops in New England and New York. To a lesser extent, scallops probably were also harvested by using push nets, picking them up with scoop nets, and anchor-roading. In the 1910’s and 1920’s, the sails on catboats were replaced with gasoline engines. By the mid 1940’s, outboard motors became more available and with them the numbers of fishermen increased. The increases consisted of parttimers who took leaves of 2–4 weeks from their regular jobs to earn extra money. In the years when scallops were abundant on local beds, the fishery employed as many as 10–50% of the towns’ workforces for a month or two. As scallops are a higher-priced commodity, the fishery could bring a substantial amount of money into the local economies. Massachusetts was the leading state in scallop landings. In the early 1980’s, its annual landings averaged about 190,000 bu/yr, while New York and North Carolina each landed about 45,000 bu/yr. Landings in the other states in earlier years were much smaller than in these three states. Bay scallop landings from Massachusetts to New York have fallen sharply since 1985, when a picoplankton, termed “brown tide,” bloomed densely and killed most scallops as well as extensive meadows of eelgrass. The landings have remained low, large meadows of eelgrass have declined in size, apparently the species of phytoplankton the scallops use as food has changed in composition and in seasonal abundance, and the abundances of predators have increased. The North Carolina landings have fallen since cownose rays, Rhinoptera bonsais, became abundant and consumed most scallops every year before the fishermen could harvest them. The only areas where the scallop fishery remains consistently viable, though smaller by 60–70%, are Martha’s Vineyard, Nantucket, Mass., and inside the coastal inlets in southwestern Long Island, N.Y.

Carboxilesterase como biomarcador de hipoxia em peixes

Quando as esterases acetilcolinesterase (AChE), butirilcolinesterase (BChE) e carboxilesterase (CarbE) hidrolisam ésteres de fosfato seus sítios ativos sofrem fosfatação inibitória. Por isto, tal fosfatação pode proteger seres vivos contra o espalhamento de xenobióticos organofosforados dentro de seus corpos, já que estas enzimas têm a capacidade de captar moléculas de pesticidas organofosforados estequiometricamente. Os organismos terrestres vivem em um ambiente com mais oxigênio do que os organismos aquáticos. Na água, quando o nível de oxigênio atinge aproximadamente 2,6 mg/L o ambiente está em hipoxia. Este fenômeno afeta ecossistemas aquáticos, uma vez que muitos organismos não conseguem se adaptar à baixa do oxigênio. Estudamos peixes em hipoxia e hiperoxia para entender melhor a bioquímica do funcionamento de suas enzimas captadoras de organofosforados quando eles estão expostos às variações físico-químicas de seus habitats. Dois grupos de no mínimo seis pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus), seis peixes dourados (Carassius auratus auratus), seis tilápias (Oreochromis niloticus niloticus), seis piavussus (Leporinus macrocephalus), seis apaiaris (Astronotus ocellatus), ou seis carpas (Cyprinus carpio carpio) foram aclimatados à temperatura ambiente em dois aquários de 250 L. No primeiro aquário, pelo menos três animais ensaio de cada espécie sofreram hipoxia por diminuição da concentração de oxigênio até 0,5 mg/L através de borbulhamento de nitrogênio na água. Quando estes animais atingiram a hipoxia foram mantidos a 0,5 mg/L de oxigênio por 6, 8, 24 ou, no máximo, por 42 horas. Três peixes controle de cada espécie foram mantidos em normoxia (4,5 até 7,0 mg/L de oxigênio). Após estes tempos houve a retirada de cerca de 3,5 mL de sangue e dos fígados. Depois de coagular, o sangue foi centrifugado para retirada do soro sobrenadante, que foi usado como amostra para ensaios das esterases. Os fígados foram armazenados em freezer a -70 C e, no momento do ensaio, homogeneizados e centrifugados para obter as frações citosólica e microssomal. As atividades das esterases foram ensaiadas em espectrofotômetro com os substratos acetiltiocolina, butiriltiocolina ou p-nitrofenilacetato. As atividades sobre p-nitrofenilacetato (CarbE) do soro e do fígado sofreram queda em todos os exemplares das espécies submetidos à hipoxia. Tipicamente, esta atividade caiu cerca de 50% nos soros de pacus mantidos por 42 h sob concentrações de oxigênio abaixo de 1,0 mg/L. O tempo para que ocorresse a queda desta atividade enzimática variou de espécie para espécie.

Learning optimal adaptation strategies in unpredictable motor tasks.

Picking up an empty milk carton that we believe to be full is a familiar example of adaptive control, because the adaptation process of estimating the carton's weight must proceed simultaneously with the control process of moving the carton to a desired location. Here we show that the motor system initially generates highly variable behavior in such unpredictable tasks but eventually converges to stereotyped patterns of adaptive responses predicted by a simple optimality principle. These results suggest that adaptation can become specifically tuned to identify task-specific parameters in an optimal manner.

