Efeito do exercício físico na estabilidade de membrana de eritrócitos

CHAPTER II - This study evaluated the effects of two different types of acute aerobic exercise on the osmotic stability of human erythrocyte membrane and on different hematological and biochemical variables that are associated with this membrane property. The study population consisted of 20 healthy and active men. Participants performed single sessions of two types of exercise. The first session consisted of 60 min of moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE). The second session, executed a week later, consisted of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) until exhaustion. The osmotic stability of the erythrocyte membrane was represented by the inverse of the salt concentration (1/H50) at the midpoint of the sigmoidal curve of dependence between the absorbance of hemoglobin and the NaCl concentration. The values of 1/H50 changed from 2.29 ± 0.1 to 2.33 ± 0.09 after MICE and from 2.30 ± 0.08 to 2.23 ± 0.12 after HIIE. In MICE has occurred an increase in the mean corpuscular volume, probably due to in vivo lysis of older erythrocytes, with preservation of cells that were larger and more resistant to in vitro lysis. The study showed that a single bout of acute exercise affected the erythrocyte osmotic stability, which increased after MICE and decreased after HIIE.

Pollen and macrofossil profiles from six cores in Illinois, U.S.A

Pollen analysis of Wisconsinan sediments from eleven localities in northern and central Illinois, combined with the results of older studies, allows a first general survey of the vegetational changes in Illinois during the last glaciation. In the late Altonian (after 40,000 B.P.), pine was already the most prevalent tree type in northern Illinois. Probably because of the influence of the last Altonian ice advance to northern Illinois, pine migrated to the south and reached south-central Illinois, which was at that time a region of prairie, with oak and hickory trees in favorable sites. Likewise in the late Altonian, spruce appeared in northern Illinois. Spruce also expanded its area to the south during the Wisconsinan, reaching south-central Illinois only after 21,000 B.P., in the early Woodfordian. Deciduous trees (predominantly oak) were present in south-central Illinois throughout the Wisconsinan. Their prevalence decreased to the north. The vegetation during the different subdivisions of the last glacial period in Illinois was approximately as follows: Late Altonian: Pine/spruce forest with some deciduous trees in northern and central Illinois; prairie and oak/hickory stands in south-central Illinois; immigration of pine. Farmdalian: Pine/spruce forest in central Illinois; deciduous trees and pine in south-central Illinois, with areas of open vegetation, perhaps similar to the present-day transition of prairie to forest in the northern Great Plains. Woodfordian: Northern and central Illinois ice covered; in south central Illinois, spruce and oak as dominant tree types, but also pine and grassland. During the Woodfordian, pine and spruce disappeared again from south-central Illinois, and oak/hickory forest and prairie again prevailed. The ice-free areas of northern Illinois become populated temporarily with spruce, but later there is proof of deciduous forest in this region. Pollen investigations in south-central Illinois have shown convincingly that deciduous trees could survive relatively close (less than 60 km) to the ice margin. Therefore the frequently presented view that arctic climatic conditions prevailed in North America during the last glaciation far south of the ice margin can be refuted for the Illinois area, confirming the opinion of other authors resulting from investigations of fossil mollusks and frost-soil features. The small number of localities investigated still permits no complete reconstruction of the vegetation zones and their possible movements in Illinois. During the Altonian and Farmdalian in Illinois, a vegetational zonation probably existed similar to that of today in North America. As the ice pushed southward as far as 39° 20' N. lat in the early Woodfordian, this zonation was apparently broken up under the influence of a relatively moderate climate. In any case, the Vandalia area, which was only about 60 km south of the ice, was at that time neither in a tundra zone nor in a zone of boreal coniferous forest.

Contagem automática de plaquetas : ação de um aminoglicosídeo na pseudotrombocitopenia induzida pelo ácido etilenodiaminotetracético tripotássico

