Fractionating the unitary notion of dissociation:disembodied but not embodied dissociative experiences are associated with exocentric perspective-taking

It has been argued that hallucinations which appear to involve shifts in egocentric perspective (e.g., the out-of-body experience, OBE) reflect specific biases in exocentric perspective-taking processes. Via a newly devised perspective-taking task, we examined whether such biases in perspective-taking were present in relation to specific dissociative anomalous body experiences (ABE) - namely the OBE. Participants also completed the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale (CDS; Sierra and Berrios, 2000) which provided measures of additional embodied ABE (unreality of self) and measures of derealization (unreality of surroundings). There were no reliable differences in the level of ABE, emotional numbing, and anomalies in sensory recall reported between the OBE and control group as measured by the corresponding CDS subscales. In contrast, the OBE group did provide significantly elevated measures of derealization ("alienation from surroundings" CDS subscale) relative to the control group. At the same time we also found that the OBE group was significantly more efficient at completing all aspects of the perspective-taking task relative to controls. Collectively, the current findings support fractionating the typically unitary notion of dissociation by proposing a distinction between embodied dissociative experiences and disembodied dissociative experiences - with only the latter being associated with exocentric perspective-taking mechanisms. Our findings - obtained with an ecologically valid task and a homogeneous OBE group - also call for a re-evaluation of the relationship between OBEs and perspective-taking in terms of facilitated disembodied experiences. © 2013 Braithwaite, James, Dewe, Takahashi, Medford and Kessler.

The Notion of Model in Software Engineering

Милослав A. Средков - Понятията модел и моделиране се използват толкова интензивно в много дисциплини, че е трудно да им се придаде конретно значение. Дори в Софтуерните технологии, разбирането на тези понятия силно зависи от контекста. Ние смятаме, че това допринася за неконсистентността между подходите за моделиране там. В тази статия посочваме някои от произтичащите проблеми, както и важността да има подходяща дефиниция, съчетана с подходящи инструменти. Преглеждаме по-общите дефиниции на модел отвъд границите на Софтуерните технологии. Минаваме през моделирането на различни вторични продукти на процесите от Софтуерните технологии. Накрая представяме нашата визия относно използването на такава обща основа за наша полза.

A large study on the effect of code obfuscation on the quality of java code

Context: Obfuscation is a common technique used to protect software against mali- cious reverse engineering. Obfuscators manipulate the source code to make it harder to analyze and more difficult to understand for the attacker. Although different ob- fuscation algorithms and implementations are available, they have never been directly compared in a large scale study. Aim: This paper aims at evaluating and quantifying the effect of several different obfuscation implementations (both open source and commercial), to help developers and project manager to decide which one could be adopted. Method: In this study we applied 44 obfuscations to 18 subject applications covering a total of 4 millions lines of code. The effectiveness of these source code obfuscations has been measured using 10 code metrics, considering modularity, size and complexity of code. Results: Results show that some of the considered obfuscations are effective in mak- ing code metrics change substantially from original to obfuscated code, although this change (called potency of the obfuscation) is different on different metrics. In the pa- per we recommend which obfuscations to select, given the security requirements of the software to be protected.

Functions of code-switching in multilingual student community

Dissertação de Mestrado, Ciências da Linguagem, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, 2013

Feeling existentially touched - A phenomenological notion of the well-being of elderly living in special housing accommodation from the perspective of care professionals

This article presents a phenomenological analysis of interview material, in which 12 care professionals in elderly care reflect on the elderly's well-being within the frame of special housing accommodation. The perspective of the care professionals is of special interest. The findings show that the well-being is characterized as the elderly's feelings of being existentially touched. The well-being is an existential experience of being acknowledged as a human being and is an approach that classifies the elderly's needs as those of having, loving, and being. The meaning of the phenomenon is elucidated by the constituents: (1) to feel the freedom of choice, (2) to feel pleasure, and (3) to feel closeness to someone or something. The findings contribute new understanding of well-being in the elderly care by its existential dimension of the well-being as "just being'' and of doing things in order to experience meaningfulness. Accordingly, the well-being of the elderly as it is seen from the perspective of the care professionals involves both carers' subjectivity and intersubjectivity between the care professional and the elderly. An implication for promoting elderly's well-being is to develop awareness of these existential dimensions.

