Double-Electron Above-Threshold Ionization Resonances as Interference Phenomena

We report calculations of double ionization energy spectra and momentum distributions of laser-driven helium due to few-cycle pulses of wavelength 195 nm. The results are obtained from full-dimensional numerical integration of the two electron time-dependent Schr¨odinger equation. A momentum-space analysis of doubly ionizing wavepackets shows that the concentric-ring structure of above-threshold double ionization, together with the associated structure of peaks in the total kinetic energy spectrum, may be attributed to wavepacket interference effects, where at least two doubly-ionizing wavepackets from different recollision events populate the same spatial hemisphere.

Physical Models of Wind Instruments : A Generalized Excitation Coupled with a Modular Tube Simulation Platform

To develop real-time simulations of wind instruments, digital waveguides filters can be used as an efficient representation of the air column. Many aerophones are shaped as horns which can be approximated using conical sections. Therefore the derivation of conical waveguide filters is of special interest. When these filters are used in combination with a generalized reed excitation, several classes of wind instruments can be simulated. In this paper we present the methods for transforming a continuous description of conical tube segments to a discrete filter representation. The coupling of the reed model with the conical waveguide and a simplified model of the termination at the open end are described in the same way. It turns out that the complete lossless conical waveguide requires only one type of filter.Furthermore, we developed a digital reed excitation model, which is purely based on numerical integration methods, i.e., without the use of a look-up table.

Superluminal electromagnetic solitary waves in electron-positron plasmas

The propagation of an electromagnetic wave packet in an electron-positron plasma, in the form of coupled localized electromagnetic excitations, is investigated, from first principles. By means of the Poincare section method, a special class of superluminal localized nonlinear stationary solutions, existing along a separatrix curve, are proposed as intrinsic electromagnetic modes in a relativistic electron-positron plasma. The ratio of the envelope time scale to the carrier wave time scale of these envelope solitary waves critically depends on the carrier's phase velocity. In the strongly superluminal regime, v(ph)/c >> 1, the large difference between the envelope and carrier time scales enables us to carry out a multiscale perturbative analysis resulting in an analytical form of the solution envelope. The analytical prediction thus obtained is shown to be in agreement with the solution obtained via a direct numerical integration. Copyright (c) EPLA, 2012

Vibration based seismic damage identification procedure for a steel concentrically braced frame structure

An approach for seismic damage identification of a single-storey steel concentrically braced frame (CBF) structure is presented through filtering and double integration of a recorded acceleration signal. A band-pass filter removes noise from the acceleration signal followed by baseline correction being used to reduce the drift in velocity and displacement during numerical integration. The pre-processing achieves reliable numerical integration that predicts the displacement response accurately when compared to the measured lateral in-plane displacement of the CBF structure. The lateral displacement of the CBF structure is used to infer buckling and yielding of bracing members through seismic tests. The level of interstorey drift of the CBF during a seismic excitation allows the yield and buckling of the bracing members to be identified and indirectly detects damage based on exceedance of calculated displacement limits. The calculated buckling and yielding displacement threshold limits used to identify damage are demonstrated to accurately identify initial buckling and yielding in the bracing members.

Applications of the generalized Langevin equation: Towards a realistic description of the baths

The generalized Langevin equation (GLE) method, as developed previously [L. Stella et al., Phys. Rev. B 89, 134303 (2014)], is used to calculate the dissipative dynamics of systems described at the atomic level. The GLE scheme goes beyond the commonly used bilinear coupling between the central system and the bath, and permits us to have a realistic description of both the dissipative central system and its surrounding bath. We show how to obtain the vibrational properties of a realistic bath and how to convey such properties into an extended Langevin dynamics by the use of the mapping of the bath vibrational properties onto a set of auxiliary variables. Our calculations for a model of a Lennard-Jones solid show that our GLE scheme provides a stable dynamics, with the dissipative/relaxation processes properly described. The total kinetic energy of the central system always thermalizes toward the expected bath temperature, with appropriate fluctuation around the mean value. More importantly, we obtain a velocity distribution for the individual atoms in the central system which follows the expected canonical distribution at the corresponding temperature. This confirms that both our GLE scheme and our mapping procedure onto an extended Langevin dynamics provide the correct thermostat. We also examined the velocity autocorrelation functions and compare our results with more conventional Langevin dynamics.

Thermodynamic Properties of Dichloromethane, Bromochloromethane, and Dibromomethane under Elevated Pressure: Experimental Results and SAFT-VR Mie Predictions

The speeds of sound in dibromomethane, bromochloromethane, and dichloromethane have been measured in the temperature range from 293.15 to 313.15 K and at pressures up to 100 MPa. Densities and isobaric heat capacities at atmospheric pressure have been also determined. Experimental results were used to calculate the densities and isobaric heat capacities as the function of temperature and pressure by means of a numerical integration technique. Moreover, experimental data at atmospheric pressure were then used to determine the SAFT-VR Mie molecular parameters for these liquids. The accuracy of the model has been then evaluated using a comparison of derived experimental high-pressure data with those predicted using SAFT. It was found that the model provide the possibility to predict also the isobaric heat capacity of all selected haloalkanes within an error up to 6%.

