Linear and nonlinear optical properties of expanded porphyrins: a DMRG study

We study absorption spectra and two photon absorption coefficient of expanded porphyrins (EPs) by the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) technique. We employ the Pariser-Parr-Pople (PPP) Hamiltonian which includes long-range electron-electron interactions. We find that, in the 4n+2 EPs, there are two prominent low-lying one-photon excitations, while in 4n EPs, there is only one such excitation. We also find that 4n+2 EPs have large two-photon absorption cross sections compared to 4n EPs. The charge density rearrangement in the one-photon excited state is mostly at the pyrrole nitrogen site and at the meso carbon sites. In the two-photon states, the charge density rearrangement occurs mostly at the aza-ring sites. In the one-photon state, the C-C bond length in aza rings shows a tendency to become uniform. In the two-photon state, the bond distortions are on C-N bonds of the pyrrole ring and the adjoining C-C bonds which connect the pyrrole ring to the aza or meso carbon sites.

Charles M. Breder, Jr.: Atlantis Expedition, 1934

Dr. Charles M. Breder participated on the 1934 expedition of the Atlantis from Woods Hole, Massachusetts to Panama and back and kept a field diary of daily activities. The Atlantis expedition of 1934, led by Prof. A. E. Parr, was a milestone in the history of scientific discovery in the Sargasso Sea and the West Indies. Although naturalists had visited the Sargasso Sea for many years, the Atlantis voyage was the first attempt to investigate in detailed quantitative manner biological problems about this varying, intermittent ‘false’ bottom of living, floating plants and associated fauna. In addition to Dr. Breder, the party also consisted of Dr. Alexander Forbes, Harvard University and Trustee of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI); T. S. Greenwood, WHOI hydrographer; M. D. Burkenroad, Yale University’s Bingham Laboratory, carcinology and Sargasso epizoa; M. Bishop, Peabody Museum of Natural History, Zoology Dept., collections and preparations and H. Sears, WHOI ichthyologist. The itinerary included the following waypoints: Woods Hole, the Bermudas, Turks Islands, Kingston, Colon, along the Mosquito Bank off of Nicaragua, off the north coast of Jamaica, along the south coast of Cuba, Bartlett Deep, to off the Isle of Pines, through the Yucatan Channel, off Havana, off Key West, to Miami, to New York City, and then the return to Woods Hole. During the expedition, Breder collected rare and little-known flying fish species and developed a method for hatching and growing flying fish larvae. (PDF contains 48 pages)

Calculations of bond dissociation energies and dipole moments in energetic materials using density-functional methods

We compare the effectiveness of six exchange/correlation functional combinations (Becke/Lee, Yang and Parr; Becke-3/Lee, Yang and Parr; Becke/Perdew-Wang 91; Becke-3/Perdew-Wang 91; Becke/Perdew 86; Becke-3/Perdew 86) for computing C-N, O-O and N-NO2 dissociation energies and dipole moments of five compounds. The studied compounds are hexabydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), dimethylnitramine, cyanogen, nitromethane and ozone. The Becke-3/Perdew 86 in conjunction with 6-31G

Proyecto de un parque eólico para la alimentación de las bombas de la central hidráulica de Belesar (Lugo).

[ES]El proyecto consiste en el estudio de las necesidades energéticas de las bombas de una central hidráulica y la construcción de un parque eólico para satisfacer dichas necesidades. Para ello será necesario llevar a cabo un estudio del área y así encontrar el lugar más adecuado para ubicar los aerogeneradores, teniendo en cuenta la frecuencia, velocidad y dirección de los vientos predominantes del lugar. Después habrá que estudiar el mercado y elegir el aerogenerador adecuado para las condiciones del lugar y del viento, atendiendo también a otras cuestiones de relevancia. Se estudiará, además, la posibilidad de inyectar un posible exceso de electricidad a la red general. Una vez hecho esto, habrá que calcular el coste del proyecto.

Juvenile salmon investigations River Wenning catchment 1981-86

As part of the River Lune juvenile salmonid investigation, a number of sites on the River Wenning catchment were electrofished annually from 1981 - 1985. Particularly low Salmon parr populations were evident for much of the Wenning catchment which has caused some concern. All the Wenning catchment electrofishing results are reported in this paper and comparisons are made with designated groups of sites on the remainder of the Lune catchment. These groups of sites are: River Lune and tributaries, upstream Tebay, Upper Middle Lune, Lower Middle Lune, Lower Lune, Birk & Borrow Becks, Chapel & Crosdale Becks, Rawthey system, Barbon & Leek Becks and the Greta system. The general scarcity of Salmonids in large sections of the main river Wenning probably reflects the apparent limited natural spawning areas on the catchment. Details of Salmon fry and ova planting on the Wenning catchment since 1981 have been collated and whilst survival through the 0+ stage appears to be quite good, recruitment to the 1++ stage appears to be poor. Water quality does not appear to be responsible for the very low salmonid densities at some main river sites but is possibly a factor in apparently preventing any Salmon run in Keasden Beck. Recommendations for future Fisheries and Biological work are given.

