Energia da fonti rinnovabili negli edifici esistenti. Integrazione architettonica di captatori solari ed eolici.

Questa tesi tratta dell'applicazione agli edifici esistenti di dispositivi per la produzione energetica da fonte rinnovabile: solare fotovoltaica, solare termica ed eolica. Dopo aver analizzato i motivi economici ed ambientali che oggi inducono ad affrontare il tema complesso dell'integrazione di queste tecnologie anche negli edifici esistenti, vengono documentate alcune decine di recenti istallazioni, reperite in ambito internazionale, costituendo così un piccolo repertorio di casi applicativi. Il ricorso alle fonti di energia rinnovabili in architettura ed il concetto di sostenibilità applicato alla progettazione sono temi di interesse mondiale che coinvolgono la riqualificazione energetica del parco edilizio esistente. Questo fenomeno sta generando una vera rivoluzione che, da una dimensione culturale promossa dalle politiche energetiche dei vari paesi, travolge svariati ambiti disciplinari, primo tra tutti l'architettura. L’elaborato è idealmente diviso in quattro parti, come di seguito specificato. Nel primo capitolo vengono trattate le problematiche che stanno portando alla diffusione delle energie rinnovabili nel mondo e descritte le varie forme e tecnologie con cui si utilizzano. Nel secondo e terzo capitolo sono trattati i temi dell’energia negli edifici e la sostenibilità nel progetto per la riqualificazione energetica in architettura. Negli ultimi tre capitoli si analizzano le caratteristiche, i componenti ed il funzionamento dei sistemi fotovoltaici, solari termici e micro/mini-eolici applicati ai manufatti edilizi. Si descrivono, inoltre, le tecnologie e le soluzioni per l’integrazione di detti impianti sugli edifici esistenti. L’ultima parte, costituita dall’allegato che contiene le schede di analisi di alcuni casi studio, descrive la realizzazione di progetti di riqualificazione energetica in cui sistemi fotovoltaici, solari termici ed eolici vengono applicati ad edifici di vario genere.

Generatore trasportabile di energia elettrica da fonte solare

Studio di fattibilità di un generatore trasportabile di energia elettrica da fonte solare.

Integrazione pannelli solari fotovoltaici su facciate ventilate

Integrazione pannelli solari fotovoltaici su facciate ventilate

Implementación del modelo de digestión anaerobia ADM1 en MATLAB/SIMULINK

Este trabajo tiene por objeto la implementación del modelo ADM1 (The IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1), para evaluar su capacidad de simular el proceso de digestión anaerobia de lodos de agua residual. Para implementar el modelo ADM1 se eligió el software Matlab y su herramienta Simulink, por su capacidad para simular sistemas dinámicos. Los resultados demostraron que la simulación a través de la implementación del modelo ADM1, es capaz de predecir la mayoría de los valores medios correspondientes a los parámetros de control más comunes del proceso de digestión anaerobia que se lleva a cabo en la Estación de depuración de aguas residuales (EDAR) sur de Madrid. Se deduce del estudio que la implementación del modelo ADM1 desarrollada mediante Matlab/Simulink, es capaz de simular el proceso dinámico de digestión anaerobia de cualquier EDAR, si se ajustan algunos de los parámetros del modelo para cada caso concreto. Abstract This work aims at the implementation of The IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1 (ADM1) in order to assess its ability to simulate the anaerobic digestion process of wastewater sludge. A Matlab/Simulink implementation of the ADM1 was developed, the simulations results shows that the ADM1 is able to predict the average values of the most common control parameters of the anaerobic digestion process that takes place in the Waste water treatment plant (WWTP) south of Madrid. It is deduced of the estudy that the Matlab implementation of the ADM1 developed, is able to simulate the anaerobic digestion dynamic process of a WWTP, if some of the model parameters are fitted for each specific case.

