Cryoreservation of alginate-fibrin beads involving bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells by vitrification

Application of cell-–biomaterial systems in regenerative medicine can be facilitated by their successful low temperature preservation. Vitrification, which avoids ice crystal formation by amorphous solidification, is an emerging approach to cryopreservation. Developing vitrification strategy, effective cryopreservation of alginate–fibrin beads with porcine mesenchymal stromal cells has been achieved in this study. The cell–biomaterial constructs were pre-cultured for 20 days before cryopreservation, allowing for cell proliferation and construct stabilization. Ethylene glycol (EG) was employed as the basic cryoprotectant for two equilibration solutions. Successful cryopreservation of the constructs was achieved using vitrification solution composed of penetrating (EG MW 62 Da) and non-penetrating (sucrose MW 342 Da) cryoprotectants. Stepwise procedure of introduction to and removal of cryoprotectants was brief; direct plunging into liquid nitrogen was applied. Cell viability, evaluated by combining live/death staining and confocal laser microscopy, was similar for both control and vitrified cells in the beads. No detectable damage of microstructure of cryopreserved beads was found as shown by scanning electron microscopy. Both osteogenically induced control and vitrified cells in the constructs were equally capable of mineral production and deposition. There was no statistically significant difference in metabolic activity and proliferation between both groups during the entire culture period. Our study leads to the conclusion that the developed cryopreservation protocol allowed to maintain the integrity of the beads while preserving the ability of the pig bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells to proliferate and subsequently differentiate; demonstrating that vitrification is a promising approach for cryopreser-vation of “ready-to-use” cell–biomaterial constructs.

Vitreous cryopreservation of nanofibrous tissue-engineered constructs generated using mesenchymal stromal cells

Development of an effective preservation strategy to fulfill off-the-shelf availability of tissue-engineered constructs (TECs) is demanded for realizing their clinical potential. In this study, the feasibility of vitrification, ice-free cryopreservation, for precultured ready-to-use TECs was evaluated. To prepare the TECs, bone marrow-derived porcine mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were seeded in polycaprolactone-gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds and cultured for 3 weeks before vitrification treatment. The vitrification strategy developed, which involved exposure of the TECs to low concentrations of cryoprotectants followed by a vitrification solution and sterile packaging in a pouch with its subsequent immersion directly into liquid nitrogen, was accomplished within 11min. Stepwise removal of cryoprotectants, after warming in a 38 degrees C water bath, enabled rapid restoration of the TECs. Vitrification did not impair microstructure of the scaffold or cell viability. No significant differences were found between the vitrified and control TECs in cellular metabolic activity and proliferation on matched days and in the trends during 5 weeks of continuous culture postvitrification. Osteogenic differentiation ability in vitrified and control groups was similar. In conclusion, we have developed a time- and cost-efficient cryopreservation method that maintains integrity of the TECs while preserving MSCs viability and metabolic activity, and their ability to differentiate.

