843 resultados para Physical activities


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Objetivo: Estudar os níveis de atividade física e a aptidão física funcional de pessoas idosas com défice cognitivo. Pretendemos também estudar a velocidade de processamento da informação deste grupo de pessoas. Método: Participaram no estudo 81 pessoas idosas (82.9  7.8 anos ) institucionalizadas, de ambos os sexos, sendo que 53 pessoas tinham défice cognitivo. Os dados da atividade física foram recolhidos através da acelerometria onde foi pedido a cada participante que usasse o aparelho durante 500 minutos diários, no mínimo 3 dias. Para avaliação da atividade física funcional foi utilizado a Berg Balance Scale, o Functional Reach Test e alguns testes do Senior Fitness Test. Foi ainda avaliado o tempo de reação simples. Resultados: Os participantes não cumprem com as recomendações diárias de atividade física e apresentam um comportamento sedentário muito elevado. As pessoas idosas sem défice cognitivo apresentam melhor velocidade de processamento da informação e melhores níveis de aptidão física funcional. A maioria das variáveis da aptidão física funcional correlaciona-se positivamente com a quantidade de atividade física realizada. Conclusões: Os níveis de atividade física e de aptidão física funcional, bem como a velocidade de processamento da informação são bastante baixos nas pessoas institucionalizadas com défice cognitivo; Physical activity and functional fitness in older adults with mild cognitive impairment Abstract: Objective: Study the physical activities levels and functional fitness in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. We also intend to study the processing speed from this group. Method: Eighty two nursing home residents (82.9  7.8 years), both genders, have participated in this study. Fifty three older adults had mild cognitive impairment. The data about physical activity were collected through accelerometer where it was established that each participant would have to use at least 500 minutes a day the unit for at least 3 days. Functional fitness was evaluated by Berg Balance Scale, Functional Reach Test and some test of Senior Fitness Test. It was further evaluated simple reaction time Results: The sample of this study doesn’t accomplish the recommended standars for physical activity and they have a very high sedentary behavior. Older adults without mild cognitve impariment showed to have better results ininformation processing speed and functional fitness. Most variables of functional fitness is related positively with the amount of physical activity performed. Conclusions: The functional fitness, physical activity levels and information processing speed are too low in all nursing home residente with mild cognitive impairment.

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Dissertação de natureza científica realizada para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia de redes de comunicação e Multimédia

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Fitness centres are special places where conditions for microbiological proliferation should be considered. Moisture due to human perspiration and water condensation as a result of human physical activities are prevalent in this type of buildings. Exposure to microbial contaminants is clinically associated with respiratory disorders and people who work out in polluted environments would be susceptible to contaminants. This work studied the indoor air contamination in three gymnasiums in Lisbon. The sampling was performed at two periods: at the opening (morning) and closing (night) of the three gymnasiums. The airborne bacterial and fungal populations were sampled by impaction directly onto Tryptic Soy Agar (for bacteria) and Malt Extract Agar (for fungi) plates, using a Merck MAS-100 air sampler. Higher bacterial concentrations were found at night as compared to the morning but the same behaviour was not found for fungal concentrations. Gram-negative catalase positive cocci were the dominant bacteria in indoor air samples of the studied gymnasiums. In this study, 21 genera/species of fungal colonies were identified. Chrysosporium sp., Chrysonilia sp., Neoscytalidium hialinum, Sepedonium sp. and Penicillium sp. were the most prevalent species identified in the morning, while Cladosporium sp., Penicillium sp., Chrysosporium sp., Acremonium sp. and Chrysonilia sp. were more prevalent at night. A well-designed sanitation and maintenance program for gymnasiums is needed to ensure healthier space for indoor physical activity.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o padrão de participação em atividades de lazer, formais e informais, de crianças e jovens com e sem incapacidade nos seus contextos imediatos – em casa, “fora de casa”, e na escola. Usamos uma adaptação do instrumento CAPE - Children’s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment e CAP - Preferences for Activities of Children, originalmente desenvolvido no Canadá por King e seus colaboradores (2004). Participaram neste estudo 56 alunos – 19 com incapacidades e 37 sem incapacidades – de dez turmas dos três ciclos de educação básica com idades compreendidas entre os 7 e 16 anos de idade. Os resultados deste estudo revelaram que, ao nível da diversidade, apenas no contexto “fora de casa” existem diferenças significativas, isto é, as crianças/jovens com incapacidade participam em menos atividades – no total, em atividades formais, em atividades físicas e de autoaperfeiçoamento. Também se verificou existência de diferenças no padrão de participação ao nível da intensidade, com as crianças e jovens com incapacidades a reportarem uma participação mais limitada mas maiores índices nos contextos em casa e na escola. No contexto “escola”, os alunos com incapacidades participam em atividades com significativa menor dimensão social. No entanto, em relação ao nível de satisfação, verificámos que não existem diferenças. No que diz respeito à dimensão preferência verificamos que está positivamente relacionada com o padrão de participação. A consideração de outras características pessoais como a idade e o sexo poderá enriquecer este estudo, bem como a aplicação deste estudo a amostras mais representativas.