A summary report on juvenile salmonid populations of the River Lune catchment, 1981 to 1991

This report summarises the fisheries electrofishing survey work undertaken on the River Lune, England, in the period 1981-85 and 1991. As part of a long term monitoring programme by the National Rivers Authority, juvenile surveys, with the emphasis on salmonids, have been carried out on the River Lune on a number of occasions since 1981. The latest survey in 1991 now gives the opportunity to assess what, if any, changes have occurred in the juvenile populations across the last 11 years and how future fisheries management may impact on the River Lune as a fishery. The areas of trout and salmon, fry and parr production will be considered in detail, as will adult trout populations. Water quality issues will be mentioned briefly as will habitat issues, where they are deemed to be important in affecting fish densities.

Genetic differentiation between Atlantic salmon populations in the Windermere catchment

Genetic analysis, using single locus probes for genomic DNA, revealed that the juvenile Atlantic salmon populations in the Rivers Leven, Rothay and Troutbeck were related but genetically distinct. This genetic differentiation is greater than might be expected (by comparison with other salmon populations in the UK) and it is recommended that no action is taken which might promote genetic exchange between the three rivers. Thus, future fisheries management practices should treat the salmon from each site as separate genetic stocks. It is unlikely that any attempts to encourage fish currently spawning in the River Leven (downstream of Windermere) to utilize the upper catchment will be successful. The faster growth rate of juvenile salmon in the River Leven, compared with the River Rothay, probably results from a difference in temperature between the inflowing streams and the main outflow of Windermere. Precocious sexual maturation of some male parr was found in all three populations but the incidence (13-33%) is well within the range reported for other waters. Because of their enhanced growth rate, it is likely that some of the precocious males in the River Leven were 0+ fish. A very high incidence of hybridization (>18%) between Atlantic salmon and brown/sea trout was found in Troutbeck but not in the other rivers. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of these hybrids revealed them to be the product of several, independent cross-fertilizations involving both sexes of both species. The implications of this finding are discussed in relation to the availability of suitable spawning sites in Troutbeck.

Salmon stocking by the Lancashire River Authority: investigations into the requirements and methods best suited to the area

All species of fish are able to propagate and maintain their numbers provided that no adverse influence occurs to change the compatible environment, the salmon is no exception. Propagation of fish by artificial means has long been a subject of discussion amongst fishery workers and views have been expressed (both favourable and unfavourable) on the merits of the various methods employed. In an attempt to discover whether artificial propagation was necessary and also to find the best methods of propagation to adopt in the various rivers, a phased programme of investigation into natural spawning efficiency and the results obtained by various methods of artificial propagation was started in the Lancashire River Board area during 1957. The object being to seek information on: (1) The survival of ova from natural spawnings to the eyed and alevin stages. (2) The population density of feeding fry (from natural spawnings) at various intervals of development. (3) The viability of green ova and eyed ova- when planted artificially. (4a) The survival to 0+ parr from implants of eyed ova unfed fry and fed fry. (4b) Populations per unit area of 0+ parr from various planting densities of eyed ova, unfed fry and fed fry. Sampling stations were selected on the Rivers Ribble, Lune and Wyre watersheds for the purpose of marking and examination of natural salmon redds.

Use of biological reference points for the conservation of atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)in the River Lune, North West England.

This paper deals with the development and use of biological reference points for salmon conservation on the River Lune, England. The Lune supports recreational and net fisheries with annual catches in the region of 1,000 and 1356 salmon respectively. Using models transported from other river systems, biological reference points exclusive to the Lune were developed; specifically the number of eggs deposited and carrying capacity estimates for age 0+ and 1+ parr. The conservation limit was estimated at 11.9 million eggs and between 1989 and 1998 was exceeded in two years. Comparison of juvenile salmon densities in 1991 and 1997 with estimates of carrying capacity indicated that 0+ and 1+ parr densities were at around 60 % of carrying capacity and may relate to the number of eggs deposited in 1990 and 1996 being approximately 70% of the target value. The paper discusses the management actions taken in order to ensure that the management target of the conservation limit being met four years out of five is delivered. It also discusses the balance between conservation and exploitation and the socio-economic decisions made in order to ensure parity of impacts on the rod and net fisheries. The regulations have been enforced since 1999 and the paper concludes with an assessment of the actions taken to deliver the management targets, over the last five years.

Electrofishing, survey of Skirden and Swanside Beck August/September 1987.

As a follow up survey, the report assesses Skirden and Swanside Beck (North West England) in order to determine: 1. The status of these systems as salmonid nursery streams. 2. The success of planting with salmon fry and parr, carried our earlier in the year. The report gives methods, results, a summary and the author's recommendations.