Cystine-mediated oxidative defence in Lactobacillus reuteri BR11

Lactobacillus reuteri BR11 possesses an abundant cystine uptake (Cyu) ABC-transporter that was previously found to be involved in a novel mechanism of oxidative defence mediated by cystine. The current study aimed to elucidate this mechanism with a focus on the role of the co-transcribed cystathionine ã-lyase (Cgl). Growth studies of wild-type L. reuteri BR11 and mutants inactivated in cgl and the cystine-binding protein encoding gene cyuC showed that in contrast to the Cyu transporter, whose inactivation led to growth arrest in aerated cultures, Cgl is not crucial for oxidative defence. However, the role of Cgl in oxidative defence became apparent in the presence of severe oxidative damage and cysteine deprivation. Cysteine was found to be protective against oxidative stress, and the action of Cgl in both cysteine biosynthesis and degradation poses a seemingly futile pathway that deprives the intracellular cysteine pool. To further characterise the relationship between Cgl activity and cysteine and their roles in oxidative defence, enzymatic assays were performed on purified Cgl, and intracellular concentrations of cysteine, cystathionine and methionine were determined. Cgl was highly active towards cystine and cystathionine and less active towards cysteine in vitro, suggesting the main function of Cgl to be cysteine biosynthesis. Cysteine was found at high concentrations in the cell, but the levels were not significantly affected by inactivation of cgl or growth under aerobic conditions. It was concluded that both anabolic and catabolic activities of Cgl towards cysteine contribute to oxidative defence, the former by maintaining an intracellular reservoir of thiol analogous to glutathione, and the latter by producing H2S which is readily secreted, thus creating a reducing extracellular environment. The significance of the Cyu transporter to the physiology of L. reuteri BR11 prompted a phylogenetic study to determine its presence in bacteria. Orthologs of the Cyu transporter that are closest matches to the Cyu transporter are only limited to several species of Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc. Outside the Lactobacillales order, the closest matching orthologs belong to Proteobacteria, and there are more orthologs in Proteobacteria than non-Lactobacillales Firmicutes, suggesting that the Cyu transporter locus was present in the ancestor of the Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, and over evolutionary time has been lost or diverged in many Firmicutes. The clustering of the Cyu transporter locus with a gene encoding a Cgl family protein is even rarer. It was only found in L. reuteri, Lactobacillus vaginalis, Weissella paramesenteroides, the Lactobacillus casei group, and several Campylobacter sp. An accompanying phylogenetic study of L. reuteri BR11 using multi-locus sequence analysis showed that L. reuteri BR11 had diverged from more than 100 strains of L. reuteri isolated from various hosts and geographical locations. However, comparison with other Lactobacillus species supported the current classification of BR11 as L. reuteri. The most closely related species to L. reuteri is L. vaginalis or Lactobacillus antri, depending on the housekeeping gene used for analysis. The close evolutionary relationship of L. vaginalis to L. reuteri and the high degree of sequence identity between the cgl-cyuABC loci in both species suggest that the Cyu system is highly likely to perform similar functions in L. vaginalis. In search of other genes that function in oxidative defence, a number of mutants which were inactivated in genes that confer increased resistance to oxidative stress in other bacteria were constructed. The genes targeted were ahpC (peroxidase component of the alkyl hydroperoxide reductase system), tpx (thiol peroxidase), osmC (osmotically induced protein C), mntH (Mn2+/Fe2+ transporter), gshA (ã-glutamylcysteine synthetase) and msrA (methionine sulfoxide reductase). The ahpC and mntH mutants had slightly lower minimum inhibitory concentrations of organic peroxides, suggesting these genes might be involved in resistance to organic peroxides in L. reuteri. However, none of the mutants exhibited growth defects in aerated cultures, in stark contrast to the cyuC mutant. This may be due to compensatory functions of other genes, a hypothesis which cannot be tested until a robust protocol for constructing markerless multiple gene deletion mutants in L. reuteri is developed. These results highlight the importance of the Cyu transporter in oxidative defence and provide a foundation for extending the research of this system in other bacteria.

The effect of olive leaf extract on platelet function

Background Epidemiological studies have shown a reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease in the Mediterranean population attributed to the consumption of dietary olive oil rich in antioxidants. This has lead to increased interest in the antioxidant properties of other phenolic compounds of olive tree products. It has been suggested that olive leaf extract may also have health benefits due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Antioxidants can prevent the effects of oxidative metabolism by scavenging free radicals and decreasing the hyperactivity of platelets associated with the development of occlusive thrombosis. No studies to date have investigated the effects of olive leaf extract on platelet function to our knowledge. Improved understanding of the antioxidant properties of olive leaf extract and its effect on platelet function could lead to improved cardiovascular health. Objective The current study used an olive leaf extract prepared from the Olea europaea L. tree. The aim was to determine if polyphenols in olive leaf extract would reduce platelet activity and, to establish an optimal dose in vitro that would reduce platelet aggregation and ATP release. Design Eleven subjects with normal platelet counts (150–400 x 109/L) were recruited for the current in vitro study. Olive leaf extract was added to citrated whole blood to obtain five concentrations ranging from 5.4 ug/mL to 54.0 ug/mL for a dose response curve. Baseline samples, without olive leaf extract were used as a negative control for each subject. After 2 hours incubation with olive leaf extract samples were analyzed for platelet aggregation and ATP release from platelets stimulated by the addition of collagen. Results Whole blood analysis (n=11) showed a clear dose-dependant reduction in platelet aggregation with the increasing olive leaf extract concentrations (p<0.0001). There was also a similar decrease in ATP release from collagen stimulated platelets (p=0.02). Conclusion In the current study the olive leaf extract obtained from Olea europaea L. inhibited platelet aggregation and ATP release from collagen stimulated platelets in vitro. This study suggests olive leaf extract may prevent occlusive thrombosis by reducing platelet hyperactivity.