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The physical-activity and sporting at the child and the teenager is probably, in these years 2000, in full change. In a paradoxical way, extremely sporting children or teenagers are living beside extremely sedentary school-boys, neglecting the majority of the physical-activities and preferring a home-lifestyle. In the evaluation of overload sporting lesion of at teenager, it is thus imperative to take into account not only the individual characteristics of the child: its sex, its age, its stage of growth, its psychology, the presence or not of preexistent pathologies or anatomical disorders. It is naturally necessary to wonder about the training methods of the activity, but it appears fundamental to me to evaluate the child from a sensitivo-motor point of view and this can be carried out by assessments physio-therapeutic or aptitude tests carried out by doctors of the sport.

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The question of the social usages of culture and its links with social groups continues to be a topic of discussion today. The aim of this article is to contribute to the debate by examining coherence in the choice of physical activities and sports. The study focuses on the upper social groups, questioning, from a macro-sociological standpoint, their possible omnivority and their dissonance of choice with regard to these activities. Based on a quantitative survey of the sports participated in by the French, the study shows that omnivority and massification of activities are major phenomena. However, the upper social groups in France remain distinguishable both in terms of their "high level of omnivority" and their choice of distinctive activities. Dissonance is another of their characteristics but to a lesser extent.

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ABSTRACT Background: Previous studies have implied that weight-bearing, intense and prolonged physical activities optimize bone accretion during the grow^ing years. The majority of past inquiries have used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to examine bone strength and hand-wrist radiography to determine skeletal maturity in children. Recently, quantitative ultrasound (QUS) technologies have been developed to examine bone properties and skeletal maturity in a safe, noninvasive and cost-effective manner. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare bone properties and skeletal maturity in competitive male child and adolescent athletes with minimallyactive, age-matched controls, using QUS technology. >. Methods: In total, 224 males were included in the study. The 115 pre-pubertal boys aged 10-12 years consisted of control, minimally-active children (n=34), soccer players (n=26), gymnasts (n=25) and hockey players (n=30). In addition, the 109 late-pubertal boys aged 14-16 years consisted of control, minimally-active adolescents (n=31), soccer players (n=30), gymnasts (n=17) and hockey players (n=31). The athletic groups were elite level players that predominantly trained year-round. Physical activity, nutrition and sports participation were assessed with various questionnaires. Anthropometries, such as height, weight and relative body fat percentage (BF%) were assessed using standard measures. Skeletal strength and age were evaluated using bone QUS. Lastly, salivary testosterone (sT) concentration was measured using Radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results: Within each age group, there were no significant differences between the activity groups in age and pubertal stage. An age effect was apparent in all variables, as expected. A sport effect was noted in all physical characteristics: the child and adolescent gymnasts were shorter and lighter than other sports groups. Adiposity was greater in the controls and in the hockey players. All child subjects were pubertal stage (fanner) I or II, while adolescent subjects were pubertal stage IV or V. There were no differences in daily energy and mineral intakes between sports groups. In both age groups, gymnasts had a higher training volume than other athletic groups. Bone speed of sound (50s) was higher in adolescents compared with the children. Gymnasts had signifieantly higher radial 50S than controls, hockey and soccer players in both age cohorts. Hockey athletes also had higher radial 50S than controls and soccer players in the child and adolescent groups, respectiyely. Child gymnasts and soccer players had greater tibial 50S compared with the hockey players and control groups. Likewise, adolescent gymnasts and soccer players had higher tibial SoS compared with the control group. No interaction was apparent between age and type of activity in any of the bone measures. » Lastly, maturity as assessed by sT and secondary sex characteristics (Tanner stage) was not different between sports group within each age group. Despite the similarity in chronological age, androgen levels and sexual maturity, differences between activity groups were noted in skeletal maturity. In the younger group, hockey players had the highest bone age while the soccer players had the lowest bone age. In the adolescent group, gymnasts and hockey players were characterized by higher skeletal maturity compared with controls. An interaction between the age and sport type effects was apparent in skeletal maturity, reflecting the fact that among the children, the soccer players were significantly less mature than the rest of the groups, while in the adolescents, the controls were the least skeletally mature. Summary and Conclusions: In summary, radial and tibial SOS are enhanced by the unique loading pattern in each sport (i.e, upper and lower extremities in gymnastics, lower extremities in soccer), with no cumulative effect between childhood and adolescence. That is, the effect of sport participation on bone SOS was apparent already among the young athletes. Enhanced bone properties among athletes of specific sports suggest that participation in these sports can improve bone strength and potential bone health.