The Notion of the “Concept Instance”: Problems in Modeling Concept Change in SKOS

The U.S. National Science Foundation metadata registry under development for the National Science Digital Library (NSDL) is a repertory intended to manage both metadata schemes and schemas. The focus of this draft discussion paper is on the scheme side of the development work. In particular, the concern of the discussion paper is with issues around the creation of historical snapshots of concept changes and their encoding in SKOS. Through framing the problem as we see it, we hope to find an optimal solution to our need for a SKOS encoding of these snapshots. Since what we are seeking to model is concept change, it is necessary at the outset to make it clear that we are not talking about changes to a concept of such a nature that would require the declaration a new concept with its own URI.In the project, we avoid the use of the terms “version” and “versioning” with regard to changes in concepts and reserve their use to the significant changes of schemes as a whole. Significant changes triggering a new scheme version might include changes in scheme documentation that express a significant shift in the purpose, use or architecture of the scheme. We use the term “snapshot” to denote the state of a scheme at identifiable points in time. Thus, snapshots are identifiable views of a scheme that record the incremental changes that have occurred to concepts, relationships among concepts, and scheme documentation since the last snapshot. Aspects of concept change occur that we need to capture and make available both through the registry and through potentially in transmission of a scheme to other registries. We call these capturings “concept instances.”

De los Códigos a los Repertorios : Algunos atavismos persistentes acerca de la cultura y una propuesta de reformulación

Los debates antropológicos en torno del concepto de cultura han suscitado una serie de refinamientos que supusieron una revitalización y una reconstrucción de esta noción central para las ciencias sociales. Sin embargo, en virtud del peso sedimentado de una doble tradición de raigambre gramática y jurídica, varios de los atributos puestos en cuestión por la crítica antropológica persisten en la ubicua noción de "código", que reintroduce de contrabando una versión anacrónica del concepto de cultura con efectos deletéreos para la investigación en ciencias sociales. Sobre esa base, el presente texto busca mostrar en qué circunstancias, por qué causas y de qué manera esta pervivencia del concepto clásico de cultura subsiste en la antropología contemporánea, al tiempo que propone el reemplazo de esta atávica noción de código por medio de un aparato conceptual y un léxico analítico-descriptivo que busca hacer justicia a los resultados acumulados de tres décadas de debate

De los Códigos a los Repertorios : Algunos atavismos persistentes acerca de la cultura y una propuesta de reformulación

Los debates antropológicos en torno del concepto de cultura han suscitado una serie de refinamientos que supusieron una revitalización y una reconstrucción de esta noción central para las ciencias sociales. Sin embargo, en virtud del peso sedimentado de una doble tradición de raigambre gramática y jurídica, varios de los atributos puestos en cuestión por la crítica antropológica persisten en la ubicua noción de "código", que reintroduce de contrabando una versión anacrónica del concepto de cultura con efectos deletéreos para la investigación en ciencias sociales. Sobre esa base, el presente texto busca mostrar en qué circunstancias, por qué causas y de qué manera esta pervivencia del concepto clásico de cultura subsiste en la antropología contemporánea, al tiempo que propone el reemplazo de esta atávica noción de código por medio de un aparato conceptual y un léxico analítico-descriptivo que busca hacer justicia a los resultados acumulados de tres décadas de debate

De los Códigos a los Repertorios : Algunos atavismos persistentes acerca de la cultura y una propuesta de reformulación

Los debates antropológicos en torno del concepto de cultura han suscitado una serie de refinamientos que supusieron una revitalización y una reconstrucción de esta noción central para las ciencias sociales. Sin embargo, en virtud del peso sedimentado de una doble tradición de raigambre gramática y jurídica, varios de los atributos puestos en cuestión por la crítica antropológica persisten en la ubicua noción de "código", que reintroduce de contrabando una versión anacrónica del concepto de cultura con efectos deletéreos para la investigación en ciencias sociales. Sobre esa base, el presente texto busca mostrar en qué circunstancias, por qué causas y de qué manera esta pervivencia del concepto clásico de cultura subsiste en la antropología contemporánea, al tiempo que propone el reemplazo de esta atávica noción de código por medio de un aparato conceptual y un léxico analítico-descriptivo que busca hacer justicia a los resultados acumulados de tres décadas de debate

