926 resultados para Number Theory
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The purpose of this thesis is to investigate some open problems in the area of combinatorial number theory referred to as zero-sum theory. A zero-sequence in a finite cyclic group G is said to have the basic property if it is equivalent under group automorphism to one which has sum precisely IGI when this sum is viewed as an integer. This thesis investigates two major problems, the first of which is referred to as the basic pair problem. This problem seeks to determine conditions for which every zero-sequence of a given length in a finite abelian group has the basic property. We resolve an open problem regarding basic pairs in cyclic groups by demonstrating that every sequence of length four in Zp has the basic property, and we conjecture on the complete solution of this problem. The second problem is a 1988 conjecture of Kleitman and Lemke, part of which claims that every sequence of length n in Zn has a subsequence with the basic property. If one considers the special case where n is an odd integer we believe this conjecture to hold true. We verify this is the case for all prime integers less than 40, and all odd integers less than 26. In addition, we resolve the Kleitman-Lemke conjecture for general n in the negative. That is, we demonstrate a sequence in any finite abelian group isomorphic to Z2p (for p ~ 11 a prime) containing no subsequence with the basic property. These results, as well as the results found along the way, contribute to many other problems in zero-sum theory.
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Le sujet principal de cette thèse est la distribution des nombres premiers dans les progressions arithmétiques, c'est-à-dire des nombres premiers de la forme $qn+a$, avec $a$ et $q$ des entiers fixés et $n=1,2,3,\dots$ La thèse porte aussi sur la comparaison de différentes suites arithmétiques par rapport à leur comportement dans les progressions arithmétiques. Elle est divisée en quatre chapitres et contient trois articles.
Le premier chapitre est une invitation à la théorie analytique des nombres, suivie d'une revue des outils qui seront utilisés plus tard. Cette introduction comporte aussi certains résultats de recherche, que nous avons cru bon d'inclure au fil du texte.
Le deuxième chapitre contient l'article \emph{Inequities in the Shanks-Rényi prime number
race: an asymptotic formula for the densities}, qui est le fruit de recherche conjointe avec le professeur Greg Martin. Le but de cet article est d'étudier un phénomène appelé le <
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Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal
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Réalisé en cotutelle avec l'Université Paris-Diderot.
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We show that the locally free class group of an order in a semisimple algebra over a number field is isomorphic to a certain ray class group. This description is then used to present an algorithm that computes the locally free class group. The algorithm is implemented in MAGMA for the case where the algebra is a group ring over the rational numbers.
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Let E be a number field and G be a finite group. Let A be any O_E-order of full rank in the group algebra E[G] and X be a (left) A-lattice. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for X to be free of given rank d over A. In the case that the Wedderburn decomposition E[G] \cong \oplus_xM_x is explicitly computable and each M_x is in fact a matrix ring over a field, this leads to an algorithm that either gives elements \alpha_1,...,\alpha_d \in X such that X = A\alpha_1 \oplus ... \oplusA\alpha_d or determines that no such elements exist. Let L/K be a finite Galois extension of number fields with Galois group G such that E is a subfield of K and put d = [K : E]. The algorithm can be applied to certain Galois modules that arise naturally in this situation. For example, one can take X to be O_L, the ring of algebraic integers of L, and A to be the associated order A(E[G];O_L) \subseteq E[G]. The application of the algorithm to this special situation is implemented in Magma under certain extra hypotheses when K = E = \IQ.
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Exercises and solutions in LaTex