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This study examined anatomical and physiological connections between brain and body in relation to academic, physical, social, emotional, and behavioural benefits of physical activity in elementary schools. A handbook titled The Evolving Mind-Body Alliance: Physical Activities Incorporated Into the Ontario Science Curriculum—A Handbook for Educators, Schools, and School Boards was developed based on evidence that physical activity can benefit students academically, physically, and emotionally. Handbook activities were created for implementation into science lessons, with direct connections to the Ontario Science Curriculum (OSC), based on curriculum expectation goals and vision for science, including a majority of experiential learning and application knowledge, and because of students’ difficulty relating to science’s abstract concepts and terms. A review of literature about brain-body connection and benefits of movement in the classroom revealed that the defining features of the handbook should be (a) incorporation of physical activities that directly relate to the OSC, (b) require minimal resources to implement, and (c) provide a direct link to the OSC. Needs assessments were performed to gather the data from professionals in the field on the OSC and on the mandated daily physical activity. The handbook was reviewed by 3 teaching professionals in order to claim face validity of the document. The results of the project indicate that the handbook which was produced meets its goals of creating a product that is easy to use, practical, and effective for both educators and children in promoting the awareness of the brain-body connection and importance of learning through movement.

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Contexte : L’activité physique est une composante centrale du développement physique, psychologique et social de l'enfant, particulièrement au sein d'une société où l'impact de la sédentarité et de l'obésité devient de plus en plus important. Cependant, les trajectoires d’activité physique hors école et leurs déterminants sont peu étudiés et les connaissances sur ce sujet sont limitées. Il est également notoire que les types d’activité physique sont rarement pris en considération. Objectif : Ce mémoire a pour but (a) de déterminer les trajectoires de pratique d’activité physique au cours du développement des enfants (b) de valider l’association entre l’activité physique supervisée et l’activité non supervisée et (c) d’identifier les déterminants au niveau du quartier, de la famille et des caractéristiques individuelles associés aux trajectoires de pratique d’activité physique supervisée et non supervisée. Participants : 1 814 enfants (51% garçons) nés en 1998 ayant participé à l’Étude Longitudinale du Développement des Enfants du Québec (ELDEQ). Les données récoltées proviennent uniquement de leur mère. Mesures : La fréquence de l’activité physique supervisée et non supervisée a été mesurée à quatre reprises alors que les enfants étaient âgés entre 5 et 8 ans. Les déterminants ainsi que les variables contrôles ont été mesurés alors que les enfants avaient 4 ou 5 ans. Résultats : Trois trajectoires d’activité physique supervisée et non supervisée ont été identifiées. Les résultats suggèrent que les trajectoires d’activité physique supervisée, représentant respectivement 10%, 55.3% et 34.7% de la population, sont relativement stables même si elles subissent une légère augmentation avec le temps. Des trois trajectoires d’activité physique non supervisée représentant respectivement 14.1%, 28.1% et 57.8% de la population, une augmente considérablement avec le temps alors iv que les deux autres sont stables. Ces deux séries de trajectoires ne sont pas associées significativement entre elles. L’éducation de la mère, l’entraide dans le quartier de résidence ainsi que la prosocialité des enfants déterminent les deux types d’activité physique. La suffisance de revenu et la pratique sportive de la mère sont associées seulement aux trajectoires d’activité physique supervisée. La famille intacte discrimine l’appartenance aux trajectoires d’activité physique non supervisée. Conclusion : Premièrement, la pratique de l’activité physique est relativement stable entre 5 et 8 ans. Deuxièmement, l’activité physique supervisée ainsi que l’activité physique non supervisée sont deux pratiques qui se développent différemment et qui possèdent leurs propres déterminants. Troisièmement, une approche écologique permet de mieux saisir la complexité de ces deux processus.