Study on fishing gears, species selectivity toward gears and catch composition of BSKB beel, Khulna, Bangladesh

An investigation on the types of fishing gear used and their species selectivity and effects on fishes of BSKB beel in Khulna was conducted from June '95 to January '96. Fishermen were found to follow 6 fishing techniques viz., netting, trapping, angling, spearing, dewatering and hand picking. Among them 23 types of the fishing gear was recorded to be used by the fishermen of which 7, 8, 4 and 4 are nets, traps, hooks and lines, and hand harpoon respectively. A total of 47 species of fish were identified in the catches of different gears used by the fishermen in BSKB beel. Particulars, mode of operation, fishing season and catch composition of different fishing gears were determined. Seine, cast and lift net, traps (charo, arinda and ghuni), and hooks and lines (dhawn and nol broshi) were recorded as nonselective gear considering the fish species caught. However, gill nets (punti, koi and fash jal), clasp nets (bhuti jal), some traps (khadom, tubo), hooks and lines (chip borshi, chasra) and all spears were used as more or less selective gear. With respect to species and its size fash jal, bhuti jal, trap (khadom, ramani), and koach, juti and jhupi among spears were regarded to be more or less large-species-gear. But punti jal, koi jal, trap (koi dughair, charo, tubo, arinda and ghuni), nol borshi and spear (ful-kuchi) were small-species-gear. Among all gears seine net, cast net, lift net, koi dughair and ramani were recorded deleterious for carps especially for stocked fingerlings. For relatively small sized wild fishes koi jal, punti jal and ghuni traps were identified as detrimental gear.

National Agricultural Research Organisation. Fisheries Resources Research Institute Annual Report 2002/2003

One of the avenues through which the Government objective of poverty eradication in Uganda can be achieved is Fisheries development and management. Up to 20% of Uganda’s surface area is covered by aquatic systems i.e. lakes, rivers, streams and swamps and to a large extent, all these are interconnected. The large lakes: Victoria, Albert, Kyoga, George and Edward are sites of the more important commercial fisheries, but even the smaller water bodies, rivers (e.g. the Rivers Nile and Kagera) and the surrounding swamps provide sources of livelihood to rural areas. Fish is an important source of high quality food, employment revenue and is currently the second most important export commodity next to coffee generating approximately US $ 80 million annually. Fish exports to regional markets are worth at least US $ 20 million annually. Fish flesh is rich in proteins, which are superior to those of beef and poultry. Fish flesh contains an anticholesterol which assists in reducing heart diseases. Some fishes are of medicinal value e.g. haplochromines (Nkejje) are used to treat measles. Most of the fish in Uganda is got from lakes Victoria, Kyoga, Albert and Albert Nile, Edward and George production systems as well as from the 160 minor lakes and rivers and the associated wetland systems. Capture fisheries based in these systems contribute up to 99% of the fish production in Uganda but aquaculture is also picking up. The fishing industry employs up to one million Ugandans

National Agricultural Research Organisation. Fisheries Resources Research Institute Annual Report 2003/2004

About 18% of Uganda’s surface area is covered with water from which 300,000 metric tonnes of fish are produced. Fish are currently the second most important export commodity generating approximately US$100 million. Fish provides 50% of protein diet for the 20 million people translating into per capita consumption of 12 kg. Close to the production system, this figure rises to 50 – 100 kg. It is estimated that fishery-related activities employ at least one million people countrywide (i.e. 5% of the population). Fish is an important source of high quality food, employment, and revenue and it is currently the second most important export commodity next to coffee generating approximately US $ 80 million annually. Fish exports to regional markets are worth at least US $ 20 million annually. Fish flesh is rich in proteins, which are superior to those of beef and poultry. Fish flesh contains an anticholesterol which assists in reducing heart diseases. Some fishes are of medicinal value e.g. haplochromines (Nkejje) are used to treat measles. Most of the fish in Uganda is got from lakes Victoria, Kyoga, Albert and Albert Nile, Edward and George production systems as well as from the 160 minor lakes and rivers and the associated wetland systems. Capture fisheries based in these systems contribute up to 99% of the fish production in Uganda but aquaculture is also picking up. The fishing industry employs up to one million Ugandans.

