Bias na Representação de Assunto: Uma Discussão de Oposições Binárias nos Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Adesão ao valor justiça em crianças e adolescentes

This search is part of a larger study conducted at the Carlos Chagas Foundation (SP-Brazil), which aims to build a scale to assess adhesion to moral values by basic education students and their teachers. This text addresses only the value of justice. The responses of 111 10-13 year old children and 121 teenagers between 14 and 17 years of age at public and private schools in the city of São Paulo (SP-Brazil) were compared. Among the various topics addressed, some issues of distributive, retributive and commutative justice were selected. In the questionnaire, the alternatives offered were built in increasing stages of decentration from a social perspective inspired by Kohlberg. The results confirmed the two hypotheses that had been raised: there was a progression in the choice of the answers concerning the stages between children and teenagers and there were differences between the three forms of justice considered, in relation to the achievement of higher levels.

Bias in the indexing languages Theorethical approaches about feminine issues

The process of knowledge representation as well as its procedures or tools and its products are not neutral in terms of values; instead they imply moral values. In this context, bias in representation related to prejudice and discrimination, to gender issues, to dicotomic categorization in classification systems or in thesauri and to lack of cultural warrant may arise. Concerning the problem of bias in indexing languages, starting from the initial theoretical reflexions of Brey (1999), Berman (1993), Olson (1998; 2002), Lopez-Huertas Perez & Torres Ramirez (2005), Guimaraes (2006), Hjorland (2008) and Milani et al. (2009), the proposal is to present a preliminary categorization aiming at facilitating the identification of bias concerning feminine issues in indexing languages, to offer a contribution to the theoretical universe of the specific questions of knowledge organization and to present a theme to be discussed by educators and professionals in the areas of cataloging, classification and indexing. If in a society which intends to be politically correct, social attitudes towards stigmatized citizens should be modified, then, the universe of indexing languages, taken as tools of knowledge representation, is a fertile field to sow this reflexion.

Expectativas de pais, professores e crianças acerca da escolarização no contexto das camadas populares

In regards to the context of the schooling for less the most favored, the school did not appear as intellectual instrument, and yes as prerequisite to take care of to the new requirements of the work market that if modernized the great social changes together with. The school, in turn, if puts in charge them to know scientific, and, for times, them norms of effective behavior in the society and the familiar group, them feelings and moral values, in a transposition of the “cultural capital” and it “capital stock” that passed by generations. This work, therefore, had as objective to study the expectations of schooling of the child in pertaining to school age, in the universes of the family and the school, from the speech of the agents of this process (parents, responsible, professors and the children) and of some practical educative referring to the schooling of the child, leaving of estimated of that the school is a democratic space, with equality of rights and the duties. Mediated for cultural a historical boarding, one searched to interpret the pertaining to school and familiar context of the participants, by means of a counterpoint with the studied bibliography, being this presented throughout the work. The research was of qualitative character, the data had been collected by means of comment in two classrooms, one of the third and one of the room year. Half-structuralized interviews had been made, that had been recorded e, later, transcribing. The environment of the research was a public school of the basic education of a city of the interior of the State of São Paulo, that received children proceeding from families of the urban popular classrooms. The results of the analysis of the data point that the professors present a vision of ideal model of family and pupil that does not correspond to the reality of the context of these and of the new nomenclatures of the familiar order... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

A importância dos contos de fadas originais no desenvolvimento infantil: um incentivo ao raciocínio lógico

Fairy tales are popular stories that has been narrated for centuries, whether through oral tradition or printed manuscripts, over generations. It is known that fairy tales can, through symbolism, to penetrate the human unconscious, rescuing emotions, feelings and influencing their actions and ways of thinking, and are means of transmitting moral values propagated by particular historical and social contexts for variations that appear in the same story, because it can be modified by the intention of the person who transmits me story and the interpretation of those who read it, at a particular time and situation. Although, these changes, compared to the classic fairy tales of Perrault, the Grimm Brothers and Andersen, are marked clearly different, which shows the habits and customs of the time in which they are conveyed, whether in written or oral form. The present work aimed to study the differences between current and classic tales, as well as their influences on implications for the child's mind, from a work by the teacher, which consider the role of context in the situation, the characters and the plot. Thus it is intended that students be induced to question, to understand the values dealtturn in the story and to make inferences, and that logical reasoning be stimulated not only for reading, but for any act of communication to occur

