997 resultados para Paredes moldadas
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O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar, através de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), a capacidade de remoção da lama dentinária nas regiões cervical, média e apical do canal radicular após a utilização das soluções de EDTA dissódico, trissódico e tetrassódico a 17% e do gel de EDTA a 24% durante a preparação do canal radicular. A amostra consistiu em 100 dentes humanos, monorradiculares, extraídos, aleatoriamente divididos em cinco grupos. Nos grupos experimentais foram utilizados soluções de EDTA dissódico, trissódico e tetrassódico a 17 % e gel de EDTA trissódico a 24%. No grupo controle foi utilizado água destilada. Cada dente foi dividido longitudinalmente e analisado no MEV. As paredes dos canais radiculares foram examinadas nas regiões cervical, média e apical quanto à remoção da lama dentinária, presença de detritos e abertura dos túbulos dentinários. Durante este processo, foram realizadas fotomicrografias com aumento de 2000 vezes. O sistema de classificação utilizado na análise foi: 0 – ausência de lama dentinária, túbulos dentinários abertos e livres de detritos; 1 – lama dentinária moderada, contorno dos túbulos visíveis ou parcialmente preenchidos por detritos; 2 – abundante lama dentinária, sem distinção do contorno dos túbulos. Para a análise estatística foram utilizados os testes não paramétricos de Friedman e Kruskall-Wallis. Os resultados mostraram diferença estatística entre os grupos teste e controle (p=0,01). No entanto, quando comparados entre si, os grupos teste não apresentaram diferença significativa. Foi verificado na comparação entre as regiões cervical, média e apical diferença estatística no grupo que foi utilizado EDTA gel (p=0,01). Neste grupo foi observado que a eficácia de remoção da lama dentinária foi menor na região apical do que nas regiões cervical e média, que não apresentaram diferenças entre si. A maior presença de lama dentinária na região apical foi confirmada ao se reunir todos os grupos em que se utilizou EDTA e comprovar que a região apical apresentava significativamente mais lama dentinária do que as regiões cervical e média (p=0,01). Dessa forma pode-se concluir que as soluções de EDTA dissódico, trissódico e tetrassódico a 17% e o gel de EDTA trissódico a 24% foram eficientes na remoção da lama dentinária e que a região apical do canal radicular apresentou maior presença de lama dentinária do que as regiões cervical e média.
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Aduelas protendidas externamente utilizadas em pontes contrastam com as clássicas construções monolíticas, consistindo de “pequenos” segmentos pré-moldados protendidos por cordoalhas externas. Há muitas vantagens na utilização deste tipo de composição, como rapidez e versatilidade na construção, alto controle de qualidade e economia. No presente trabalho, discute-se uma formulação, baseada no método dos elementos finitos, para simular o comportamento de estruturas compostas por aduelas externamente protendidas. Esta formulação permite tanto a análise de situações de serviço, onde as seções permanecem completamente comprimidas, como também de situações últimas, onde se considera a abertura das juntas e a transferência de esforços através das mesmas. O modelo computacional utiliza dois procedimentos distintos, baseados em um modelo elasto-viscoplástico. No primeiro, determina-se a resposta da estrutura ao longo do tempo, considerando-se, nesta etapa, que o material possui comportamento viscoelástico. No segundo, busca-se a resposta da estrutura para um carregamento instantâneo, considerando-se o material com um comportamento elastoplástico. As juntas entre as aduelas são representadas através de elementos de contato unidimensionais. Os nós de cada elemento de contato coincidem com os nós do elemento de concreto que a ele foi associado.Um modelo de camadas superpostas é utilizado para representar o comportamento viscoelástico do concreto e da armadura protendida Para representar o concreto fissurado, utiliza-se um modelo de fissuras distribuídas, que leva em conta a contribuição do concreto entre fissuras. A armadura passiva é introduzida na análise através de um modelo incorporado e a armadura de protensão não aderente é disposta em elementos fictícios, paralelos aos elementos reais da estrutura. Para verificar a adequação do modelo computacional, compararam-se resultados numéricos com valores experimentais disponíveis na literatura.