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L’objectif principal de ce mémoire est de déterminer l’effet modérateur des évènements stressants subis lors de l’enfance sur la relation entre les conditions de l’organisation du travail et le niveau de détresse psychologique vécue par les policiers et les employés de bureau de la ville de Montréal (SPVM). Les objectifs secondaires sont de déterminer le rôle direct des conditions de l’organisation du travail et des évènements stressants subis lors de l’enfance sur le niveau de détresse psychologique de cette population. Des données secondaires découlant d’une enquête réalisée auprès de 410 employés du SPVM nous ont permis de réaliser cette étude et de faire les analyses statistiques nécessaires. Cette recherche nous a permis de déceler quelques facteurs pouvant influencer le niveau de détresse psychologique des employés du SPVM. Entre autres, les résultats nous indiquent un niveau de détresse psychologique assez faible pour notre échantillon. De plus, ceux-ci nous démontrent que parmi les conditions de l’organisation du travail, deux variables indépendantes sont associées à une variation du niveau de détresse psychologique, c’est-à-dire les demandes psychologiques et le soutien social des superviseurs. En effet, les demandes psychologiques font augmenter le niveau de détresse psychologique, tandis que le soutien des superviseurs le fait diminuer. De plus, nos résultats soutiennent que le fait d’être un homme, de vivre en couple, de ne pas subir de tensions avec son enfant et son conjoint, de pratiquer des activités physiques, de ne pas consommer de tabac et de posséder un centre de contrôle interne sont associés à un faible niveau de détresse psychologique. Parallèlement, cette étude nous a permis d’avoir une compréhension plus exhaustive du rôle spécifique des évènements de vie stressants vécus lors de l’enfance en ce qui concerne la détresse psychologique vécue en milieu de travail. Ainsi, nos analyses multivariées nous ont permis d’identifier le fait qu’il n’y avait pas présence d’un effet modérateur des évènements stressants subis lors de l’enfance sur la relation entre les conditions de l’organisation du travail et le niveau de détresse psychologique. Pour ce qui est de la relation des évènements stressants subis lors de l’enfance sur le niveau de détresse psychologique, aucun lien n’a été décelé lors des analyses.