Ética e trabalho: Concepção de uma antítese social

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

Prostituição e morte em Maggie: a girl of the streets: uma leitura feminista sobre a Slum fiction norte-americana de Stephen Crane

Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS

Adolescentes em conflito com a lei e sua noção de regras no jogo de futebol

Adolescents with a course of life based on the lack of ethical and moral values are more vulnerable to the practice of infractions, and in this case the statute of the child and adolescent assumes their insertion on socio educative measures. The objective of this research is to identify the moral development phase in adolescents who are in confl ict with the law. Thirty male adolescents between fi fteen and eighteen years old, who are inserted on the socio educative care Center, were studied. Data were collected through futsal game observation, without the presence of a referee and structured interview, according to the general lines of the Clinical Method of PIAGET (1994). The arrangement of the collected data confi rmed our hypothesis – these adolescents are still with the characteristics of a heteronomical moral, confi rmed by the differences between conscience and the practice of rules in a game situation. Although they know the rules, these are only respected in order to get some benefi ts, like not charging foul, deceive the opponent or simply win the match. It is presumed that the rules would only be respected in the presence of an authority (referee), because he would impose punishments and privations. However, it is believed that the results of this study may become a parameter to educators in order to create favorable situations which can be preventive and interventive to the socio moral development, minimizing suffering and seizing opportunities to the formation of citizens with higher ethical and moral standards, who are able to choose the way to the solidarity, cooperation and justice.

Leitura e interpretação do gênero artigo de opinião: uma experiência reflexiva em ambiente socioeducativo : Fundação C.A.S.A

Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAR

O papel do gestor na construção da moralidade na escola

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Educação ao ar livre pela aventura: o aprendizado de valores morais em expedições à natureza

A educação ao ar livre, por meio de cursos no formato expedição, ainda acontece de forma tímida no Brasil. Entende-se por expedição uma experiência educacional contínua, de múltiplos dias, em que alunos e instrutores aventuram-se em um trajeto em área remota da natureza de forma autossuficiente. O presente estudo analisa os cursos desse tipo. Por meio de entrevistas e questionários semiestruturados, investigou-se a aprendizagem dos alunos segundo suas próprias percepções e as dos educadores da instituição, com ênfase no desenvolvimento moral do indivíduo. Como parte do estudo de caso sobre um aluno adolescente participante de um dos cursos, entrevistou-se também uma psicóloga que coordena um abrigo para menores. Os resultados encontrados indicam que os cursos de educação ao ar livre caracterizam-se por experiências que estimulam trabalhos em grupo, debates sobre justiça e solidariedade, e reflexões sobre valores e princípios como coragem, esforço pessoal, disciplina, respeito e superação de limites. Os resultados também indicam que tal proposta educacional aufere experiências sensíveis e de conexão do ser humano com a natureza. Muito embora haja potencial educacional para a educação ao ar livre, a atuação do educador perante seus alunos é fundamental para que as experiências sejam física e psicologicamente seguras, alcancem seus potenciais pedagógicos de desenvolvimento da moralidade e ajudem as pessoas a desenvolverem uma consciência ambiental, manifestada por meio de ações concretas ao retornarem dos cursos para suas comunidades.

La comunicazione della cooperazione allo sviluppo: gli Enti Pubblici. Analisi discorsive dei Siti Web

Our research takes place in the context of a discipline kwown as Communication for Development, sited inside the field of Communication for Social Change, characterized by the use of interpersonal ad mass communication theories and tools, applyied to international development cooperation. Our study aims at pointing out a change of paradigm in this field: our object is Public Administration’s communication, therefore, what we suggest is a shift from Communication for Development, to Development Communication. The object of our study, hence, becomes the discourse itself, in its double action of representation and construction of reality. In particular, we are interested in the discourse’s tribute to the creation of a collective immagination, wich is the perspective towards which we have oriented the analysis, through a structuralist semoitics-based methodology integrated with a socio-semiotic approach. Taking into consideartion the fact that in our contemporary society (that is to say a ‘Western’ and ‘First World’ society), the internet is a crucial public space for the mediation and the management of collective immagination, we chose the web sites of Public Bodies which are dedicated to International Cooperation has our analysis corpus. This, due to their symbolic and ideologic significance, as well as for the actual political responsibility we think these web sites should have. The result of our analysis allows us to suggest some discoursive strategies used in the web sites of Public Bodies. In these sites, there is a tendency to shift the discourses around international cooperation from the ideological axis - avoiding in so doing to explicit a political statement about the causes of injustices and un-balances which lead to the necessity of a support in development (i.e. avoiding to mention values such as social justice and democracy while acknowledging socio-economical institutions which contribute to foster underdevelopment on a global scale) -, to the ethical axis, hence referring to moral values concerning the private sphere (human solidarity and charity), which is delegated mainly to non governamental associations.