Treatment of proximal interphalangeal joint flexion contracture: Combined static and dynamic orthotic intervention compared with other therapy intervention: randomized controlled trial

Purpose To test the effectiveness of static and dynamic orthoses using them as an exclusive treatment for proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint flexion contracture compared with other hand therapy conservative treatments described in the literature. Methods 60 patients who used orthoses were compared with a control group that received other hand therapy treatments. Clinical assessments were measured before the experiment and 3 months after and included active PIP joint extension and function. Results A significant improvement in the extension active range of motion at the PIP joint in the second measurement was found in both groups, but it was significantly greater in the experimental group. Improvement in function (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score) between the first and second assessment was similar in the control and experimental groups. Conclusions Using night progressive static and daily dynamic orthoses as an exclusive treatment during the proliferative phase led to significant improvements in the PIP joint active extension, but the improvement did not correlate with increased function as perceived by the patient.

Contribución de la fuerza y el dolor en la función del paciente con artrosis trapecio metacarpiana. Estudio transversal

Objetivo Establecer una posible relación entre la fuerza (Jamar), el dolor (EVA) y la capacidad funcional referida por el paciente (DASH) determinando en qué grado influyen unas en otras. Estudio observacional transversal analítico. Participantes Muestra de 72 pacientes que presentaban una artrosis trapecio metacarpiana grado 2-3 de Eaton. Los pacientes fueron reclutados cuando acudían a la Unidad de Cirugía de mano. Método Se realizaron mediciones de fuerza de agarre, pinza, valoración del dolor y funcionalidad, y se establecieron las correlaciones entre cada una de ellas. Resultados El modelo más significativo para la función (R2 =0.83) incluye la variable dolor y la fuerza. Pero es la fuerza punta contra punta la que presenta una mayor correlación con el cuestionario DASH (B-estandarizado: –57). Respecto al dolor, influye en todas las mediciones de fuerza realizadas con el dinamómetro, siendo también la fuerza de la pinza punta contra punta la que presenta una mayor correlación. Conclusiones Los hallazgos corroboran que existe una correlación significativa entre la función referida por el paciente y variables que podemos medir en consulta, como la fuerza del puño y la pinza. Pero también esta correlación es significativa entre las variables función y dolor entre sí, pero es la pinza punta contra punta la que presenta una mayor asociación con el cuestionario DASH. Abstract in English Objective To assess the relationship between muscle strength (Jama), and pain (VAS) levels with hand function (DASH) in patients with trapeziometarcapal osteoarthritis. Cross-sectional study. Participants Sample of 72 patients with osteoarthritis stage 2-3 (Eaton) and trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. Patients were recruited when they came to the Hand Surgery Unit. Method Grip strength, pinch, pain and hand function were measured, and correlation and regression coefficients between them were obtained. Results For function, the most significant model (R2 = 0.83) included pain and strength. But it is tip to tip pinch force which has a stronger relationship with DASH (Standardized B: –57) questionnaire. Pain also influenced strength measured with the dynamometer but it was tip to tip pinch force that was the most affected. Conclusions Findings confirm that there is a significant correlation between function referred by the patient and variables that can be measured in the clinic such as grip strength and pinch. The correlation between pain intensity and function was also significant, but tip to tip pinch strength had the greatest impact on the function.

Genome-wide association analysis identifies 11 risk variants associated with the asthma with hay fever phenotype

Background To date, no genome-wide association study (GWAS) has considered the combined phenotype of asthma with hay fever. Previous analyses of family data from the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study provide evidence that this phenotype has a stronger genetic cause than asthma without hay fever. Objective We sought to perform a GWAS of asthma with hay fever to identify variants associated with having both diseases. Methods We performed a meta-analysis of GWASs comparing persons with both physician-diagnosed asthma and hay fever (n = 6,685) with persons with neither disease (n = 14,091). Results At genome-wide significance, we identified 11 independent variants associated with the risk of having asthma with hay fever, including 2 associations reaching this level of significance with allergic disease for the first time: ZBTB10 (rs7009110; odds ratio [OR], 1.14; P = 4 × 10−9) and CLEC16A (rs62026376; OR, 1.17; P = 1 × 10−8). The rs62026376:C allele associated with increased asthma with hay fever risk has been found to be associated also with decreased expression of the nearby DEXI gene in monocytes. The 11 variants were associated with the risk of asthma and hay fever separately, but the estimated associations with the individual phenotypes were weaker than with the combined asthma with hay fever phenotype. A variant near LRRC32 was a stronger risk factor for hay fever than for asthma, whereas the reverse was observed for variants in/near GSDMA and TSLP. Single nucleotide polymorphisms with suggestive evidence for association with asthma with hay fever risk included rs41295115 near IL2RA (OR, 1.28; P = 5 × 10−7) and rs76043829 in TNS1 (OR, 1.23; P = 2 × 10−6). Conclusion By focusing on the combined phenotype of asthma with hay fever, variants associated with the risk of allergic disease can be identified with greater efficiency.