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L’obésité et la sédentarité sont considérées comme des problèmes importants de santé publique. L’augmentation de l’activité physique est une des stratégies recommandées pour obtenir un bilan énergétique positif dans les interventions de perte de poids. Deux accéléromètres, le Sensewear Armband (SWA) et l’Actical (ACT), sont des outils simples à utiliser en recherche clinique, mais à notre connaissance, aucune étude n’a évalué leur capacité à détecter des hausses de la dépense énergétique. De plus, très peu d’études, avec des résultats par ailleurs contradictoires, ont été effectuées afin de déterminer la fiabilité de ces accéléromètres pour la mesure de la dépense énergétique au repos et au cours d’une activité physique au vélo stationnaire. Ainsi, les objectifs de cette étude étaient: 1) évaluer, pendant 3 journées consécutives, la reproductibilité des valeurs de la dépense énergétique obtenues avec le SWA et l’ACT, au repos et au cours d’une activité physique de 45 minutes sur un vélo stationnaire, 2) déterminer la capacité de ces accéléromètres à détecter des hausses de 5% et 10 % de la dépense énergétique totale (DET) au moyen de la modification d’une activité physique au tapis roulant pendant 45 minutes. Cette étude transversale effectuée auprès de 20 sujets en santé, âgés de 20 à 32 ans et avec un IMC moyen de 23 kg/m2, consistait en 5 visites à la clinique. Les 3 dernières visites, sous supervision directe pendant 10 heures, comportaient des activités programmées sur le vélo stationnaire et la marche sur tapis roulant pendant 45 minutes. Les résultats montrent que le SWA et l’ACT donnent des valeurs reproductibles pour estimer la dépense énergétique au repos et la dépense énergétique au vélo (corrélations intra classe, p<0,001). Par contre, pour des hausses préétablies de la DET de 5% et 10%, les estimations respectives obtenues étaient de 1,4% et 7,8% avec le SWA et de 3,4% et 13,1% avec l’ACT. Le SWA sous-estime les hausses de 5% et de 10% et l’ACT sous-estime la hausse de 5% et surestime la hausse de 10% de la DET. Plus de recherches sont nécessaires avant de confirmer l’usage du SWA et de l’ACT dans l’estimation des hausses de la dépense énergétique totale.

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Contexte: Le diabète de type 2 est un problème de santé publique important. La pratique régulière de l’activité physique contribue à la prévention de cette maladie chronique. Toutefois, peu de recherches portent sur l’association entre l’activité physique de transport, notamment la marche utilitaire, et le diabète. Objectif : L’objectif de cette étude est d’examiner l’association entre la présence d’un diagnostic de diabète de type 2 et les pratiques de marche utilitaire dans un échantillon transversal. Méthode : Cette étude est une analyse secondaire de données provenant d’un projet de recherche sur l’implantation d’un système de vélos libre-service. 7012 adultes ont été recrutés par téléphone au printemps 2009, à l’automne 2009 et à l’automne 2010. La marche utilitaire a été mesurée en utilisant des questions adaptées du International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). L’association entre la marche utilitaire et le diabète auto-rapporté a été examinée au moyen d’analyses de régression logistique multivariées. L’influence des variables socio- démographiques, du niveau d’activité physique autre et de l’indice de masse corporelle a été contrôlée. Des analyses de sensibilité ont aussi été faites, utilisant un seuil différent pour le temps de marche utilitaire. Résultats : Dans le modèle final, la marche utilitaire est associée à une prévalence du diabète plus faible (RC=0,721; IC 95% : 0,547-0,950). Conclusion: La pratique de la marche utilitaire est associée à une prévalence plus faible de diabète auto-rapporté. La promotion de ce type d’activité physique aurait sa place dans la prévention du diabète dans une perspective de santé publique.

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Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de MARA (Modulo Activo Recreo Activo), sobre el tiempo de actividad física moderada vigorosa (AFMV) y de comportamiento sedentario de niños y niñas de 5º grado en 2 instituciones educativas oficiales de la ciudad de Bogotá. Materiales y métodos: Los participantes fueron 128 niños entre 10 y 12 años de edad, de 5to grado que asisten a dos colegios públicos en la localidad de San Cristóbal en Bogotá. La actividad física de los niños fue medida con acelerómetro GT3X+, durante 7 días entre julio y octubre de 2013. Uno de los colegios fue seleccionado aleatoriamente para ser intervenido por Muévete Escolar y su Módulo Activo Recreo Activo (MARA), (CIM) y otro colegio fue el grupo control (CC). El tiempo gastado en actividad física durante el día y en el momento de recreo fue medido antes y en la semana 10 después de la intervención: sedentario ( SED), actividad física leve ( AFL), actividad física moderada(AFM), actividad física vigorosa(AFV) y actividad física moderada a vigorosa (AFMV). Resultados: Posterior al análisis estadístico a través de modelos mixtos multinivel para ajustar por el efecto de conglomerado, se observó diferencia significativa entre CIM y CC (p < 0.0049) representado por incremento en los minutos de AFMV en CIM. Después de la intervención, los CMI disminuyeron los minutos de comportamiento sedentario (p= 0.0029), comparativamente con los CC. Conclusiones: El presente estudio contribuye a investigar sobre los efectos a corto plazo de modificar el momento del recreo, mediante la implementación de actividades guiadas, supervisadas y con el uso de materiales y equipos de juego. Los resultados del estudio sugieren que los efectos de la intervención con MARA fueron significativos especialmente en promover la práctica de AF diaria logrando incrementar los minutos de AFMV diaria, y así mismo disminuyendo comportamiento sedentario en el día. .