Seismic damage detection for a steel braced frame structure

A new approach for global detection of seismic damage in a single-storey steel concentrically braced frame (CBF) structure is presented. The filtered lateral in-plane acceleration response of the CBF structure is integrated twice to provide the lateral in-plane displacement which is used to infer buckling and yielding damage. The level of interstorey drift of the CBF during a seismic excitation allows the yield and buckling of the bracing members to be identified and indirectly detects damage based on exceedance of calculated lateral in-plane displacement limits. A band-pass filter removes noise from the acceleration signal followed by baseline correction being used to reduce the drift in velocity and displacement during numerical integration. This pre-processing results in reliable numerical integration of the frame acceleration that predicts the displacement response accurately when compared to the measured lateral displacement of the CBF structure. Importantly, the structural damage is not assumed through removal of bracing members, rather damage is induced through actual seismic loading. The buckling and yielding displacement threshold limits used to identify damage are demonstrated to accurately identify the initiation of buckling and yielding.

An overview of seismic hybrid testing of engineering structures

An overview of research on the development of the hybrid test method is presented. The maturity of the hybrid test method is mapped in order to provide context to individual research in the overall development of the test method. In the pseudo dynamic (PsD) test method, the equations of motion are solved using a time stepping numerical integration technique with the inertia and damping being numerically modelled whilst restoring force is physically measured over an extended timescale. Developments in continuous PsD testing led to the real-time hybrid test method and geographically distributed hybrid tests. A key aspect to the efficiency of hybrid testing is the substructuring technique where the critical structural subassemblies that are fundamental to the overall response of the structure are physically tested whilst the remainder of the structure whose response can be more easily predicted is numerically modelled. Much of the early research focused on developing the accuracy and efficiency of the test method, whereas more recently the method has matured to a level where the test method is applied purely as a dynamic testing technique. Developments in numerical integration methods, substructuring, experimental error reduction, delay compensation and speed of testing have led to a test method now in use as full-scale real-time dynamic testing method that is reliable, accurate, efficient and cost effective.

Sistema de multiprocessamento para simulação de N-corpos em FPGA

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia de Electrónica e Telecomunicações

Identificação modal e simulação da resposta sísmica de barragens abóbada

Trabalho Final de Mestrado elaborado no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil pelo Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa no âmbito do protocolo de cooperação ente o ISEL e o LNEC

Formules de quadrature pour les fonctions entières de type exponentiel

Ce mémoire contient quelques résultats sur l'intégration numérique. Ils sont liés à la célèbre formule de quadrature de K. F. Gauss. Une généralisation très intéressante de la formule de Gauss a été obtenue par P. Turán. Elle est contenue dans son article publié en 1948, seulement quelques années après la seconde guerre mondiale. Étant données les circonstances défavorables dans lesquelles il se trouvait à l'époque, l'auteur (Turán) a laissé beaucoup de détails à remplir par le lecteur. Par ailleurs, l'article de Turán a inspiré une multitude de recherches; sa formule a été étendue de di érentes manières et plusieurs articles ont été publiés sur ce sujet. Toutefois, il n'existe aucun livre ni article qui contiennent un compte-rendu détaillé des résultats de base, relatifs à la formule de Turán. Je voudrais donc que mon mémoire comporte su samment de détails qui puissent éclairer le lecteur tout en présentant un exposé de ce qui a été fait sur ce sujet. Voici comment nous avons organisé le contenu de ce mémoire. 1-a. La formule de Gauss originale pour les polynômes - L'énoncé ainsi qu'une preuve. 1-b. Le point de vue de Turán - Compte-rendu détaillé des résultats de son article. 2-a. Une formule pour les polynômes trigonométriques analogue à celle de Gauss. 2-b. Une formule pour les polynômes trigonométriques analogue à celle de Turán. 3-a. Deux formules pour les fonctions entières de type exponentiel, analogues à celle de Gauss pour les polynômes. 3-b. Une formule pour les fonctions entières de type exponentiel, analogue à celle de Turán. 4-a. Annexe A - Notions de base sur les polynômes de Legendre. 4-b. Annexe B - Interpolation polynomiale. 4-c. Annexe C - Notions de base sur les fonctions entières de type exponentiel. 4-d. Annexe D - L'article de P. Turán.

