Micromechanics Of Fatigue Crack-Growth At Low Stress Intensities In A High-Strength Steel

An attempt to systematically investigate the effects of microstructural parameters in influencing the resistance to fatigue crack growth (FCG) in the near-threshold region under three different temper levels has been made for a high strength low alloy steel to observe in general, widely different trends in the dependence of both the total threshold stress intensity range, DELTA-K(th) and the intrinsic or effective threshold stress intensity range, DELTA-K(eff-th) on the prior austenitic grain size (PAGS). While a low strain hardening microstructure obtained by tempering at high temperatures exhibited strong dependence of DELTA-K(th) on the PAGS by virtue of strong interactions of crack tip slip with the grain boundary, a high strength, high strain hardening microstructure as a result of tempering at low temperature exhibited a weak dependence. The lack of a systematic variation of the near-threshold parameters with respect to grain size in temper embrittled structures appears to be related to the wide variations in the amount of intergranular fracture near threshold. Crack closure, to some extent provides a basis on which the increases in DELTA-K(th) at larger grain sizes can be rationalised. This study, in addition, provides a wide perspective on the relative roles of slip behaviour embrittlement and environment that result in the different trends observed in the grain size dependence of near-threshold fatigue parameters, based on which the inconsistency in the results reported in the literature can be clearly understood. Assessment of fracture modes through extensive fractography revealed that prior austenitic grain boundaries are effective barriers to cyclic crack growth compared to martensitic packet boundaries, especially at low stress intensities. Fracture morphologies comprising of low energy flat transgranular fracture can occur close to threshold depending on the combinations of strain hardening behaviour, yield strength and embrittlement effects. A detailed consideration is given to the discussion of cyclic stress strain behaviour, embrittlement and environmental effects and the implications of these phenomena on the crack growth behaviour near threshold.

Effects of temper level on the dependence of fatigue crack growth threshold and crack closure on the prior austenitic grain size

An attempt has been made to systematically investigate the effects of microstructural parameters, such as the prior austenite grain size (PAGS), in influencing the resistance to fatigue crack growth (FCG) in the near-threshold region under three different temper levels in a quenched and tempered high-strength steel. By austenitizing at various temperatures, the PAGS was varied from about 0.7 to 96 μm. The microstructures with these grain sizes were tempered at 200 °C, 400 °C, and 530 °C and tested for fatigue thresholds and crack closure. It has been found that, in general, three different trends in the dependence of both the total threshold stress intensity range, ΔK th , and the intrinsic threshold stress intensity range, ΔK eff, th , on the PAGS are observable. By considering in detail the factors such as cyclic stress-strain behavior, environmental effects on FCG, and embrittlement during tempering, the present observations could be rationalized. The strong dependence of ΔK th and ΔK eff, th on PAGS in microstructures tempered at 530 °C has been primarily attributed to cyclic softening and thereby the strong interaction of the crack tip deformation field with the grain boundary. On the other hand, a less strong dependence of ΔK th and ΔK eff, th on PAGS is suggested to be caused by the cyclic hardening behavior of lightly tempered microstructures occurring in 200 °C temper. In both microstructures, crack closure influenced near-threshold FCG (NTFCG) to a significant extent, and its magnitude was large at large grain sizes. Microstructures tempered at the intermediate temperatures failed to show a systematic variation of ΔKth and ΔKeff, th with PAGS. The mechanisms of intergranular fracture vary between grain sizes in this temper. A transition from “microstructure-sensitive” to “microstructure-insensitive” crack growth has been found to occur when the zone of cyclic deformation at the crack tip becomes more or less equal to PAGS. Detailed observations on fracture morphology and crack paths corroborate the grain size effects on fatigue thresholds and crack closure.

Letras, 1982-1983, nº 6-7 (número completo)