Validation Study of the Use of Matlab/Simulink Synchronous-Machine Block for Accurate Power-Plant Stability Studies

This paper presents results of the validity study of the use of MATLAB/Simulink synchronous-machine block for power-system stability studies. Firstly, the waveforms of the theoretical synchronous-generator short-circuit currents are described. Thereafter, the comparison between the currents obtained through the simulation model in the sudden short-circuit test, are compared to the theoretical ones. Finally, the factory tests of two commercial generating units are compared to the response of the synchronous generator simulation block during sudden short-circuit, set with the same real data, with satisfactory results. This results show the validity of the use of this generator block for power plant simulation.

Plataforma de simulación en Matlab-Simulink de un accionamiento regulado para emular aerogeneradores

En este proyecto se desarrolla un modelo de simulación de un accionamiento controlado que emula el comportamiento de una turbina eólica, el cual se ha llevado a cabo a través del programa para simulación Matlab/Simulink. Su desarrollo se ha estructurado de la siguiente forma: Tras una breve introducción a la energía eólica y a las máquinas eléctricas objeto de estudio en este proyecto, se procede a la caracterización y representación de dichas maquinas dentro de la plataforma de simulación virtual Simulink. Posteriormente se explican posibles estrategias de control de la máquina de inducción, las cuales son aplicadas para la realización de un control de velocidad. Asimismo, se realiza un control vectorial de par de la máquina de inducción de modo que permita un seguimiento efectivo del par de referencia demandado por el usuario, ante distintas condiciones. Finalmente, se añade el modelo de turbina eólica de manera que, definiendo los valores de velocidad de viento, ángulo de paso y velocidad del eje, permite evaluar el par mecánico desarrollado por la turbina. Este modelo se valida comprobando su funcionamiento para diferentes puntos de operación ante diversas condiciones del par de carga. Las condiciones de carga se establecen acoplando al modelo de la turbina, un generador síncrono de imanes permanentes conectado a una carga resistiva. ! II! ABSTRACT In this project, the simulation model of a controlled drive that emulates the behaviour of a wind turbine is developed. It has been carried out through the platform for multidomian simulation called Matlab/Simulink. Its development has been structured as follows: After a brief introduction to the wind energy and the electrical machines studied in this project, these machines are characterized and represented into the virtual simulation platform, Simulink. Subsequently, the possible control strategies for the induction machine are explained and applied in order to carry out a speed control. Additionally, a torque vector control of the induction machine is performed, so as to enable an effective monitoring of the reference torque requested by the user, under different conditions. Finally, the wind turbine model is implemented so as to assess the turbine mechanical torque, after defining the wind speed, the pitch angle and the shaft speed values. This model is validated by testing its functionality for different operating points under various load torques. The load conditions are set up by attaching a permanent magnets synchronous machine, with a resistive load, to the turbine model.

Laboratorios Virtuales de Sistemas de Control de Procesos en Labview y en Matlab-Simulink

El objetivo general de este proyecto es desarrollar unas prácticas de laboratorio de control de procesos en un entorno virtual, que permita a los alumnos interaccionar con el mismo de manera activa y cercana a situaciones reales que se pueden encontrar en su vida laboral o profesional.

Sistema de armazenamento de energia com base em baterias e no ondulador de tensão trifásico

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica Ramo de Automação e Eletrotécnica Ramo de Automação e Eletrónica Industrial

Sistema de emulação de aerogeradores para aplicação em geração distribuída de energia elétrica

Power generation from alternative sources is at present the subject of numerous research and development in science and industry. Wind energy stands out in this scenario as one of the most prominent alternative in the generation of electricity, by its numerous advantages. In research works, computer reproduction and experimental behavior of a wind turbine are very suitable tools for the development and study of new technologies and the use of wind potential of a given region. These tools generally are desired to include simulation of mechanical and electrical parameters that directly affect the energy conversion. This work presents the energy conversion process in wind systems for power generation, in order to develop a tool for wind turbine emulation testing experimental, using LabVIEW® software. The purpose of this tool is to emulate the torque developed in an axis wind turbine. The physical setup consists of a three phase induction motor and a permanent magnet synchronous generator, which are evaluated under different wind speed conditions. This tool has the objective to be flexible to other laboratory arrangements, and can be used in other wind power generation structures in real time. A modeling of the wind power system is presented, from the turbine to the electrical generator. A simulation tool is developed using Matlab/Simulink® with the purpose to pre-validate the experiment setup. Finally, the design is implemented in a laboratory setup.