Special functions of Weyl groups and their continuous and discrete orthogonality

Cette thèse s'intéresse à l'étude des propriétés et applications de quatre familles des fonctions spéciales associées aux groupes de Weyl et dénotées $C$, $S$, $S^s$ et $S^l$. Ces fonctions peuvent être vues comme des généralisations des polynômes de Tchebyshev. Elles sont en lien avec des polynômes orthogonaux à plusieurs variables associés aux algèbres de Lie simples, par exemple les polynômes de Jacobi et de Macdonald. Elles ont plusieurs propriétés remarquables, dont l'orthogonalité continue et discrète. En particulier, il est prouvé dans la présente thèse que les fonctions $S^s$ et $S^l$ caractérisées par certains paramètres sont mutuellement orthogonales par rapport à une mesure discrète. Leur orthogonalité discrète permet de déduire deux types de transformées discrètes analogues aux transformées de Fourier pour chaque algèbre de Lie simple avec racines des longueurs différentes. Comme les polynômes de Tchebyshev, ces quatre familles des fonctions ont des applications en analyse numérique. On obtient dans cette thèse quelques formules de <>, pour des fonctions de plusieurs variables, en liaison avec les fonctions $C$, $S^s$ et $S^l$. On fournit également une description complète des transformées en cosinus discrètes de types V--VIII à $n$ dimensions en employant les fonctions spéciales associées aux algèbres de Lie simples $B_n$ et $C_n$, appelées cosinus antisymétriques et symétriques. Enfin, on étudie quatre familles de polynômes orthogonaux à plusieurs variables, analogues aux polynômes de Tchebyshev, introduits en utilisant les cosinus (anti)symétriques.

Une approche fréquentielle pratique pour l'échantillonnage adaptatif en espace image

En synthèse d'images réalistes, l'intensité finale d'un pixel est calculée en estimant une intégrale de rendu multi-dimensionnelle. Une large portion de la recherche menée dans ce domaine cherche à trouver de nouvelles techniques afin de réduire le coût de calcul du rendu tout en préservant la fidelité et l'exactitude des images résultantes. En tentant de réduire les coûts de calcul afin d'approcher le rendu en temps réel, certains effets réalistes complexes sont souvent laissés de côté ou remplacés par des astuces ingénieuses mais mathématiquement incorrectes. Afin d'accélerer le rendu, plusieurs avenues de travail ont soit adressé directement le calcul de pixels individuels en améliorant les routines d'intégration numérique sous-jacentes; ou ont cherché à amortir le coût par région d'image en utilisant des méthodes adaptatives basées sur des modèles prédictifs du transport de la lumière. L'objectif de ce mémoire, et de l'article résultant, est de se baser sur une méthode de ce dernier type[Durand2005], et de faire progresser la recherche dans le domaine du rendu réaliste adaptatif rapide utilisant une analyse du transport de la lumière basée sur la théorie de Fourier afin de guider et prioriser le lancer de rayons. Nous proposons une approche d'échantillonnage et de reconstruction adaptative pour le rendu de scènes animées illuminées par cartes d'environnement, permettant la reconstruction d'effets tels que les ombres et les réflexions de tous les niveaux fréquentiels, tout en préservant la cohérence temporelle.

Intrinsic channel closing in strong-field single ionization of H2

Die Ionisation von H2 in intensiven Laserpulsen wird mit Hilfe der numerischen Integration der zeitabhängigen Schrödingergleichung für ein Einelektronenmodell untersucht, das die Vibrationsbewegung berücksichtigt. Die Spektren der kinetischen Elektronenenergie hängen stark von der Vibrationsquantenzahl des erzeugten H2+ Ions ab. Für bestimmte Vibrationszustände ist die Ausbeute der Elektronen in der Mitte des Plateaus stark erhöht. Der Effekt wird "channel closings" zugeschrieben, die in Atomen durch Variation der Laserintensität beobachtet wurden. The ionization of H2 in intense laser pulses is studied by numerical integration of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for a single-active-electron model including the vibrational motion. The electron kinetic energy spectra in high-order above-threshold ionization are strongly dependent on the vibrational quantum number of the created H2+ ion. For certain vibrational states, the electron yield in the mid-plateau region is strongly enhanced. The effect is attributed to channel closings, which were previously observed in atoms by varying the laser intensity.

The Wheal Jane wetlands model for bioremediation of acid mine drainage

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a widespread environmental problem associated with both working and abandoned mining operations. As part of an overall strategy to determine a long-term treatment option for AMD, a pilot passive treatment plant was constructed in 1994 at Wheal Jane Mine in Cornwall, UK. The plant consists of three separate systems, each containing aerobic reed beds, anaerobic cell and rock filters, and represents the largest European experimental facility of its kind. The systems only differ by the type of pretreatment utilised to increase the pH of the influent minewater (pH <4): lime dosed (LD), anoxic limestone drain (ALD) and lime free (LF), which receives no form of pretreatment. Historical data (1994-1997) indicate median Fe reduction between 55% and 92%, sulphate removal in the range of 3-38% and removal of target metals (cadmium, copper and zinc) below detection limits, depending on pretreatment and flow rates through the system. A new model to simulate the processes and dynamics of the wetlands systems is described, as well as the application of the model to experimental data collected at the pilot plant. The model is process based, and utilises reaction kinetic approaches based on experimental microbial techniques rather than an equilibrium approach to metal precipitation. The model is dynamic and utilises numerical integration routines to solve a set of differential equations that describe the behaviour of 20 variables over the 17 pilot plant cells on a daily basis. The model outputs at each cell boundary are evaluated and compared with the measured data, and the model is demonstrated to provide a good representation of the complex behaviour of the wetland system for a wide range of variables. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V/ All rights reserved.