Contenido: Editorial – La personalidad del maestro Ángel J. Battistessa / Octavio N. Derisi – Soneto del cumpleaños, opus 80 / Ángel J. Battistesa – Plácemes, evocaciones y semblanzas – Una reelaboración estilística de Enrique Larreta / Arturo Berenguer Carisomo – Battistessa traductor de Dante / Eugenio Castelli – El problema de la lengua y otros aspectos americanistas en la obra de Andrés Bello / Graciela M. Pucciarelli de Colantonio – Góngora y la poesía pura / Celina Sabor de Cortazar – Maestros e ingratitudes / Elso Darío Di Bernardo – Cuatro clases de modificadores causales con “porque” / Ofelia Kovacci – Un Calisto o Romeo anónimo del siglo XVI / Rafael Lapesa – Lectura retórica de Facundo / Luisa López Grigera – Cautivos en la literatura argentina del siglo XX / Luis Martínez Cuitiño – Aproximaciones a Benito Lynch y su obra / María Luisa Montero – Nota a un cuento de Jorge Luis Borges / Eithel Orbit Negri – Ardientes hebras, do s’ilustra el oro / Germán Orduna – La escritura de Manuel Gálvez / Antonio Pagés Larraya – Ulises de Joyce: el laberinto y el secreto / Rosa E. M. D. Penna – La composición de las “figuras” en “El mundo por de dentro” / Melchora Romanos – Celos, aun del aire, matan (de Juan Hidalgo y Pedro Calderón de la Barca) en versión de nuestro tiempo / Beatriz Entenza de Solare – Doctrina metafísica tradicional del Romance de la Infantina Encantada / Aquilino Suárez Pallasá – La Sagrada Escritura en “Morada del cielo”, de Fray Luis de León / Teresa Herraiz de Tresca – Expresiones de agasajo y de recuerdo – Homenaje universitario y académico – En la perspectiva del tiempo

Letras, 1982, nº 5 (número completo)

Contenido: El teatro de Jean Giraudoux (En su centenario) / Arturo Berenguer Carisomo – Augusto Raúl Cortazar; ecotipo del humanista de nuestro tiempo / Olga Fernández Latour de Botas – Sentido de la palabra en distintas civilizaciones y épocas / Lidia Beatriz Ciapparelli – Rasgos picarescos en los comienzos de la narrativa hispanoamericana / María Teresa Corvatta – La pedagogía de la personalidad en la obra de Ramón Llull / Juan Cuatrecasas – Entrevista imaginaria a Eugenio Montale / María Elena Chiapasco – “Sobre el oficio de escribir” de Luis Rosales / Teresa Iris Giovacchini – Aproximaciones a Benito Lynch y su obra / María Luisa Montero – Góngora o la realidad transpuesta / Juan Tobías Nápoli – Renovado interés erudito en nuestro Cantar de Mio Cid / Boris Osés – Los latines del Almirante / Gerardo H. Pagés – Lázaro: la metáfora del nombre / Alicia Parodi – Turbación en el amante a través de “La Celestina” / Iván Marco Pelicaric – Un retablo poético en la lírica contemporánea / Lía Noemí Uriarte Rebaudi – Reseñas bibliográficas

Prudentia Iuris, 2004, n° 58 (número completo)

Contenido: Editorial – Derecho de familia : Garantías de la libertad y la internación de enfermos mentales / José Atilio Álvarez – Concubinato / Julio César Capparelli – Cooperación jurisdiccional contra el tráfico internacional de niños / María Susana Najurieta – El nombre y la protección de la identidad / Mario J. A. Oyarzábal – El proceso de adopción y el derecho a la identidad : reflexiones acerca de la aplicación de los artículos 321, inciso h, y 328 del Código Civil / María Cristina Diez – Topografía elemental de los procesos de familia / Hernán Pagés – Violencia familiar : la exclusión del hogar conyugal como medida cautelar autosatisfactiva en los procesos de familia / Maximiliano Camus – El régimen de comunicación de los hijos con el padre no conviviente : consecuencias y posibles soluciones de las denuncias por abuso sexual de uno de los padres contra el otro / Diego Iparraguirre – La anorexia : su relación con el art. 203 del Código Civil / María Elisa Petrelli ; María Egidia Galíndez – La lesión subjetiva y la ancianidad / María Elisa Petrelli de Aliano – Los tribunales de familia como operadores de crisis : entrevista con el Dr. Lucas C. Aón – Crecer persona / Enrique E. Fabbri SJ – In Memoriam -- Recensiones

The chaetognatha of the Eastropic Expedition, with notes as to their possible value as indicators of hydrographic conditions

ENGLISH: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility that certain species of Chaetognatha found in Eastern Tropical Pacific waters can serve as biological indicators of oceanographic features. "Indicator" organisms have been found useful in identifying water types, in tracing the pattern of current systems, and in tracing the origin of moving water masses. To be of use in this type of study, the organisms must be sufficiently abundant to be readily sampled, and easily identified to species; they must also, at least partially, fulfill the additional requisites listed and discussed by Sverdrup, Johnson, and Fleming (1942, pp. 866-867). Among several groups of organisms fulfilling these requirements are the Chaetognatha. Specimens of this group of animals occurred in large numbers in the plankton samples used for this study. The works of Thomson (1947), Fraser (1942), Ritter-Zahony (1911), and Sund (1959) were used for identification. SPANISH: El objetivo de este estudio ha sido el de investigar la posibilidad de utilizar ciertas especies de quetognatos encontrados en el Pacífico Oriental Tropical como indicadoras biológicas de características oceanográficas. Organismos "indicadores" fueron encontrados útiles para la identificación de tipos de agua, el trazado del régimen de los sistemas de corrientes y la determinación del origen de masas de agua en movimiento. Para servir a este tipo de estudios, los organismos deben ser lo suficientemente abundantes como para ser fácilmente muestreados e identificados hasta la especie; también deben satisfacer, por lo menos parcialmente, los requerimientos indicados y discutidos par Sverdrup, Johnson y Fleming (1942, pags. 866-867).