Regeneration ecology and woody species diversity in the remnant natural forest at Wondo Genet, Ethiopia – Potential for landscape restoration

Regeneration ecology, diversity of native woody species and its potential for landscape restoration was studied in the remnant natural forest at the College of Forestry and Natural Resources at Wondo Genet, Ethiopia. The type of forest is Afromontane rainforest , with many valuable tree species like Aningeria adolfi-friederici, and it is an important provider of ecological, social and economical services for the population that lives in this area. The study contains two parts, natural regeneration studies (at the natural forest) and interviews with farmers in the nearby village of the remnant patch. The objective of the first part was to investigate the floristic composition, densitiy and regeneration profiles of native woody species in the forest, paying special attention to woody species that are considered the most relevant (socio-economic). The second part provided information on woody species preferred by the farmers and on multiple uses of the adjacent natural forest, it also provided information and analysed perceptions on forest degradation. Systematic plot sampling was used in the forest inventory. Twenty square plots of 20 x 20 m were assessed, with 38 identified woody species (the total number of species was 45), representing 26 families. Of these species 61% were trees, 13% shrubs, 11% lianas and 16% species that could have both life forms. An analysis of natural regeneration of five important tree species in the natural forest showed that Aningeria adolfi-friederici had the best regeneration results. An analysis of population structure (as determined by height classes) of two commercially important woody species in the forest, Aningeria adolfi-friederici and Podocarpus falcatus, showed a marked difference: Aningeria had a typical “reversed J” frequency distribution, while Podocarpus showed very low values in all height classes. Multi dimensional scaling (MDS) was used to map the sample plots according to their similarity in species composition, using the Sørensen quantitative index, coupled with indicator species analysis .Three groups were identified with respective indicator species: Group 1 – Adhatoda schimperiana, Group 2 – Olea hochstetteri , Group 3 – Acacia senegal and Aningeria adolfi-friederici. Thirty questionnaire interviews were conducted with farmers in the village of Gotu Onoma that use the nearby remant forest patch. Their tree preferences were exotic species such as Eucalyptus globulus for construction and fuelwood and Grevillea robusta for shade and fertility. Considering forest land degradation farmers were aware of the problem and suggested that the governmental institutions address the problem by planting more Eucalyptus globulus. The natural forest seemed to have moderate levels of disturbance and it was still floristically diverse. However, the low rate of natural regeneration of Podocarpus falcatus suggested that this species is threatened and must be a priority in conservation actions. Plantations and agroforestry seem to be possible solutions for rehabilitation of the surrounding degraded lands, thereby decreasing the existent pressure in the remnant natural forest.

Content of zinc, iron and their absorption inhibitors in Nicaraguan common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

Protein-energy malnutrition and mineral deficiencies are two of the three forms of nutritional deficiencies that affect most developing countries due to inadequate access to food and diets based on a sole crop. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the staple crop of Nicaragua and it has the potential to improve the nutritional status of the poorest group of the nation. Its high content of both protein and nonhaem iron provides many nutrients, but inhibitors also may prevent absorption of iron and zinc by the human consumer. A proper production chain must be followed to ensure the best grain quality for the consumer. To achieve food security, both production and high nutritional content must be maintained. Four nationally important accessions of common bean, with different harvesting dates, were selected to be submitted to two treatments: to evaluate the impact of storage conditions on the end quality of the grain. The duration of the study was six months with sampling every six weeks, and the two treatments were controlled one stored at 40°C and 75 RH %, and the other was stored in in-situ conditions. Proximate and mineral composition was evaluated as well as tannin, phytate and bioavailability. Significant differences among different accessions were found, being the most significant in protein, Fe and Zn content, tannins and phytate. Protein values ranged from 21-23%. Iron content was 61-81 mg/kg but only 3-4% was bioavailable. Zinc content was 21-25 mg/kg and 10-12% was bioavailable. The concentration of phytate ranged from 8.6-9.6 mg/g while tannin values ranged within 37.7-43.8 mg/g. Storage at high temperatures was demonstrated to have an impact on certain nutritional compounds and proved detrimental to final grain quality. Soluble sugar content and tannin content decreased after six months in both storage conditions, IDF decreased in the in-situ and SDF in the stress. The iron content and bioavailability in INTA Biofortificado were not as outstanding as expected, so experiments should be conducted to compare its iron uptake and delivery with other cultivars.

