El medio urbano : un complejo ecosistema.

Las ciudades constituyen centros de vida social, económica y política, de información, creación e intercambio cultural. El reto planteado en el artículo consiste en convertir la ciudad en un entorno más habitable. La utilización del medio urbano como recurso didáctico en la escuela tiene un doble interés: ayuda a que los escolares comprendan la ciudad y el origen de sus problemas ambientales y facilita el desarrollo de todo un conjunto de actitudes respetuosas y solidarias hacia el entorno.

El paisaje urbano de la ciudad histórica o la historia del paisaje de la ciudad.

El artículo forma parte de un monográfico dedicado al Programa Vivir en al Ciudades Históricas patrocinado por la Fundación La Caixa

Ambiente e inteligencia en los niños salmantinos.

Estudiar las diferencias en cuanto al medio socio-cultural se refiere, que en el desarrollo de la inteligencia se dan. 100 niñas y 100 niños de edades comprendidas entre 8 y 9 años de ambientes urbanos y rurales de Salamanca. Test de inteligencia infantil de Goodenough, OTIS y AMPE elemental. Estadística diferencial. Hay significación entre las muestras. El factor que se desarrolla totalmente es el ambiente en el que el sujeto vive y por tanto es muy diferente el medio urbano y rural y siempre en detrimento de este.

El mapa ambiental de Alcalá de Henares : un programa experimental para la gestión sanitaria de la higiene del medio ambiente.

Este informe es el resultado de la Jornadas celebradas en Alcalá de Henares sobre el Mapa Ambiental de la localidad y la gestión sanitaria del medio ambiente. En ellas intervienen técnicos del Ministerio de Sanidad, del Ayuntamiento y del Centro Municipal de Salud, de las Universidades Autónoma de Madrid y de Alcalá de Henares, entidades ciudadanas, asociaciones de vecinos, grupos ecologistas y maestros. También se desarrollan coloquios con representantes de municipios de la periferia de Madrid, Guadalajara, Azuqueca de Henares y Comisaría de Aguas del Tajo. Uno de los aspectos más novedosos de este estudio es considerar la salud desde una perspectiva integradora del medio ambiente y como resultado del equilibrio ecológico entre el medio físico y el social. Se abordan otros temas como el ecosistema alcalaíno, la gestión sanitaria y medioambiental en Alcalá, su contaminación atmosférica, hídrica y del suelo, actividades insalubles y peligrosas, la salud escolar y la educación sanitaria. Concluye con unas recomendaciones sanitarias y medioambientales e incluye un apéndice que recoge datos sobre contaminación atmosférica.

Interrelaci??n entre la educaci??n y el desarrollo de los procesos de ense??anza-aprendizaje : familia y escuela unidas : una realidad, dos contextos : rural y urbano

Investigaci??n ex-post-facto, desde la percepci??n de los docentes, en relaci??n a la implicaci??n de las familias en los centros p??blicos de educaci??n Infantil y Primaria del Principado de Asturias. Se analizan las diferencias seg??n el contexto de ubicaci??n del centro: rural o urbano. El trabajo se ha centrado en la figura de la madre como representante de la unidad familiar. Se ha utilizado una metodolog??a cuantitativa basada en el estudio por encuesta. El an??lisis se centra en cuatro dimensiones sobre la relaci??n centro escolar-familia: la percepci??n de los docentes sobre: la implicaci??n parental en la educaci??n del hijo/a; la relaci??n familia-profesorado; las dificultades parentales para participar en el centro escolar; y, por ??ltimo, la relaci??n familia-centro escolar. Para el an??lisis cuantitativo de los datos se utiliz?? el paquete estad??stico SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences)

Uma cidade para pessoas: funcionalidade, racionalidade e emotividade nas relações mobiliário urbano, espaço público e cidadãos