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Los adultos mayores tienen derecho a tener una vida segura emocional y económicamente que genere tranquilidad en ellos. Para esto, presentamos una propuesta llamativa para el cuidado de la población mayor con un enfoque de aventura en sus vidas, mediante el modelo de negocio Entorno de Alegría como centro de asistencia social para beneficiar la salud y estado emocional de ellos. Queremos que los adultos mayores vuelvan a ser niños, que sientan la inocencia, alegría y diversión en cada actividad que realizan y que por sobre todas las cosas irradien felicidad en cada una de sus acciones. Entorno de Alegría nace con el fin de dar solución a las condiciones que son generadas por la vejez mediante una propuesta impactante de diseño, ambientación, espacio, filosofía y portafolio; a través de un centro de recreación, entretenimiento y diversión para personas de la tercera edad por medio de actividades especialmente diseñadas para promover su bienestar y condición de vida digna que les permita disfrutar plenamente la nueva etapa que empiezan a vivir. Se desarrollarán actividades físicas, de entretenimiento, belleza entre otras, en donde el mayor beneficio será el dinamismo y la compañía que se proporcionan por medio de la recreación.

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RESUMO: O estágio contemplou a preparação e implementação de um programa, programa de Tratamento da Obesidade Pediátrica (TOP), direcionado para a redução da obesidade dos adolescentes. Foi desenvolvido num contexto clínico e teve o envolvimento de uma equipa multidisciplinar. Existiu um trabalho inicial ao nível da consulta de obesidade, no Hospital de Santa Maria, onde se procedeu ao recrutamento dos participantes. Seguidamente, foram dinamizadas sessões interativas, com exercício físico, com os adolescentes participantes, na Faculdade, no âmbito de um projeto de intervenção, que teve uma duração de seis meses, tendo tido início em janeiro de 2011 e terminado em junho de 2011. A componente científica esteve presente no estágio através da avaliação objetiva do impacte da implementação do programa TOP. No presente estudo, foi avaliado o impacte nos hábitos sedentários dos adolescentes e como objetivo secundário, pretendeu-se analisar a associação entre as atividades sedentárias e a composição corporal. Os resultados do estudo indicam uma descida significativa do peso e de todos os perímetros corporais dos participantes na amostra, bem como do tempo sedentário avaliado por acelerometria, do início para o final da intervenção. Não existiram correlações entre as alterações da composição corporal e as modificações do comportamento sedentário. ABSTRACT: The training incorporated the preparation and the implementation of an exercise program — program Tratamento da Obesidade Pediátrica (TOP) — focused on the decreasing of adolescence obesity. It was developed in a clinic context and it had the involvement of a multidisciplinary team. The work began in Hospital de Santa Maria with the obesity appointment where the participants were recruited. After, the intervention was developed in the Faculty with exercise sessions. The intervention had duration of six months. It began on January and finished on June, in year 2011. The training had a scientific character through the objetive evaluation of the implementation’s impact of the program TOP. This study analysed the impact on sedentary behavior in obese adolescents. Its secondary goal was to analyse the association between the sedentary activities and the body composition. This study’s results demonstrate that the weight and all the circumferences decreased significantly in sample’s participants, as well the sedentary time estimated by accelerometry, in response to the exercise program. There were not correlations between the alterations of the body composition and the modifications of the sedentary behavior.