Hipocrisia: arte do engano, arte do ator. Um olhar sobre a criação de si em Nietzsche

O objetivo desta tese é o de propor uma via de interpretação e significação possível ao problema ético-estético ou ético-poiētico da criação de si a partir da formulação de um conceito de hipocrisia. A partir de um espectro de análises acerca das práticas de engano, compõe-se um cenário inicial na forma de prolegômenos, nos quais se esboça uma distinção entre hipocrisia e autoengano, sob dois registros: formal, com a distinção de perspectivas entre enganar e ser enganado, com base no reconhecimento do engano; e processual, onde a hipocrisia, como incorporação intencional de personagens, distingue-se do autoengano como processo não reconhecido de incorporação de crenças. O primeiro capítulo dedica-se a compreender como as práticas de engano e a hipocrisia vêm a se tornar um problema moral. Remontando o problema aos gregos, abrem-se, para além dessa condenação, vias para uma reavaliação das formas de inteligência astuciosa nomeada por mêtis. No segundo capítulo, procura-se elaborar um conceito de hipocrisia como significação ao problema ético e estético da criação de si. A oposição entre as formas éticas da amizade e da lisonja, tendo em comum a atenção ao kairós, o tempo oportuno, é o mote para se pensar duas formas de discurso: o retórico, comandado pela mêtis, e o filosófico, pautado pela parrēsía; e para se propor uma forma de cuidado de si distinta da que é constituída pelo discurso parrēsiástico e vertida em ḗthos pela áskēsis. Tal seria a criação de si pela atenção aos acasos e instintos e teria como modelo o trabalho de incorporação e manejo artístico próprio à arte do ator. Daí emerge o conceito de hipocrisia como: arte de interpretar um saber da dóxa pela mestria do kairós, e de configurá-lo pela mímēsis de modo a criar a si como autor e obra de si mesmo. No terceiro capítulo, com enfoque interpretativo, toma-se esse conceito de hipocrisia como fio condutor para uma articulação entre três aspectos do pensamento de Nietzsche: i) a compreensão extramoral acerca das práticas de engano, tendo a vontade de aparência como aquilo que lhes subjaz; ii) a perspectiva epistêmica de processos sem sujeito, tendo as noções de máscara e interpretação como mote para se pensar a hipocrisia como um manuseio ou manejo artístico visando à criação de um eu hipócrita; e iii) a proposta ético-estética de criação de si e constituição de um caráter, onde a hipocrisia poderia ser compreendida como uma ética-estética do espírito livre, que pela incessante troca de papéis, cria a si como obra de arte e se torna o que é.

Blast fishing in southwest Sulawesi, Indonesia

Blast fishing has been a widespread and accepted fishing technique in Indonesia for over 50 years. The largest coral reef fishery in Indonesia is around the Spermonde archipelago in southwest Sulawesi. With the expanding population and the increasing demand for fish for export, fishing has intensified and fish catches per unit effort are stable or declining. The use of bombs made with a mixture of kerosene and fertilizer is widely prevalent. In the market of the city of Ujung Pendang, an estimated 10-40% of the fish from capture fisheries are caught through blast fishing. This is destroying the hard corals. Blast fishing is seen by the fishers as being much easier and results in higher catches than with other traditional methods. They believe that the only way to limit this practice is with stricter policing and higher fines. An effective management option could be to establish national marine reserves within the archipelago, supported by other income-generating activities.

River Dart fisheries survey 1965

This is the first River Dart Fisheries Survey produced by the Devon River Authority; which was carried out from May to October 1965. The objective was to examine the distribution and relative abundance of salmonid fish in the River Dart, in order to assess the possibility or desirability, of increasing salmon smolt production of the river by artificial propagation or other means. Description, chemical, pollution and biological conditions of the River Dart along with fisheries catches, water extraction and spawning are briefly cited. The method includes the choice of sections and sampling techniques. The results go through the number/type/class of fishes counted while the survey took place, distribution patterns within the different transects/brooks, competition between salmon parr and trout and estimations of population. The section on the discussion and recommendations is introduced by a brief explanation of the bases for the Artificial Propagation Programme and the River Dart specific case-study. The annexes contains River Dart and tributaries maps, fish size distribution tables and figures, tables with totals of salmonid fish found and population density tables.

River Dart fisheries survey 1974

This is the River Dart Fisheries Survey 1974 report produced by the South West Water Authority. The survey was carried out between July and October 1974 to assess the extent of the 0+ and 1+ Salmo salar L. population in the Dart catchment and thereby assess directly the success of the 1973/74 and 1972/73 spawning season. The survey showed that there were large numbers of salmon parr distributed throughout the upper reaches of the Dart, reflecting the successful spawning of the 1973/74 and 1972/73 season. It contains tables with survey sections locations, presence/absence for each section and location maps with spawning grounds and sampling stations.

River Dart Salmon Project. Summary of Phase I report.

This is the River Dart Salmon Project Summary of Phase I Report (2002) by the Westcountry Rivers Trust. The report contains sections on the introduction to Dart Salmon, factors affecting salmon numbers, salmon rod catch and salmon electro-fishing data, and a summary and discussion of the next phase. It also contains two tables with time series analysis on fry/parr numbers in representative section of the River Dart and figures with trends in fry/parrs numbers at juveniles electro-fishing sites. The section on salmon rod catch data includes trend analysis, cross-correlation of catches in different rivers and a general conclusion.