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Remote Communities. Absence of artifacts and minimization of the exacerbated consumption of modernity. The desire which spread beyond what reality can provide. Expressions like this are present in this paper which focus in the social representations of school built by residents who live at the riversides of Môa and Azul Rivers, in Mâncio Lima, Acre State. To do so, we used the methodological contribution of the semi-structured interview, observation of the place while a natural inhabitant of the region, and also photos analyses of local reality. A key feature of the riverside homes is the glued paper on the walls of houses forming a panel set of portraits, pictures, letters and numbers for all appreciated. Regardless of whether or not read, there is admiration for the color of the images, the layout of the letters, and the things of the city awakening the desire to obtain school knowledge. The resident of this Amazon region maintains a close relationship between thinking, acting and feeling living harmonically with nature that connects them to the ideal landscape which is revisited by the graphic material that attracts wondering what exists beyond the shores of the river, beyond the horizon of green forests. It is a life entirely accomplished by the imaginary where exist a framed landscape merged and confused by the real and the supernatural, in which men and gods walk together by the forest, sailing by the rivers and seek a possible aesthetic between the real and ideal. The Theory of Social Representations spread by Serge Moscovici (2005) and Jodelet (2001) guided our gaze on the understanding what the school is and its representation to the riversides, as well to reveal the relation they practice with the knowledge that is spread by the mystification and the knowledge that is practice daily. Based in Bardin s thematic analysis (2004) we tried to raise such contents combining them in five analysis categories
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The modern technology of materials and structural integrity of pipelines requests the use of inspection tools named inspection pigs to detect, localize and measure the length, width and depth dimensions of the thickness losses of walls of buried and underwater pipelines in service. These tools run them internally, performing and recording measurements, with performance that varies according to the pig s technology. It has been developed recently an instrumented pig technology, called feller pig. This work aims to indicate factors that influence the feller pig technology performance in the detection and in the accuracy of measurement of the length, width and depth dimensions of the thickness losses on the internal surface of an oil pipeline wall under normal conditions of oil pipe inspection with pig. In this work, is made a collection of factors and an analyses of the technology based on the available literature, as well as an experiment to observe the technology and the factors operating. In the experiment, a feeler pig is used in a pipeline built in carbon steel and in operation that flows petroleum, in witch are observed areas with internal thickness losses occurred naturally. Some of these areas and their dimensions taken by automated ultra-sound scanner are compared with the ones indicated by the feller pig. Based on the data collection, on the analysis and on the experiment, the influence of factors object of this research is discussed. It is concluded that, among these, there are factors related to pipe fabrication tolerances, to wear of pig components, to internal adhesive wear of pipeline, to other pipeline damages and to technology characteristics. Finally, actions are suggested to know better, improve and define the applicability of this technology
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To enhance the maintenance practices, Oil and Gas Pipelines are inspected from the inside by automated systems called PIG (Pipeline Inspection Gauge). The inspection and mapping of defects, as dents and holes, in the internal wall of these pipelines are increasingly put into service toward an overall Structural Integrity Policy. The residual life of these structures must be determined such that minimize its probability of failure. For this reason, the investigation on the detection limits of some basic topological features constituted by peaks or valleys disposed along a smooth surface is of great value for determining the sensitivity of the measurements of defects from some combinations of circumferential, axial and radial extent. In this investigation, it was analyzed an inductive profilometric sensor to scan three races, radius r1, r2, r3, in a circular surface of low carbon steel, equipped with eight consecutive defects simulated by bulges and holes by orbit, equally spaced at p/4 rad. A test rig and a methodology for testing in laboratory were developed to evaluate the sensor response and identify their dead zones and jumps due to fluctuations as a function of topological features and scanning velocity, four speeds different. The results are presented, analyzed and suggestions are made toward a new conception of sensor topologies, more sensible to detect these type of damage morphologies
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We report a theoretical investigation of the magnetic phases and hysteresis of exchange biased ferromagnetic (F) nanoelements for three di erent systems: exchange biased nanoparticles, exchange biased narrow ferromagnetic stripes and exchange biased thin ferromagnetic lms. In all cases the focus is on the new e ects produced by suitable patterns of the exchange energy coupling the ferromagnetic nanoelement with a large anisotropy antiferromagnetic (AF) substrate. We investigate the hysteresis of iron and permalloy nanoparticles with a square basis, with lateral dimensions between 45 nm and 120 nm and thickness between 12 nm and 21 nm. Interface bias is aimed at producing large domains in thin lms. Our results show that, contrary to intuition, the interface exchange coupling may generate vortex states along the hysteresis loop. Also, the threshold value of the interface eld strength for vortex nucleation is smaller for iron nanoelements. We investigate the nucleation and depinning of an array of domain walls pinned at interface defects of a vicinal stripe/AF bilayer. The interface exchange eld displays a periodic pattern corresponding to the topology of the AF vicinal substrate. The vicinal AF substrate consists of a sequence of terraces, each with spins from one AF subalattice, alternating one another. As a result the interface eld of neighboring terraces point in opposite direction, leading to the nucleation of a sequence of domain walls in the ferromagnetic stripe. We investigated iron an permalloy micrometric stripes, with width ranging from 100 nm and 300 nm and thickness of 5 nm. We focused in domain wall sequences with same chirality and alternate chirality. We have found that for 100nm terraces the same chiraility sequence is more stable, requiring a larger value of the external eld for depinning. The third system consists of an iron lm with a thickness of 5 nm, exchange coupled to an AF substrate with a periodic distribution of islands where the AF spins have the opposite direction of the spins in the background. This corresponds to a two-sublattice noncompensated AF plane (such as the surface of a (100) FeF2 lm), with monolayer-height islands containing spins of one sublattice on a surface containing spins of the opposite sublattice. The interface eld acting in the ferromagnetic spins over the islands points in the opposite direction of that in the spins over the background. This a model system for the investigation of interface roughness e ects. We have studied the coercicivity an exchange bias hysteresis shift as a function of the distance between the islands and the degree of interface roughness. We have found a relevant reduction of coercivity for nearly compensated interfaces. Also the e ective hysteresis shift is not proportional to the liquid moment of the AF plane. We also developed an analytical model which reproduces qualitatively the results of numerical simulations
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOAR
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil - FEIS
Comportamento estrutural de lajes pré-moldadas treliçadas com adição de resíduos de borracha de pneu
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)