The influence of BMP-2 and its mode of delivery on the osteoconductivity of implant surfaces during the early phase of osseointegration

Osteogenic agents, such as bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), can stimulate the degradation as well as the formation of bone. Hence, they could impair the osteoconductivity of functionalized implant surfaces. We assessed the effects of BMP-2 and its mode of delivery on the osteoconductivity of dental implants with either a naked titanium surface or a calcium-phosphate-coated one. The naked titanium surface bore adsorbed BMP-2, whilst the coated one bore incorporated, adsorbed, or incorporated and adsorbed BMP-2. The implants were inserted into the maxillae of adult miniature pigs. The volume of bone deposited within a defined "osteoconductive" (peri-implant) space, and bone coverage of the implant surface delimiting this space, were estimated morphometrically 1-3 weeks later. After 3 weeks, the volume of bone deposited within the osteoconductive space was highest for coated and uncoated implants bearing no BMP-2, followed by coated implants bearing incorporated BMP-2; it was lowest for coated implants bearing only adsorbed BMP-2. Bone-interface coverage was highest for coated implants bearing no BMP-2, followed by coated implants bearing either incorporated, or incorporated and adsorbed BMP-2; it was lowest for uncoated implants bearing adsorbed BMP-2. Hence, the osteoconductivity of implant surfaces can be significantly modulated by BMP-2 and its mode of delivery.

Comparison of V2IC control with voltage mode and current mode controls for high frequency (MHz) and very fast response applications

High switching frequencies (several MHz) allow the integration of low power DC/DC converters. Although, in theory, a high switching frequency would make possible to implement a conventional Voltage Mode control (VMC) or Peak Current Mode control (PCMC) with very high bandwidth, in practice, parasitic effects and robustness limits the applicability of these control techniques. This paper compares VMC and CMC techniques with the V2IC control. This control is based on two loops. The fast internal loop has information of the output capacitor current and the error voltage, providing fast dynamic response under load and voltage reference steps, while the slow external voltage loop provides accurate steady state regulation. This paper shows the fast dynamic response of the V2IC control under load and output voltage reference steps and its robustness operating with additional output capacitors added by the customer.

Service innovation: Inward and outward related activities and cooperation mode

Knowledge of how customers co-create value, the way that suppliers and providers co-produce services, and how research and development centers and universities transfer technologies is becoming increasingly important to scholars' understanding of service innovation. This paper presents an analysis of the relationship between inward and outward innovation activities in service organizations and their modes of innovation, using network innovation premises and an extended innovation model. Empirical data from retail, health and education sector service organizations show the existence of a relationship between the degree of development of the inward innovation process and the degree of development of outward innovation activities. The majority of service organizations have innovation processes with an orientation toward customers and suppliers rather than other service network members, and leading service organizations follow a path that the literature defines as oriented toward the service value network. Findings lead to implications of how innovation managers could develop their internal innovation capacity to balance inward and outward activities properly.

Large vortex-like structure of dipole field in computer models of liquid water and dipole-bridge between biomolecules

We propose a framework to describe the cooperative orientational motions of water molecules in liquid water and around solute molecules in water solutions. From molecular dynamics (MD) simulation a new quantity “site-dipole field” is defined as the averaged orientation of water molecules that pass through each spatial position. In the site-dipole field of bulk water we found large vortex-like structures of more than 10 Å in size. Such coherent patterns persist more than 300 ps although the orientational memory of individual molecules is quickly lost. A 1-ns MD simulation of systems consisting of two amino acids shows that the fluctuations of site-dipole field of solvent are pinned around the amino acids, resulting in a stable dipole-bridge between side-chains of amino acids. The dipole-bridge is significantly formed even for the side-chain separation of 14 Å, which corresponds to five layers of water. The way that dipole-bridge forms sensitively depends on the side-chain orientations and thereby explains the specificity in the solvent-mediated interactions between biomolecules.

A home for all, or, The gravel wall and octagon mode of building : new, cheap, convenient, superior and adapted to rich and poor ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Proposal for establishing a cheap, just, and efficient mode of electing members of Parliament, and for securing the just and equal representation of the people /

Mode of access: Internet.

Mind in nature; or, The origin of life, and the mode of development in animals.

Mode of access: Internet.

Elements of static electricity with full description of the Holtz and Töpler machines and their mode of operating.

Mode of access: Internet.

Murray's English grammar : revised, simplified, and adapted to the inductive and explanatory mode of instruction /

Mode of access: Internet.

A familiar illustration of Christian baptism : in which the proper subjects of that ordinance and the mode of administration are ascertained from the Word of God and the history of the church and defended from the objections usually urged by the opposers of infant baptism and the advocates of immersion /

Spine title: Christian baptism.

Discourses and dissertations on the scriptural doctrines of atonement and sacrifice : and on the principal arguments advanced, and the mode of reasoning employed, by the opponents of those doctrines, as held by the established church : with an appendix, containing some strictures on Mr. Belsham's account of the Unitarian scheme, in his review of Mr. Wilberforce's treatise, together with remarks on the version of the New Testament lately published by the Unitarians /

Mode of access: Internet.

Discourses and dissertations on the scriptural doctrines of atonement and sacrifice: and on the principal arguments advanced, and the mode of reasoning employed, by the opponents of those doctrines as held by the established church. With an appendix containing some strictures on Mr. Belsham's account of the Unitarian scheme, in his review of Mr. Wilberforce's treatise; together with remarks on the version of the New Testament, lately published by the Unitarians.

Mode of access: Internet.