Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from the H.M.S. Egeria, H.M.S. Penguin, H.M.S. Waterwitch, USS Enterprise and USS Tuscarora expeditions in the Southwest Pacific Ocean

The author is summarising the marine deposits of the south-west Pacific from a total of 773 samples taken during cruises of hms Challenger in 1874; USS Tuscarora and USS Enterprise in 1875 and 1876; HMS Egeria in 1888, 1889, and 1890; HMS Penguin in 1894, 1895, and 1896; and HMS Waterwitch in 1895.

Natural history of the Adelie penguin.

Mode of access: Internet.

Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from the H.M.S. Penguin expedition to the Coral Sea

The analyses of the samples from the Balfour Shoal show that these deposits contain a very large quantity of carbonate of lime, ranging from 88.7 per cent, on the summit to 71.9 per cent, in the deeper water at the base of the cone. The decrease in the quantity of carbonate of lime with increase of depth is not quite regular; still, a general fall in the percentage of lime is clearly indicated from shallower to deeper water. As might be expected in such a circumscribed area, there is a great uniformity both in the chemical composition and relative abundance of the organic and inorganic constituents of the deposits. In all cases the carbonate of lime is almost wholly made up of the dead shells which have fallen from the surface waters - belonging to Plankton organisms such as Pteropods, Heteropods, pelagic Foraminifera and coccoliths. The calcareous shells were in very many cases discoloured brown or black by depositions of the peroxide of manganese. On the north-east steep side of the Balfour Shoal there were indications that depositions of manganese peroxide were more abundant than elsewhere. In 1645 fathoms, there was an angular fragment of a mottled yellowish jasper coated with manganese peroxide, and in 1570 fathoms there were three characteristic spherical black manganese nodules from one-half to three-fourths of an inch in diameter, quite similar to those procured by the Challenger in many areas of the Pacific and Atlantic. In one of these nodules the nucleus was a sub-angular fragment of a light-coloured augite-granophyre.

The 1969 Edition of Ulysses: the making of a Penguin Classic.

The status of Ulysses as a classic in the United Kingdom, and, more specifically, its adoption within the academic canon, resulted from its first publication as a paperback by the Penguin Press in 1969. The decisions that Penguin made about price, size, design, additional matter, and marketing were directed towards enhancing that status. This represented an abandonment of the previous markets for the novel: the avant-garde (and its two subsidiaries—the aspirant high-culture consumer and the fine-book collector) and the pornographic. A discussion of the nature of these markets is integrated with evidence drawn from archival sources.

Subantarctic Macquarie Island - a model ecosystem for studying animal-derived nitrogen sources using N-15 natural abundance

Plants collected from diverse sites on subantarctic Macquarie Island varied by up to 30 parts per thousand in their leaf delta(15)N values. N-15 natural abundance of plants, soils, animal excrement and atmospheric ammonia suggest that the majority of nitrogen utilised by plants growing in the vicinity of animal colonies or burrows is animal-derived. Plants growing near scavengers and animal higher in the food chain had highly enriched delta(15)N values (mean = 12.9 parts per thousand), reflecting the highly enriched signature of these animals' excrement, while plants growing near nesting penguins and albatross, which have an intermediate food chain position, had less enriched delta(15)N values (> 6 parts per thousand). Vegetation in areas affected by rabbits had lower delta(15)N values (mean = 1.2 parts per thousand), while the highly depleted delta(15)N values (below -5 parts per thousand) of plants at upland plateau sites inland of penguin colonies, suggested that a portion of their nitrogen is derived from ammonia (mean N-15 = -10 parts per thousand) lost during the degradation of penguin guano. Vegetation in a remote area had delta(15)N values near -2 parts per thousand. These results contrast with arctic and subarctic studies that attribute large variations in plant N-15 values to nitrogen partitioning in nitrogen-limited environments. Here, plant N-15 reflects the N-15 Of the likely nitrogen sources utilised by plants.