Introdução: A pseudotrombocitopenia dependente de EDTA (EDTA-PTCP) consiste numa falsa diminuição na contagem de plaquetas (PLT), em amostras de sangue colhidas em EDTA, devido a aglutinação plaquetar. Estudos publicados referem que a aglutinação plaquetar na presença de EDTA se pode evitar e dissociar com a adição de um aminoglicosídeo. Objectivos: 1) avaliar a eficácia do aminoglicosídeo gentamicina (Gent) na dissociação de aglutinados plaquetares em amostras de sangue total colhidas em EDTA; 2) verificar se existe alterações nos outros parâmetros hematológicos e na morfologia do sangue periférico, após adição de Gent; 3) detetar o envolvimento das frações GPllb ou GPllIa do complexo GPllb/llIa no mecanismo de formação dos aglutinados plaquetares induzidos pelo EDTA. Material e Métodos: 145 amostras de sangue periférico em EDTA-K3 e com trombocitopenia, processadas no CELL-DYN Sapphire TM. De acordo com padrão gráfico característico em Mono-Poly I, amostras reprocessadas após adição de 20 μL de Gent, com a mesma metodologia. Esfregaços de sangue periférico (ESP) corados por May-Grünwald-Giemsa. 13 amostras processadas com contagem imunológica de PLT (CD61), antes e após Gent. Comparação dos valores dos diferentes parâmetros antes e após adição de Gent: Teste T- student emparelhado, significado estatístico: p<0,05. Resultados: 138 amostras com diferença estatisticamente significativa na contagem de PLT antes e após Gent, com desaparecimento do padrão inicial em Mono-Poly I: 97 EDTA-PTCP (p<0,0001) e 41 trombocitopenias reais (p<0,0001). Sete amostras sem aumento na contagem de PLT (P=0,15) com Gent, nem alteração em Mono-Poly I, sugerindo presença de microcoágulos, confirmados em ESP. Principais parâmetros hematológicos sem diferenças significativas (p>0,05), após adição de Gent, com exceção do VPM (P<0,0001) e Ptc (p<0,0001). Morfologia do sangue periférico sem alterações. As treze amostras processadas com CD61 antes de Gent tinham um número de PLT superior ao obtido na contagem ótica antes de Gent. Conclusões: A adição de Gent às amostras em EDTA induz uma rápida dissociação dos aglutinados, sem causar alterações morfológicas nem dos principais parâmetros hematológicos. Apenas a GPllb parece estar envolvida no mecanismo de formação dos aglutinados plaquetares. O uso de Gent revelou-se muito útil, rápido e com baixo custo nas EDTA-PTCP, permitindo rentabilizar a tecnologia existente, com grande benefício para o doente.

Effects of aluminum on cells and tissues

International audience

L’utilisation libérale des transfusions de plaquettes dans la réanimation initiale des patients polytraumatisés

Cette revue systématique évalue l’effet d’une utilisation libérale de plaquettes (ratio élevé plaquettes:culots globulaires) en comparaison à une utilisation traditionnelle (faible ratio plaquettes:culots globulaires) dans la réanimation initiale des polytraumatisés. Parmi 6123 références identifiées, nous avons sélectionné 7 études observationnelles comparatives incluant au total 4230 patients. Quatre études ont rapporté une diminution de la mortalité avec des ratios plaquettes:culots globulaires élevés chez des patients transfusés massivement. Une étude sur des patients sans hémorragie massive et une étude sur un nouveau protocole de transfusion massive n’ont rapporté aucune différence. L’hétérogénéité clinique et les failles méthodologiques des études n’ont pas permis d’effectuer une méta-analyse. Les données probantes actuelles sont insuffisantes pour appuyer l’utilisation d’un ratio plaquettes:culots globulaires spécifique dans la réanimation des polytraumatisés, surtout en considérant le biais de survie et les hémorragies non massives. Des essais cliniques randomisés évaluant la sécurité et l’efficacité d’un ratio élevé plaquettes:culots globulaires sont nécessaires avant de recommander leur utilisation.

A HISTORY OF PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE TEACHING MANUALS IN BRAZIL, IN THEIR VARIOUS LANGUAGES

This article aims to study the historical constitution of Portuguese Language Teaching Manuals in Brazil (PLT) in Brazil. To do this, we offer firstly an overview view of research on these Teaching Manuals as used in schools and in Portuguese language classes throughout the whole time they have existed. From this extensive period we draw attention to some historical perspectives that have decisively changed the direction of PLT, its classes and the day to day life in schools. From these we shall single out the public policies regarding quality pertaining to the National Program for Teaching Manuals (NPTM) and to the National Program for Teaching Manuals for High Schools, specifically and for 2015 (NPTMHS 2015). We seek theoretical support in: Comenius (1954), Oliveira et al. (1984), Soares (1986, 1998, 2001), Bittencourt (1993), Freitag et al. (1993), Munakata (1997), Coracini (1999), Batista (2001, 2003, 2004), Batista and Costa Val (2004), Bunzen (2001, 2005, 2009), Bunzen and Rojo (2008) Rojo and Batista (2008), among others. The result of this research will give a history of PLT made up of diverse social and political factors, as well as those continually arising.