CARNAVAL EM JUIZ DE FORA: IDENTIDADE COMUNIT��RIA OU PRODUTO DA IND��STRIA CULTURAL?

Pesquisa a respeito das influ��ncias da ind��stria cultural sobre a forma����o da identidade nas Escolas de Samba em Juiz de Fora, as transforma����es introduzidas nestas agremia����es atrav��s dos meios de comunica����o de massa ao longo dos anos e o modo pelo qual os sambistas de Juiz de Fora reinterpretam e assimilam as informa����es da ind��stria cultural. O papel dos meios de comunica����o locais frente ao carnaval. O trabalho dividiu-se em tr��s etapas: pesquisa bibliogr��fica; realiza����o de um diagn��stico a partir de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com as pessoas envolvidas com as Escolas de Samba ou historicamente relevantes para os desfiles oficiais de carnaval em Juiz de Fora; e a an��lise qualitativa dos dados coletados. Levantou-se a trajet��ria hist��rica das Escolas de Samba de Juiz de Fora e seus pontos de contato com as Escolas de Samba do Rio de Janeiro, al��m de se buscar compreender qual �� a percep����o que os juizforanos t��m sobre o desfile local. As informa����es foram trabalhadas sob o ponto de vista da Teoria Cr��tica, das propostas filos��ficas de Michel Foucault, das considera����es sobre a sociedade do espet��culo. O trabalho demonstra que a preocupa����o principal das Escolas de Samba de Juiz de Fora �� com a realiza����o de um desfile que se enquadre nos padr��es exigidos pela ind��stria cultural, conseq��entemente o espet��culo em torno da festa transformou-se em uma forma de controle social, eliminando a espontaneidade e a transgress��o que tradicionalmente est��o associadas ao carnaval.(AU)

Queer enough? Contested terrains of identity deployment in the context of gay and lesbian public activism in Poland

Gay and lesbian prides and marches are of crucial relevance to the way in which non-heterosexual lives are imagined internationally despite regional and national differences. Quite often, these events are connected not only with increased activist mobilisation, but also with great controversy, which is the case of Poland, where gay and lesbian marches have been attacked by right-wing protesters and cancelled by right-wing city authorities on a number of occasions. Overall, the scholars analysing these events have largely focused on the macro-context of the marches, paying less attention to the movement actors behind these events. The contribution of this thesis lies not only in filling a gap when it comes to research on sexual minorities in Eastern Europe/Poland, but also in its focus on micro-level movement processes and engagement with theories of collective identity and citizenship. Furthermore, this thesis challenges the inscription of Eastern European/Polish movements into the narrative of victimhood and delayed development when compared to LGBT movements in the Global North. This thesis is grounded in qualitative research including participant observation of public activist events as well as forty semi-structured interviews with the key organisers of gay and lesbian marches in Warsaw, Poznan and Krakow between 2001 and 2007, and five of these interviews were further accompanied by photo-elicitation (self-directed photography) methods. Starting from the processes whereby from 2001 onwards, marches, pride parades and demonstrations became the most visible and contested activity of the Polish lesbian and gay movement, this thesis examines how the activists redefined the meanings of citizenship in the post-transformation context, by incorporating the theme of sexual minorities' rights. Using Bernstein's (1997, 2002, 2005, 2008) concept of identity deployment, I show how and when movement actors use identity tactically, depending on their goals. Specifically, in the context of movement-media interactions, I examine the ways in which the activists use marches to challenge the negative representations of sexual minorities in Poland. I also broaden Bernstein's framework to include the discussion of emotion work as relevant to public LGBT activism in Poland. Later, I discuss how the emotions of protests allowed the activists to inscribe their efforts into the "revolutionary" narrative of the Polish Solidarity movement and by extension, the frame of citizenship. Finally, this thesis engages with the dilemmas of identity deployment strategies, and seeks to problematise the dichotomy between identity-based gay and lesbian assimilationist strategies and the anti-identity queer politics.

Irish American women on St. Patrick's Day

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Irish American women on St. Patrick's Day

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Puerto Rican women at Young Lords Puerto Rican parade on 5th Avenue

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Lesbians celebrate International Gay Pride Day

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Union women march in Labor Day parade

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Union Women-ILGWU march in Labor Day Parade

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Union women march in Labor Day parade

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Mondale-Ferraro supporters at the Columbus Day parade

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Union women march in Labor Day parade

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.