Analysis of ingredient and heating value of municipal solid waste

Great differences between municipal solid wastes(MSW)produced at different places and different times in terms of such parameters as physical ingredient and heating value lead to difficulty in effective handling of MSW. In this paper, ingredient, heating value and their temporal varying trends of typical MSW in Beijing were continuously measured and analyzed. With consideration of the process in pyrolysis and incineration, correlation between physical ingredients and heating values was induced, favorable for evaluation of heating value needed in handling of MSW from simple analysis of physical ingredients of it.

A revolta comunista de 1935: um olhar sobre a atuação rebelde no interior do Rio Grande do Norte

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a atuação revolucionária no interior do Rio Grande do Norte, ocorrida durante a Revolta comunista de 1935, tendo como foco principal as colunas rebeldes estabelecidas durante o evento. Os objetivos das colunas eram a tomada das cidades do interior potiguar, a captação de novos integrantes e recursos que pudessem ser utilizados na consolidação e ampliação do controle dos rebeldes estabelecido a partir da cidade de Natal. No presente estudo foram identificadas as causas da adesão popular à revolta comunista nas cidades ocupadas pelas colunas rebeldes. Baseado nas fontes pesquisadas, sobretudo nos processos dos indiciados julgados pelo Tribunal de Segurança Nacional, e à luz da bibliografia sobre o tema, buscou-se os possíveis fatores de ordem política, econômica, social ou ideológica que podem ter atuado na aproximação dos moradores situados no interior do Rio Grande do Norte com o discurso de modificação da ordem então vigente, proferido pelos rebeldes

Centrifuge modelling and dynamic testing of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills

An investigation into the seismic behaviour of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills by dynamic centrifuge testing was undertaken. This paper presents physical modelling of MSW landfills for dynamic centrifuge testing, with regard to the following research areas: 1. amplification characteristics of municipal solid waste; 2. tension induced in geomembranes placed on landfill slopes due to earthquake loading; 3. damage to landfill liners due to liquefaction of foundation soil. A model waste, that has engineering properties similar to MSW, is presented. A model geomembrane that can be used in centrifuge tests is also presented. Results of dynamic centrifuge tests with the model geomembrane showed that an earthquake loading induces additional permanent tension (∼25%) in the geomembrane. © 2006 Taylor & Francis Group.

Centrifuge modelling and dynamic testing of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills

An investigation into the seismic behaviour of municipal solidwaste (MSW) landfills by dynamic centrifuge testing was undertaken. This paper presents physical modelling of MSW landfills for dynamic centrifuge testing, with regard to the following research areas: 1. amplification characteristics of municipal solid waste; 2. tension induced in geomembranes placed on landfill slopes due to earthquake loading; 3. damage to landfill liners due to liquefaction of foundation soil. A model waste, that has engineering properties similar to MSW, is presented. A model geomembrane that can be used in centrifuge tests is also presented. Results of dynamic centrifuge tests with the model geomembrane showed that an earthquake loading induces additional permanent tension (∼25%) in the geomembrane. © 2006 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Surto da mancha-aquosa em frutos de melão nos Estados do Ceará e do Rio Grande do Norte: recomendações preliminares de controle.

2000

Avaliação de cultivares de girassol em municípios dos estados da Bahia, Alagoas, Sergipe e Rio Grande do Norte: ensaios realizados no ano agrícola de 2008.

2010

A Study of Single Stage Semi‐Dry Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste

Solid waste generation is a natural consequence of human activity and is increasing along with population growth, urbanization and industrialization. Improper disposal of the huge amount of solid waste seriously affects the environment and contributes to climate change by the release of greenhouse gases. Practicing anaerobic digestion (AD) for the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) can reduce emissions to environment and thereby alleviate the environmental problems together with production of biogas, an energy source, and digestate, a soil amendment. The amenability of substrate for biogasification varies from substrate to substrate and different environmental and operating conditions such as pH, temperature, type and quality of substrate, mixing, retention time etc. Therefore, the purpose of this research work is to develop feasible semi-dry anaerobic digestion process for the treatment of OFMSW from Kerala, India for potential energy recovery and sustainable waste management. This study was carried out in three phases in order to reach the research purpose. In the first phase, batch study of anaerobic digestion of OFMSW was carried out for 100 days at 32°C (mesophilic digestion) for varying substrate concentrations. The aim of this study was to obtain the optimal conditions for biogas production using response surface methodology (RSM). The parameters studied were initial pH, substrate concentration and total organic carbon (TOC). The experimental results showed that the linear model terms of initial pH and substrate concentration and the quadratic model terms of the substrate concentration and TOC had significant individual effect (p < 0.05) on biogas yield. However, there was no interactive effect between these variables (p > 0.05). The optimum conditions for maximizing the biogas yield were a substrate concentration of 99 g/l, an initial pH of 6.5 and TOC of 20.32 g/l. AD of OFMSW with optimized substrate concentration of 99 g/l [Total Solid (TS)-10.5%] is a semi-dry digestion system .Under the optimized condition, the maximum biogas yield was 53.4 L/kg VS (volatile solid).. In the second phase, semi-dry anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes was conducted for 45 days in a lab-scale batch experiment for substrate concentration of 100 g/l (TS-11.2%) for investigating the start-up performances under thermophilic condition (50°C). The performance of the reactor was evaluated by measuring the daily biogas production and calculating the degradation of total solids and the total volatile solids. The biogas yield at the end of the digestion was 52.9 L/kg VS for the substrate concentration of 100 g/l. About 66.7% of volatile solid degradation was obtained during the digestion. A first order model based on the availability of substrate as the limiting factor was used to perform the kinetic studies of batch anaerobic digestion system. The value of reaction rate constant, k, obtained was 0.0249 day-1. A laboratory bench scale reactor with a capacity of 36.8 litres was designed and fabricated to carry out the continuous anaerobic digestion of OFMSW in the third phase. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the digester at total solid concentration of 12% (semi-dry) under mesophlic condition (32°C). The digester was operated with different organic loading rates (OLRs) and constant retention time. The performance of the reactor was evaluated using parameters such as pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA), alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), TOC and ammonia-N as well as biogas yield. During the reactor’s start-up period, the process is stable and there is no inhibition occurred and the average biogas production was 14.7 L/day. The reactor was fed in continuous mode with different OLRs (3.1,4.2 and 5.65 kg VS/m3/d) at constant retention time of 30 days. The highest volatile solid degradation of 65.9%, with specific biogas production of 368 L/kg VS fed was achieved with OLR of 3.1 kg VS/m3/d. Modelling and simulation of anaerobic digestion of OFMSW in continuous operation is done using adapted Anaerobic Digestion Model No 1 (ADM1).The proposed model, which has 34 dynamic state variables, considers both biochemical and physicochemical processes and contains several inhibition factors including three gas components. The number of processes considered is 28. The model is implemented in Matlab® version 7.11.0.584(R2010b). The model based on adapted ADM1 was tested to simulate the behaviour of a bioreactor for the mesophilic anaerobic digestion of OFMSW at OLR of 3.1 kg VS/m3/d. ADM1 showed acceptable simulating results.

Conteúdos de formação profissional nos Cursos de administração : estudo da oferta nos Estados do Ceará, Paraíba e Rio Grande do Norte

Os cursos presenciais de Administração do Brasil enfrentam uma situação onde o mercado de trabalho não contrata prioritariamente seus egressos, o que remete a um entendimento de que as Instituições de Ensino Superior [IES] não estão suprindo adequadamente seus alunos com os conhecimentos profissionais necessários para terem as habilidades e competências exigidas por este mercado, conhecimentos estes que são preconizados pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais [DCNs] e que direcionam os currículos dos cursos ao atendimento das exigências do mercado. Esta investigação, de natureza qualitativa e articulada com dados quantitativos, inicialmente tem o intento de identificar o alinhamento entre os currículos praticados pelas IES e as DCNs, no que se refere aos conteúdos profissionais, e posteriormente compreender a percepção dos coordenadores de universidades dos estados do Ceará, Paraíba e Rio Grande do Norte, acerca da relação entre as DCNs, os currículos praticados nas IES e o mercado. Para viabilizar esta investigação, documentos das IES [currículos] coletados em seus sítios eletrônicos foram utilizados para identificação do alinhamento com as DCNs por intermédio da técnica de palavras indutoras e induzidas de Bardin. Foi utilizado também como instrumento de coleta um questionário não estruturado, que foi aplicado aos coordenadores de curso através de guião próprio. As entrevistas foram transcritas e analisadas por meio da técnica de grelha analítica de Bardin, os dados resultantes foram triangulados com os da investigação documental para melhor entender os fenômenos detectados. Os resultados obtidos indicam que as IES praticam currículos com pouca adesão aos conteúdos profissionais Teorias das Organizações e Administração de Serviços, enquanto conteúdos relacionados à Planejamento, Finanças, Mercado e Produção tem alta adesão. Percebeu-se também a existência de uma estreita relação entre Mercado, DCNs e Currículo, que interagem e se relacionam de forma interdependente, onde o mercado figura como principal vértice. Entendeu-se que as DCNs são percebidas ao mesmo tempo como flexíveis e definidoras dos conteúdos praticados nos currículos, que apresentam-se como disciplinas ministradas nos cursos, onde a relação teoria X prática ainda é pífia no processo de ensino aprendizagem. Percebeu-se ainda que o mercado cada vez mais faz exigências e impõe condições técnicas para absorver os administradores formados, ao mesmo tempo em que as IES não conseguem formá-los, verificando-se como prováveis causas, o não atendimento às DCNs e a falta de um relacionamento mais próximo com o mercado, bem como a falta de acompanhamento dos seus egressos.