El caserío vasco en el país de las industrias

368 p.- Este trabajo obtuvo el Accésit al Premio de Investigación "Realidad Social Vasca 2000", concedido por la Presidencia del Gobierno Vasco. - Serie Estudios : 147

Tracing the Basque presence in eastern Canada during the 16th and 17th centuries, through ceramic remains: the example of the glazed pottery produced in Bilbao

Poster presentado en Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology Conference, in St John's, Newfoundland,(Canadá)(June 2010)

Design and evaluation of an optical switching node

[EN]For a good development of elastic optical networks, the design of flexible optical switching nodes is required. This work analyses the previously proposed flexible architectures and, based on the most appropriate, which is the Architecture on Demand (AoD), proposes a specific configuration of the node that includes spatial and spectral switching and the wavelength conversion functionality with a low blocking probability and the minimum amount of modules; the characteristics of the traffic that the designed node is able to cope with are specified in the last chapter. An evaluation of the designed node is also done, and, compared to the other architectures, it is shown that the Architecture on Demand gives better results than others and that it has a higher potential for future developments.

Os Pontos de Cultura como espaços não-formais de ensino: Práticas educativas na Baixada Fluminense.

A presente pesquisa consiste em um panorama das práticas educativas desenvolvidas pelas ONGs atuantes como Pontos de Cultura situadas na região da Baixada Fluminense. Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral analisar as ações desenvolvidas pelas ONGs contempladas como pontos de cultura na região da Baixada Fluminense de acordo com os seguintes objetivos específicos: identificar aquelas ações que podem ser consideradas de caráter educativo não-formal e as relações entre estas ações ao conceito de cultura política. A partir da discussão dos conceitos de Cultura apresentados por Marilena Chauí, do histórico das políticas culturais no Brasil, por Antonio Albino Canelas Rubim e das definições que originaram o programa fruto de uma política pública recente no Brasil, estas ações são entendidas dentro da categoria não-formal. Assim sendo, há a discussão do papel da educação não-formal nestes processos através do desenvolvimento dos conceitos por autores como Maria da Glória Gohn, José Carlos Libâneo e Jaume Trilla, uma descrição da região e a análise de dados oriunda das respostas obtidas através de duas entrevistas e dez formulários respondidos pelos gestores responsáveis pelas organizações em 2014. Os resultados encontrados indicaram que o Programa Cultura Viva atua como uma espécie de preenchimento das lacunas apresentadas por Gohn no que se refere à educação não-formal e de que embora as organizações possuam campos de atuação bem heterogêneos, as práticas educativas realizadas possuem em comum a abordagem da cultura como direito humano e que estas podem ser uma mola propulsora para a construção de uma nova cultura política.

Taking advantage of an old concept, "illegitimate transcription", for a proposed novel method of genetic diagnosis of McArdle disease

McArdle disease is a metabolic disorder caused by pathogenic mutations in the PYGM gene. Timely diagnosis can sometimes be difficult with direct genomic analysis, which requires additional studies of cDNA from muscle transcripts. Although the "nonsense-mediated mRNA decay" (NMD) eliminates tissue-specific aberrant transcripts, there is some residual transcription of tissue-specific genes in virtually all cells, such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).We studied a subset of the main types of PYGM mutations (deletions, missense, nonsense, silent, or splicing mutations) in cDNA from easily accessible cells (PBMCs) in 12 McArdle patients.Analysis of cDNA from PBMCs allowed detection of all mutations. Importantly, the effects of mutations with unknown pathogenicity (silent and splicing mutations) were characterized in PBMCs. Because the NMD mechanism does not seem to operate in nonspecific cells, PBMCs were more suitable than muscle biopsies for detecting the pathogenicity of some PYGM mutations, notably the silent mutation c.645G>A (p.K215=), whose effect in the splicing of intron 6 was unnoticed in previous muscle transcriptomic studies.We propose considering the use of PBMCs for detecting mutations that are thought to cause McArdle disease, particularly for studying their actual pathogenicity.