Parasitoides de huevos de Dalbulus maidis (Delong y wolcott) (Homoptera: cicadellidae en el cultivo del maíz (Zea mays) en el departamento de Managua, Nicaragua

En postrera de 1989 se sembraron tres variedades de maíz (NB6, NB12 y H-5) en el Centro Experimental "Humberto Tapia" (Dpto. Managua), con los objetivos de determinar la existencia de parasitoides de huevos de Dalbulus maidis, el porcentaje de parasitismo de las especies en relación con las variedades y su comportamiento a través del desarrollo de la planta. Se determinó la incidencia de oviposición de D. maidis en las variedades, así como en las etapas del cultivo, y se determinó la abundancia por planta de D. maidis en las variedades, así como su dinámica poblacional a través del tiempo. Se encontraron tres parasitoides de huevos de D. maidis: Anagrus sp, Abella sp y un Hymenoptera parasítica sin identificar. El parasitoide Anagrus sp fue el de mayor porcentaje de parasitismo con 41 %, le sigue Abella sp con 37% y el parasitoide no identificado presentó un promedio de 4%. Los parasitoides parasitan los huevos de D. maidis en cualquiera de las variedades. Existen diferencias significativas de parasitismo en el tiempo, variando a medida que avanza el tiempo, encontrándose porcentajes bajos en las primeras fechas de recuento con 16 % a los 10 dde y en la última fecha de recuento con 47% manteniendo alto el porcentaje de parasitismo a los 24, 31, 38, dde con valores de 90%, 98% y 98% respectivamente. El número de huevos ovipositados por m2 de hoja para las tres variedades fue estadísticamente similar. La chicharrita no mostró preferencia de oviposición por alguna variedad en particular pero la oviposición en términos de No de huevos por m2 varió grandemente en las diferentes fechas de recuento. D. maidis no mostró preferencia por habitar una determinada variedad, el número de D. maidis /planta no registró diferencias significativas para variedad Las poblaciones de D. maidis varían a medida que el tiempo avanza pero decrecen en los últimos recuentos. Tanto el tamaño de parcela, como el reducido número de huevos de donde provienen las estimaciones de las tasas de parasitismo limitan la confiabilidad de los resultados, por lo que se recomienda aumentar el tamaño de las parcelas y la cantidad de follaje por muestra. Es necesario repetir este experimento incluyendo otras apocas, mas localidades y parcelas con y sin insecticidas para establecer la distribución, dinámica poblacional y efectos sobre el rendimiento de estos parasitoides.

Estudios de Historia de España, 1990, vol. 3 (número completo)

Contenido: Formas de la caridad en la España visigoda / Raquel Homet – Los desplazamientos de la corte castellana. Notas para su estudio / María Estela González de Fauve ; Norah B. Ramos ; Patricia de Forteza – Carácter socioeconómico de los juegos y entretenimientos en Castilla. Siglos XIII al XV / María Marcela Mantel – La corrupción en la función pública. Castilla siglo XV / María del Carmen Carlé – Huertas en el siglo XVI. Estructura, características, producción / María Cristina Longinotti – La escuela primaria: vanguardia del pensamiento de Lorenzo Luzuriaga / Teresa María Dabusti – La Gaceta de Madrid. Fuente para el estudio de la reforma agraria / Cayetano Espejo Marín – Documento: Prisión por herir una figura de Cristo (año 1463) – Traducción: Réplicas de los embajadores franceses a las respuestas dadas a sus peticiones por el rey de Castilla (1450), por el “Equipo de traducción y comentario de textos latinos medievales” – Reseñas bibliográficas