Modelização de sistemas de gestão de energia em ambiente

Este trabalho propõe uma metodologia de tradução para igualar o programa de controle de PLC no ambiente Matlab/Simulink. A lista traduz automaticamente o programa de controlo de PLC para a linguagem. de software Matlab/Simulink. O programa do PlC é traduzido para uma função bloco do Matlab, dentro do ambiente Matlab/Simulink, que irá controlar o modelo do processo industrial, desde que a simulação seja executada. As entradas e saídas da lista de tradução do PLC depende do tipo de autómato que é escolhido. A lista de tradução será compatível com um ficheiro Matlab/Simulink que corresponde tradução de programa de controle de PLC. ABSTRACT: This work proposes a translation methodology to equa1 the program of control of PLC in the environment Matlab/Simulink. The list translates automatically the program of control of PLC for the language of software Matlab/Simulink. The program of the PlC is translated for a function block of the Matlab, inside the environment Matlab/Simulink, which will be going to control the model of the industrial process, since the simulation is executed. The entries and exits of the translation list of the PLC it depends on the type of automaton that is chosen. The translation list will be compatible with a filing cabinet Matlab/Simulink that corresponds translation of program of control of PLC.

Estudo da aplicação de molas magnéticas na recolha da energia de fontes renováveis

Dissertação de Mestrado, Engenharia Elétrica e Eletrónica, Especialização em Sistemas de Energia e Controlo, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

Matlab simulink modeling of photovoltaic cells for understanding shadow effect

Irradiation is the main component for producing the electricity from solar energy. When obstacles come in between the sun and the PV cell then it doesn’t get sufficient irradiance to produce enough electricity. Shadowing has a great impact on photovoltaic cell. The main fuel of PV cell is solar radiation. Using solar radiation, a photovoltaic cell produces electricity. The shadow on a PV cell decreases the output of the photovoltaic cell. It has been already shown in different papers that shadow effect decreases the output of the PV cell. There are different kinds of shadow effects which are observed, some minimize the PV cell output and some reduce the output to zero. There are different types of shadow based on their effects on the photovoltaic cell. The shadow has also effects depending on whether the PV cells are connected in series connection or in parallel connection. In series when one cell is out of order then the whole series of the PV cells will not work but in parallel connection if one cell is damaged, the others will work because they work independently. According to the output requirement the arrangement of the PV cells are made in series or parallel. Simulink modeling is made for series and parallel connection between two PV cells and the shadow effect is analyzed on one of the PV cells. Using SIMULINK, the shadowing is simulated on the two PV cells, where in one system they are in series and in another system they are in parallel. Slowly the irradiance is decreased to simulate the shadow effect. Simulation of the shadow effect gives an idea about the output of the PV cell system when system has shadow on the PV cells. Here the shadow effect on the two PV cells using series and parallel combinations are simulated and analyzed for understanding the effects on output.

Robotics, Vision and Control : Fundamental Algorithms in MATLAB

The practice of robotics and computer vision each involve the application of computational algorithms to data. The research community has developed a very large body of algorithms but for a newcomer to the field this can be quite daunting. For more than 10 years the author has maintained two open-source MATLAB® Toolboxes, one for robotics and one for vision. They provide implementations of many important algorithms and allow users to work with real problems, not just trivial examples. This new book makes the fundamental algorithms of robotics, vision and control accessible to all. It weaves together theory, algorithms and examples in a narrative that covers robotics and computer vision separately and together. Using the latest versions of the Toolboxes the author shows how complex problems can be decomposed and solved using just a few simple lines of code. The topics covered are guided by real problems observed by the author over many years as a practitioner of both robotics and computer vision. It is written in a light but informative style, it is easy to read and absorb, and includes over 1000 MATLAB® and Simulink® examples and figures. The book is a real walk through the fundamentals of mobile robots, navigation, localization, arm-robot kinematics, dynamics and joint level control, then camera models, image processing, feature extraction and multi-view geometry, and finally bringing it all together with an extensive discussion of visual servo systems.