The complexity of certain incremental code generation problems

This paper looks at the complexity of four different incremental problems. The following are the problems considered: (1) Interval partitioning of a flow graph (2) Breadth first search (BFS) of a directed graph (3) Lexicographic depth first search (DFS) of a directed graph (4) Constructing the postorder listing of the nodes of a binary tree. The last problem arises out of the need for incrementally computing the Sethi-Ullman (SU) ordering [1] of the subtrees of a tree after it has undergone changes of a given type. These problems are among those that claimed our attention in the process of our designing algorithmic techniques for incremental code generation. BFS and DFS have certainly numerous other applications, but as far as our work is concerned, incremental code generation is the common thread linking these problems. The study of the complexity of these problems is done from two different perspectives. In [2] is given the theory of incremental relative lower bounds (IRLB). We use this theory to derive the IRLBs of the first three problems. Then we use the notion of a bounded incremental algorithm [4] to prove the unboundedness of the fourth problem with respect to the locally persistent model of computation. Possibly, the lower bound result for lexicographic DFS is the most interesting. In [5] the author considers lexicographic DFS to be a problem for which the incremental version may require the recomputation of the entire solution from scratch. In that sense, our IRLB result provides further evidence for this possibility with the proviso that the incremental DFS algorithms considered be ones that do not require too much of preprocessing.

Code for chemical environment and computation of molecular similarity

A new code for chemical environment and an empirical mathematical pattern Sa(m) on computation of molecular similarity were suggested. Seven molecules which referred to as the probe compounds and the nearest neighbors of each probe structure were determined by the methods of Sa(m) and Tanimoto, The results show an intuitive notion of chemical similarity.

Lightweight Formal Verification in Classroom Instruction of Reasoning about Functional Code

In college courses dealing with material that requires mathematical rigor, the adoption of a machine-readable representation for formal arguments can be advantageous. Students can focus on a specific collection of constructs that are represented consistently. Examples and counterexamples can be evaluated. Assignments can be assembled and checked with the help of an automated formal reasoning system. However, usability and accessibility do not have a high priority and are not addressed sufficiently well in the design of many existing machine-readable representations and corresponding formal reasoning systems. In earlier work [Lap09], we attempt to address this broad problem by proposing several specific design criteria organized around the notion of a natural context: the sphere of awareness a working human user maintains of the relevant constructs, arguments, experiences, and background materials necessary to accomplish the task at hand. We report on our attempt to evaluate our proposed design criteria by deploying within the classroom a lightweight formal verification system designed according to these criteria. The lightweight formal verification system was used within the instruction of a common application of formal reasoning: proving by induction formal propositions about functional code. We present all of the formal reasoning examples and assignments considered during this deployment, most of which are drawn directly from an introductory text on functional programming. We demonstrate how the design of the system improves the effectiveness and understandability of the examples, and how it aids in the instruction of basic formal reasoning techniques. We make brief remarks about the practical and administrative implications of the system’s design from the perspectives of the student, the instructor, and the grader.

L'application de la notion d'entreprise entre le Code de commerce français et le Code civil du Québec

"Mémoire présenté à la faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en droit des affaires LLM"

L’intérêt de l’enfant : notion polymorphe susceptible d’instrumentalisation ou de détournement : l’exemple de l’avant-projet de Loi modifiant le Code civil et d’autres dispositions législatives en matière d’adoption et d’autorité parentale

L’intérêt de l’enfant est une notion « polymorphe » dont les tenants et aboutissants sont difficiles à cerner. A priori, nous postulions que son caractère polymorphe en permet l’instrumentalisation, les acteurs sociaux cherchant, par la représentation qu’ils s’en font, à défendre leurs intérêts. Notre mémoire prend d’ailleurs à partie l’exemple de l’avant-projet de Loi modifiant le Code civil et d’autres dispositions législatives en matière d’adoption et d’autorité parentale. Dans notre premier titre, il convenait ainsi de dresser l’historique de l’intérêt de l’enfant en tant que notion variablement évolutive, de sa réception en jurisprudence et dans les lois québécoises portant sur l’adoption, à son incorporation en droit commun, à la suite de l’abrogation du concept de puissance paternelle. Nous en avons également identifié les fondements, au travers du droit anglais, du droit international, des Chartes et du droit naturel. Les éléments de définition du concept étant multiples, nous avons enfin cherché à le conceptualiser, à en dégager les bases légales et à effectuer l’analyse doctrinale et jurisprudentielle de ses critères. Puis, afin de démontrer nos prémisses, nous avons examiné, dans notre seconde partie, les discours de quelques 23 intervenants dans le cadre des consultations menées par la Commission des institutions sur l’avant-projet de loi susdit. En somme, alors que les chercheurs universitaires ont une position ne cherchant pas à insister sur une dimension de l’intérêt de l’enfant convergeant vers leur mission, les propos des ordres professionnels, des groupes de pression et des organismes para-gouvernementaux sont, en revanche, à l’effet contraire.