Diagnostico del estado de aplicación de buenas prácticas agrícolas en una unidad de producción de guayaba (Psidium guajava L), del departamento de Granada, Nicaragua

El diagnóstico se realizó entre el 16 de Septiembre de 2005 y 19 de Marzo de 2007, sobre la aplicación de Buenas Prácticas Agrícolas (BPA) en la finca San Jacobo en el Municipio de Granada, Nicaragua. Para este estudio se utilizó el formato oficial que el Ministerio Agropecuario y Forestal (MAGFOR) emplea para este tipo de diagnostico. Dicho instrumento contiene 15 secciones y por cada sección un número variable de preguntas. Este instrumento esta diseñado para determinar la situación actual de cada una de las unidades de producción en lo relativo al cumplimiento de los requisitos mínimos obligatorios establecidos por el estado nicaragüense para otorgar una certificación de BPA. Una vez levantada la información se hizo una verificación in situ de la misma al observar directamente las condiciones en la finca San Jacobo. Una vez levantada y verificada está información, se procedió a procesar la información, tabulando la misma y estableciendo el grado (%) de cumplimiento por cada sección, así como el cumplimiento promedio de cada sección. La finca San Jacobo obtuvo un puntaje de 71 puntos para un porcentaje de cumplimiento de 19 % no llegando a alcanzar el mínimo requerido (80 %) establecido para otorgar la certificación BPA. En general, el encargado de la finca tiene poca capacitación técnica y conocimientos para la implementación de las BPA. Se recomienda capacitar a dueños y trabajadores acerca de las buenas prácticas agrícolas (BPA), agrotecnia del cultivo y manejo integrado de plagas (MIP). Diseñar un plan de trabajo para superar todas las deficiencias encontradas y a su vez que refleja las acciones a realizar y el tiempo de realización de estas. Establecer un sistema de registro que sea verificable y permita la trazabilidad. Se recomienda la Realización de un manual operacional de BPA para poder corregir las deficiencias encontradas en la finca San Jacobo.

Embriogenesis somatica en reproduccion in vitro del cultivo de piña (Ananas comosus L. Merr) cultivar MD-2

La piña es reconocida como una de las frutas más finas de las re giones tropicales y se denomina la reina de todas las frutas. En Nicaragua se consume principalmente como frut a fresca, refresco y otros productos derivados de la industrialización de la piña. Para el estudio de embriogénesis somática en piña cultivar MD - 2 se realizaron diferentes variantes de medios de cultivo en las fases de inducción, multiplicación, formación de plantas , enraizamiento y aclimatación de plantas. En la fase de inducción de callo s con el empleo de explante s de hojas no se produjo iniciación de callos, pero con explantes de ápices meristemáticos se obtuvieron los mejores resultados en los medios qu e contenían 1 mg/l de 2,4 - D y 0 y 0.2 mg/l 6 - B encil - amino - purina . La multiplicación de callos fue mejor en los medios de cultivos que se le suministraron 2 mg/l de Ácido Indolacético y 1.8 mg/l de A cido - naftaleno - acético con agua de coco al 1 5% y 400 mg/ l de carbón activado . La formaci ón de pla n tas se favoreció en el medio de cultivo que contenía 0.38 mg/l de Ácido Indolbutírico y dos mg/l de 6 - Bencil - Amino - Purina. En l a fase de enraizamiento de las plantas resultó ser mejor el medio de cultivo que con tenía 0.5 mg/l de Ácido Indolacé tico y 40 g/l de sacarosa . En la fase de aclimat iz ación de plantas los medios que previamente se desarrollaron en las cinco variantes de medios en la fase de en raizamiento presentaron los mejores resultados con respecto al po rcen taje de sobrevivencia.

Anteproyecto de organización y gestión de la oficina de gestión judicial de la circunscripción judicial Nº 3

Resumen: A partir de la vigencia del nuevo Código Procesal Penal de la Provincia, y la consecuente reforma de la estructura, organización y funciones tanto del fuero penal como los Ministerios Públicos de la acusación y defensa, en este trabajo se describe el organigrama básico de una oficina de gestión judicial, sus diferentes áreas y funciones principales, los aspectos presupuestarios, la infraestructura, el personal y los recursos tecnológicos necesarios para su eficaz desenvolvimiento.