This research investigates how functionality, rationality, and emotionality applied to urban furniture design contribute to the organization, legibility, and qualification of public spaces, according to different layouts, physical and visual qualities of the urban furniture as well as the quality of urban infrastructure that may influence the uses and appropriation of urban spaces by pedestrians, turning those spaces into socially centripetal or centrifugal places. The work consists of two parts. First refers to a bibliographical review concerning two main issues of the investigation: product design and legibility of public space, defining the conceptual and theoretical bases, linked to methodological strategies aimed at systemic planning and integrated management of urban furniture design and legibility of public spaces (sidewalks), that are necessary to define the existing relationships among the user s interface (pedestrians); product (urban artifacts); built environment (sidewalks). The second part refers to the achievement of empirical approach throughout visual analysis of public spaces and the functional and qualitative evaluation of the existing urban furniture in the central neighborhood of Cidade Alta, Natal, RN, according to the theoretical researched concepts and methodological procedures. The results expose the weaknesses and levels of intensity arising from the relations among public space, urban furniture, and users, revealing the need for theoretical and practical approaches which would help the decision-making in planning, designing and integrating innovative, sustainable, and ethical solutions in order to design attractive public spaces that could provide sociability and citizenship throughout integrated public management, city systemic thinking and urban identity. The suggested guidelines at the end of this research will provide the necessary strategies to design suitable urban furniture systems according to aesthetic and practical urban infrastructure and city context, aiming to ease visual and physical conflicts that may negatively interfere with the appropriation of public spaces by the citizens

Avaliação do potencial de formigas (Hymenoptera: formicidae) como vetores mecânicos de bactérias do gêneroSstaphylococcus no ambiente hospitalar.

In a hospital environment, these bacteria can be spread by insects such as ants, which are characterized by high adaptability to the urban environment. Staphylococcus is a leading cause of hospital infection. In Europe, Latin America, USA and Canada, the group of coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) is the second leading cause of these infections, according to SENTRY (antimicrobial surveillance program- EUA). In this study, we investigated the potential of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as vehicle mechanics of Staphylococcus bacteria in a public hospital, in Natal-RN. The ants were collected, day and night, from June 2007 to may 2008, in the following sectors: hospitals, laundry, kitchen, blood bank. The ants were identified according to the identification key of Bolton, 1997. For the analysis of staphylococci, the ants were incubated in broth Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) for 24 hours at 35 º C and then incubated on Mannitol Salt Agar. The typical colonies of staphylococci incubated for 24 hours at 35 ° C in Tryptic Soy Agar for the characterization tests (Gram stain, catalase, susceptibility to bacitracin and free coagulase). The identification of CoNS was performed through biochemical tests: susceptibility to novobiocin, growth under anaerobic conditions, presence of urease, the ornithine decarboxylation and acid production from the sugars mannose, maltose, trehalose, mannitol and xylose. The antimicrobial susceptibility examined by disk-diffusion technique. The technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to confirm the presence of mecA gene and the ability to produce biofilm was verified by testing in vitro using polystyrene inert surface, in samples of resistant staphylococci. Among 440 ants, 85 (19.1%) were carrying coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) of the species Staphylococcus saprophyticus (17), Staphylococcus epidermidis (15), Staphylococcus xylosus (13), Staphylococcus hominis hominis (10), Staphylococcus lugdunensis (10), Staphylococcus warneri (6), Staphylococcus cohnii urealyticum (5), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (3), Staphylococcus simulans (3), Staphylococcus cohnii cohnii (2), and Staphylococcus capitis (1). No Staphylococcus aureus was found. Among the isolates, 30.58% showed resistance to erythromycin. Two samples of CoNS (2.35%), obtained from the ant Tapinoma melanocephalum collected in the post-surgical female ward, S. Hominis hominis and S. lugdunensis harbored the mecA gene and were resistant to multiple antibiotics, and the specie S. hominis hominis even showed to be a biofilm producer. This study proves that ants act as carriers of multidrug-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci and biofilm producers and points to the risk of the spreading of pathogenic microorganisms by this insect in the hospital environment