Conceptual and normative issues of memory enhancement

Our growing understanding of human mind and cognition and the development of neurotechnology has triggered debate around cognitive enhancement in neuroethics. The dissertation examines the normative issues of memory enhancement, and focuses on two issues: (1) the distinction between memory treatment and enhancement; and (2) how the issue of authenticity concerns memory interventions, including memory treatments and enhancements. rnThe first part consists of a conceptual analysis of the concepts required for normative considerations. First, the representational nature and the function of memory are discussed. Memory is regarded as a special form of self-representation resulting from a constructive processes. Next, the concepts of selfhood, personhood, and identity are examined and a conceptual tool—the autobiographical self-model (ASM)—is introduced. An ASM is a collection of mental representations of the system’s relations with its past and potential future states. Third, the debate between objectivist and constructivist views of health are considered. I argue for a phenomenological account of health, which is based on the primacy of illness and negative utilitarianism.rnThe second part presents a synthesis of the relevant normative issues based on the conceptual tools developed. I argue that memory enhancement can be distinguished from memory treatment using a demarcation regarding the existence of memory-related suffering. That is, memory enhancements are, under standard circumstances and without any unwilling suffering or potential suffering resulting from the alteration of memory functions, interventions that aim to manipulate memory function based on the self-interests of the individual. I then consider the issue of authenticity, namely whether memory intervention or enhancement endangers “one’s true self”. By analyzing two conceptions of authenticity—authenticity as self-discovery and authenticity as self-creation, I propose that authenticity should be understood in terms of the satisfaction of the functional constraints of an ASM—synchronic coherence, diachronic coherence, and global veridicality. This framework provides clearer criteria for considering the relevant concerns and allows us to examine the moral values of authenticity. rn

The Position of Russian Provinical Officialdom in the Middle of the 19th Century: Law and Life

The study considered the discrepancy between the official status and real position of Russian provincial officialdom in the middle of the 19th century. The law was not entirely coherent in all aspects of the officials' life and activity, with ordinary deviations from the law being adopted in practice and accepted, albeit not openly, by the public and sometimes even by the authorities. The main law determining the rights and duties of governors was never followed to the letter and in reality governors' activities were determined by the common (unwritten) law existing in the governmental sphere. The volume and nature of the governors' rights depended on a range of factors, with specific regional features and the governor's personal qualities having a particular significance. The standard of living of government clerks was much higher than their official salary would permit and Matkhanova studied the most widespread cases of abuse, identifying those positions in the administration which offered the most opportunities for such abuses. At the start of the period and on the eve of the reforms public opinion towards the bribery of officials underwent a change. From the late 1850s onwards, there appeared among provincial officials a group of young well-educated clerks with liberal ideas and a new system of moral values which did not allow them to accept bribes or infringe the law in any way. There was also a non-official hierarchy side by side with the legally existing one. A significant role in governing the region, and one which has been underestimated by historians, was played by the head of the governor's office, but the reforms of the 1860s contributed to changing this state of affairs.

Comités de bioética : su constitución y relevancia

Los Comités de Bioética son espacios de deliberación, interdisciplinarios, pluraIistas, críticos. Hay distintos tipos de comités: ética de la investigación, ética asistencial. ética de las organizaciones. Sus Integrantes, además de pertenecer a diferentes profesiones o actividades, deben tener una sólida formación en Bioética. Se promueve su constitución y funcionamiento en las instituciones para contribuir a resolver conflictos donde están en juego los valores morales de las personas.