National Agricultural Research Organisation. Fisheries Resources Research Institute Annual Report 2004/2005

About 18% of Uganda’s surface area is covered with water from which about 300,000 metric tonnes of fish are produced. Fish are currently the second most important export commodity generating approximately US$100 million annually. Fish provides 50% of protein diet for the 20 million people translating into per capita consumption of 12 kg. Close to the production system, this figure rises to 50 – 100 kg. It is estimated that fishery-related activities employ at least one million people countrywide (i.e. 5% of the population). Fish exports to regional markets are worth at least US $ 20 million annually. Fish flesh contains an anticholesterol which assists in reducing heart diseases. Some fishes are of medicinal value e.g. haplochromines (Nkejje) are used to treat measles. Most of the fish in Uganda is got from lakes Victoria, Kyoga, Albert and Albert Nile, Edward and George production systems as well as from the 160 minor lakes and rivers and the associated wetland systems. Capture fisheries based in these systems contribute up to 99% of the fish production in Uganda but aquaculture is also picking up. The fishing industry employs up to one million Ugandans

A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF LESIONS OF AREA-7 OF THE PARIETAL CORTEX ON THE SHORT-TERM VISUAL SPATIAL MEMORY OF RHESUS-MONKEYS (MACACA-MULATTA)

This research is focused on the contribution of area 7 to the short-term visual spatial memory. Three rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were trained in the direct delayed response task in which 5 delay intervals were used in each session. When each monkey reached the criterion of 90% correct responses in 5 successive sessions, two monkeys underwent a surgery while the other one received a sham operation as a control. In the first stage of the surgery, bilateral areas 7a, 7b and 7ip of the parietal cortex of two monkeys were precisely lesioned. After 7 days of recuperation, the monkeys were required to do the same task. The average percentage of correct responses in the lesioned animals decreased from 94.7% to 89.3% and 93.3% to 82.0% respectively (no significance, P > 0.05, n = 2). In addition, the monkeys' complex movements were mildly impaired. The lesioned monkeys were found to have difficulty picking up food from the wells. In the second stage, bilateral area 7m was lesioned. In the 5 postoperative sessions, the average percentage of correct responses in one monkey, with a relatively precise 7m lesion, decreased from 94.7% to 92.2% (no significance, P > 0.05), while the other monkey, with widely spread necrosis of lateral parietal cortex, showed an. obvious decline in performance, but still over the chance level. After 240 trials this monkey reattained the normal criterion. The results of this research suggest that the lesions of area 7 of the parietal cortex did not significantly affect the short-term visual spatial memory, which has been shown to be sensitive to lesions of the prefrontal cortex; they also support the notion of dissociation of spatial functions in the prefrontal and parietal cortices.

松果采摘对长白山自然保护区红松林健康的影响

近几年，松果采摘对红松林的健康构成了极大的威胁。本文在野外调查研究的基础上，结合史料分析研究了松果采摘对红松地面种源贮藏量分布状况、红松林主要乔木树种组成和幼苗幼树更新等的影响，通过与20世纪70年代相应数据对比，结合红松更新过程与动物的关系，分析了松果采摘对红松林生态系统健康的影响。研究结果表明：（1）松果采摘后，红松林地面红松种子数量少，大部分是废种子，且主要呈单粒状分布，地面红松种子贮藏量1582-2640粒/hm2，仅为70年代的0.3-0.5％，废种子比值大于67.8％，单粒状占总簇数的46.8-77.1％。（2）“采摘掠青”对种子质量具有显著影响，9月15日与8月20日采摘的松果相比，种子千粒重增加了69％，种仁重增加了30.3％，出仁率增加了2.7％，球果鲜重减少了20.0％，种子重增加了21.3％，出种率增加了51.7％。（3）与红松林中其他主要更新树种相比，采摘使红松更新不良，红松幼苗数量大大减少，减少幅度达49.5-95.0％。（4）破坏了红松天然更新规律，2000年是结实年，但2002年并没有出现更新年。（5）林分中红松小径级植株占比值很小，而大径级比值大，呈生长下降性种群；而其它主要伴生树种与此相反，呈生长增长性种群。（6）以松籽为主要食物来源的动物食物链遭到破坏，红松林生物群落结构发生变化。在此分析基础上，提出了以松果采摘为例的长白山自然保护区健康管理策略，以期为保护区管理提供科学依据。

松果采摘对长白山阔叶红松林生态系统健康的影响

This paper illustrated the relationships between P. koraiensis and animal,and discussed the effect of cones picking on quantity and structure of animal, P. koraiensis regeneration,biomass,services,structure and succession,and nutrient cycle of the ecosystem.It showed that cones picking has damaged the integrity and function of ecosystem health in term of the concepts and characteristics of ecosystem health.The paper was aiming at the strategies to resolve the relationships between cones picking and ecosystem health maintaining in order to give scientific foundations for protection and management of broad-leaved P.koraiensis forest in Changbai Mountain.

基于CAN总线的物流拣选设备的设计

简要介绍了物流的发展现状 ,详细描述了基于CAN总线的物流拣选系统的结构、供电方式和参数设定方法 ,并为系统硬件设计中的电源转换、总线驱动和地址译码等公共电路以及总线控制器、电子标签和指示灯控制器等主要设备提供了设计方案 ,为系统软件设计中的C5 1编译、通信协议、命令类型和程序控制规划等问题给出了相应的解决方法 ,还与进口同类产品的性能和价格进行了比较