Ambiente criativo: estudo de caso na cidade de Natal/RN

The creative city can be identified by their cultural quarters, the existence of creative territories or the dynamics of a creative class. Whether we classify a city as creative, we can conceive that as creative environment charge of development of creativity in organizational settings, but also in urban dynamics and public participation itself. The creativity social phenomenon is an important and essential element but it is not the only contributor to the development of the creative environment. From the city of Natal, state of Rio Grande do Norte, we tried to identify and characterize statistically the main creative sectors. Thus, we set off for the application of semi-structured interviews in the three key creative sectors: Research, Architecture and Advertising. Besides, the proposal of a summary table of the analysis of the creative industries in the city of Natal, the research allowed to propose an analysis model of urban environment of a city whose main dimensions are population, cultural resources, networks and public policy

Vicus Judæorum: os judeus e o espaço urbano no Recife neerlandês

This work broaches the participation of the Jewish community in the urban expansion of Recife, Brazil, during the Dutch period (1630-1654). With the arrival of the Dutch, the village of Olinda, former capital of Pernambuco, was destroyed and Recife received the juridical statute of city (stad), becoming the capital of Dutch Brazil or New Holland. It became the main West Indians Company s entrepot in South Atlantic, serving as naval base, port of call for ships, and point of export of the sugar production of Pernambuco, and import of European goods and African slaves. In order to such administrative, military and economic functions be carried out, the sand isthmus where Recife used to stay, and the fluvial island of Antônio Vaz, received improvements of many sort. The Dutch hydraulic technology was put in practice, with a posture of opposition between civilization and nature. Among military works and production of urban equipments, the rivers shores were land-filled, canals were built, bridges were lifted, and hundreds of buildings were erected. The civil Dutch population of Recife engaged in the process of production of physical space, which brought a sense of collective action towards the formation of the urban, or burgher, community. From the physical to the social space, there was an effort towards Dutch cultural standards in the urban environment. The Zur Israel Jewish community, formed by private civilians, it is, nonemployees of the WIC, engaged in those processes. It produced physical space through the land-filling and improvement of non healthy areas, and was also responsible for the construction of a significant section of the town s buildings and some of urban equipments, such as stores, markets and slave-warehouses, making more dynamic their economical activities. But their social traffic was due to the adaptation of their behavior to the standards of Dutch sociability. Thus, the community body made itself part of the social body. Disposing of internal selfregulation, it produced spaces with their cultural references cemetery, synagogue, texts enjoying benefits of the government. Zur Israel inscribed itself in the universal history of the Jews as the first community of Americas, and had a fundamental part on the emancipation of Jews within Western society

Métodos e técnicas geoelétricas rasas na delimitação de área afetada por ruptura em teto de túnel urbano

Este trabalho apresenta um uso da geofísica aplicada em uma situação de ambiente urbano. O objetivo dos levantamentos foi o de delimitar a extensão da zona afetada por um colapso e desmoronamento do teto de um túnel em construção sob o Parque do Ibirapuera na capital paulista. São descritos e apresentados os resultados obtidos através do emprego dos métodos geofísicos geoelétricos e suas técnicas, em uma situação emergencial e de risco em uma área urbana na cidade de São Paulo. Também são comparadas as técnicas/arranjos de campo e a forma de apresentação e interpretação dos mesmos. Os métodos empregados foram a Eletrorresistividade, Polarização Induzida (IP) e Potencial Espontâneo (SP). Os trabalhos de campo e interpretação preliminar foram efetuados em apwenas um fim de semana (sábado e domingo). Os resultados mostraram-se plenamente satisfatórios e possibilitaram significativa redução nos custos nas obras de remediação da área do incidente, cuja área decresceu da inicialmente estimada pela engenharia (20x20 m) para 3x5 m definida pelos estudos geofísicos.

Pobreza y políticas urbano-ambientales en Argentina

Incluye Bibliografía

A representação social e a territorialização da reforma agrária no espaço urbano a partir do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Vantagens e limitações das imagens de alta resolução como suporte ao planejamento urbano: o exemplo de Sobradinho - Distrito Federal

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Clima urbano e planejamento na cidade de Jales-SP

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Evolução do espaço escolar no Brasil: referências ao planejamento urbano de Limeira-SP

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE