Trauma traqueal associado à fratura mandibular: relato de caso

Introduction: The mandibular injuries account for about 20% to 50% of cases of facial fractures. Some consider the jaw the second most commonly fractured bone of the skull, and is the only mobile bone of the facial framework, which results in decreased stability compared to the trauma. When one takes into account the degree of airway obstruction in patients with facial fractures, the problem becomes much more serious since it is one of the most troubling complications of trauma. Objective: the relevance of the topic is aimed to report a case of a patient victim of mandibular fracture associated with trauma to the trachea. Case report: Case report: Patient 24 years old patient with tracheal trauma concomitant mandibular fracture surgically treated in conjunction with the thoracic surgeon. After 5 months postoperatively, the patient is in good condition general, no complaints. Final comments: This form is observed that the key to proper treatment of tracheal trauma associated with facial fractures is the knowledge of the type of injury, and an accurate diagnosis multidisciplinary.

Il Problema della Sicurezza nel Cloud Computing

Il termine cloud ha origine dal mondo delle telecomunicazioni quando i provider iniziarono ad utilizzare servizi basati su reti virtuali private (VPN) per la comunicazione dei dati. Il cloud computing ha a che fare con la computazione, il software, l’accesso ai dati e servizi di memorizzazione in modo tale che l’utente finale non abbia idea della posizione fisica dei dati e la configurazione del sistema in cui risiedono. Il cloud computing è un recente trend nel mondo IT che muove la computazione e i dati lontano dai desktop e dai pc portatili portandoli in larghi data centers. La definizione di cloud computing data dal NIST dice che il cloud computing è un modello che permette accesso di rete on-demand a un pool condiviso di risorse computazionali che può essere rapidamente utilizzato e rilasciato con sforzo di gestione ed interazione con il provider del servizio minimi. Con la proliferazione a larga scala di Internet nel mondo le applicazioni ora possono essere distribuite come servizi tramite Internet; come risultato, i costi complessivi di questi servizi vengono abbattuti. L’obbiettivo principale del cloud computing è utilizzare meglio risorse distribuite, combinarle assieme per raggiungere un throughput più elevato e risolvere problemi di computazione su larga scala. Le aziende che si appoggiano ai servizi cloud risparmiano su costi di infrastruttura e mantenimento di risorse computazionali poichè trasferiscono questo aspetto al provider; in questo modo le aziende si possono occupare esclusivamente del business di loro interesse. Mano a mano che il cloud computing diventa più popolare, vengono esposte preoccupazioni riguardo i problemi di sicurezza introdotti con l’utilizzo di questo nuovo modello. Le caratteristiche di questo nuovo modello di deployment differiscono ampiamente da quelle delle architetture tradizionali, e i meccanismi di sicurezza tradizionali risultano inefficienti o inutili. Il cloud computing offre molti benefici ma è anche più vulnerabile a minacce. Ci sono molte sfide e rischi nel cloud computing che aumentano la minaccia della compromissione dei dati. Queste preoccupazioni rendono le aziende restie dall’adoperare soluzioni di cloud computing, rallentandone la diffusione. Negli anni recenti molti sforzi sono andati nella ricerca sulla sicurezza degli ambienti cloud, sulla classificazione delle minacce e sull’analisi di rischio; purtroppo i problemi del cloud sono di vario livello e non esiste una soluzione univoca. Dopo aver presentato una breve introduzione sul cloud computing in generale, l’obiettivo di questo elaborato è quello di fornire una panoramica sulle vulnerabilità principali del modello cloud in base alle sue caratteristiche, per poi effettuare una analisi di rischio dal punto di vista del cliente riguardo l’utilizzo del cloud. In questo modo valutando i rischi e le opportunità un cliente deve decidere se adottare una soluzione di tipo cloud. Alla fine verrà presentato un framework che mira a risolvere un particolare problema, quello del traffico malevolo sulla rete cloud. L’elaborato è strutturato nel modo seguente: nel primo capitolo verrà data una panoramica del cloud computing, evidenziandone caratteristiche, architettura, modelli di servizio, modelli di deployment ed eventuali problemi riguardo il cloud. Nel secondo capitolo verrà data una introduzione alla sicurezza in ambito informatico per poi passare nello specifico alla sicurezza nel modello di cloud computing. Verranno considerate le vulnerabilità derivanti dalle tecnologie e dalle caratteristiche che enucleano il cloud, per poi passare ad una analisi dei rischi. I rischi sono di diversa natura, da quelli prettamente tecnologici a quelli derivanti da questioni legali o amministrative, fino a quelli non specifici al cloud ma che lo riguardano comunque. Per ogni rischio verranno elencati i beni afflitti in caso di attacco e verrà espresso un livello di rischio che va dal basso fino al molto alto. Ogni rischio dovrà essere messo in conto con le opportunità che l’aspetto da cui quel rischio nasce offre. Nell’ultimo capitolo verrà illustrato un framework per la protezione della rete interna del cloud, installando un Intrusion Detection System con pattern recognition e anomaly detection.

Voces y miradas. Agentes sociales indígenas en el entramado judicial : Ciudad y campaña de Buenos Aires en el período tardocolonial

Este trabajo se ocupa de examinar el accionar de los agentes sociales indígenas atrapados en el entramado judicial, ya sea en calidad de damnificados o sospechados de un delito, en la campaña y a ciudad de Buenos Aires hacia fines del período colonial. El objetivo es indagar en la configuración y resolución de los conflictos que involucren a indígenas, observando tanto su posicionamiento como el de los agentes judiciales, eclesiásticos o particulares con cierto poder en el ámbito local que se encuentren involucrados en estas causas. Este análisis nos facilitará la entrada al entretejido social de la época, proporcionándonos claves para comprenderlo, a la vez que develará una diversidad de voces y miradas implicadas en el proceso de configuración y judicialización de los delitos

Voces y miradas. Agentes sociales indígenas en el entramado judicial : Ciudad y campaña de Buenos Aires en el período tardocolonial

Este trabajo se ocupa de examinar el accionar de los agentes sociales indígenas atrapados en el entramado judicial, ya sea en calidad de damnificados o sospechados de un delito, en la campaña y a ciudad de Buenos Aires hacia fines del período colonial. El objetivo es indagar en la configuración y resolución de los conflictos que involucren a indígenas, observando tanto su posicionamiento como el de los agentes judiciales, eclesiásticos o particulares con cierto poder en el ámbito local que se encuentren involucrados en estas causas. Este análisis nos facilitará la entrada al entretejido social de la época, proporcionándonos claves para comprenderlo, a la vez que develará una diversidad de voces y miradas implicadas en el proceso de configuración y judicialización de los delitos

Voces y miradas. Agentes sociales indígenas en el entramado judicial : Ciudad y campaña de Buenos Aires en el período tardocolonial

Este trabajo se ocupa de examinar el accionar de los agentes sociales indígenas atrapados en el entramado judicial, ya sea en calidad de damnificados o sospechados de un delito, en la campaña y a ciudad de Buenos Aires hacia fines del período colonial. El objetivo es indagar en la configuración y resolución de los conflictos que involucren a indígenas, observando tanto su posicionamiento como el de los agentes judiciales, eclesiásticos o particulares con cierto poder en el ámbito local que se encuentren involucrados en estas causas. Este análisis nos facilitará la entrada al entretejido social de la época, proporcionándonos claves para comprenderlo, a la vez que develará una diversidad de voces y miradas implicadas en el proceso de configuración y judicialización de los delitos

System for robot control inspired by the functionality and organisation of the human nervous system

This paper presents a model of a control system for robot systems inspired by the functionality and organisation of human neuroregulatory system. Our model was specified using software agents within a formal framework and implemented through Web Services. This approach allows the implementation of the control logic of a robot system with relative ease, in an incremental way, using the addition of new control centres to the system as its behaviour is observed or needs to be detailed with greater precision, without the need to modify existing functionality. The tests performed verify that the proposed model has the general characteristics of biological systems together with the desirable features of software, such as robustness, flexibility, reuse and decoupling.

Parallel Computational Intelligence-Based Multi-Camera Surveillance System

In this work, we present a multi-camera surveillance system based on the use of self-organizing neural networks to represent events on video. The system processes several tasks in parallel using GPUs (graphic processor units). It addresses multiple vision tasks at various levels, such as segmentation, representation or characterization, analysis and monitoring of the movement. These features allow the construction of a robust representation of the environment and interpret the behavior of mobile agents in the scene. It is also necessary to integrate the vision module into a global system that operates in a complex environment by receiving images from multiple acquisition devices at video frequency. Offering relevant information to higher level systems, monitoring and making decisions in real time, it must accomplish a set of requirements, such as: time constraints, high availability, robustness, high processing speed and re-configurability. We have built a system able to represent and analyze the motion in video acquired by a multi-camera network and to process multi-source data in parallel on a multi-GPU architecture.

Real time motion estimation using a neural architecture implemented on GPUs

This work describes a neural network based architecture that represents and estimates object motion in videos. This architecture addresses multiple computer vision tasks such as image segmentation, object representation or characterization, motion analysis and tracking. The use of a neural network architecture allows for the simultaneous estimation of global and local motion and the representation of deformable objects. This architecture also avoids the problem of finding corresponding features while tracking moving objects. Due to the parallel nature of neural networks, the architecture has been implemented on GPUs that allows the system to meet a set of requirements such as: time constraints management, robustness, high processing speed and re-configurability. Experiments are presented that demonstrate the validity of our architecture to solve problems of mobile agents tracking and motion analysis.

Approaches and Strategy for Cancer Research and Surveillance Data: Integration, Information Pipeline, Data Models, and Informatics Opportunities

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-04

Rule-based and Resource-bounded: A New Look at Epistemic Logic

Syntactic logics do not suffer from the problems of logical omniscience but are often thought to lack interesting properties relating to epistemic notions. By focusing on the case of rule-based agents, I develop a framework for modelling resource-bounded agents and show that the resulting models have a number of interesting properties.

A formalization for multi-agent decision support in cooperative environments. A framework for situated agents

La tesis propone un marco de trabajo para el soporte de la toma de decisiones adecuado para soportar la ejecución distribuida de acciones cooperativas en entornos multi-agente dinámicos y complejos. Soporte para la toma de decisiones es un proceso que intenta mejorar la ejecución de la toma de decisiones en escenarios cooperativos. Este proceso ocurre continuamente en la vida diaria. Los humanos, por ejemplo, deben tomar decisiones acerca de que ropa usar, que comida comer, etc. En este sentido, un agente es definido como cualquier cosa que está situada en un entorno y que actúa, basado en su observación, su interpretación y su conocimiento acerca de su situación en tal entorno para lograr una acción en particular.Por lo tanto, para tomar decisiones, los agentes deben considerar el conocimiento que les permita ser consientes en que acciones pueden o no ejecutar. Aquí, tal proceso toma en cuenta tres parámetros de información con la intención de personificar a un agente en un entorno típicamente físico. Así, el mencionado conjunto de información es conocido como ejes de decisión, los cuales deben ser tomados por los agentes para decidir si pueden ejecutar correctamente una tarea propuesta por otro agente o humano. Los agentes, por lo tanto, pueden hacer mejores decisiones considerando y representando apropiadamente tal información. Los ejes de decisión, principalmente basados en: las condiciones ambientales, el conocimiento físico y el valor de confianza del agente, provee a los sistemas multi-agente un confiable razonamiento para alcanzar un factible y exitoso rendimiento cooperativo.Actualmente, muchos investigadores tienden a generar nuevos avances en la tecnología agente para incrementar la inteligencia, autonomía, comunicación y auto-adaptación en escenarios agentes típicamente abierto y distribuidos. En este sentido, esta investigación intenta contribuir en el desarrollo de un nuevo método que impacte tanto en las decisiones individuales como colectivas de los sistemas multi-agente. Por lo tanto, el marco de trabajo propuesto ha sido utilizado para implementar las acciones concretas involucradas en el campo de pruebas del fútbol robótico. Este campo emula los juegos de fútbol real, donde los agentes deben coordinarse, interactuar y cooperar entre ellos para solucionar tareas complejas dentro de un escenario dinámicamente cambiante y competitivo, tanto para manejar el diseño de los requerimientos involucrados en las tareas como para demostrar su efectividad en trabajos colectivos. Es así que los resultados obtenidos tanto en el simulador como en el campo real de experimentación, muestran que el marco de trabajo para el soporte de decisiones propuesto para agentes situados es capaz de mejorar la interacción y la comunicación, reflejando en un adecuad y confiable trabajo en equipo dentro de entornos impredecibles, dinámicos y competitivos. Además, los experimentos y resultados también muestran que la información seleccionada para generar los ejes de decisión para situar a los agentes, es útil cuando tales agentes deben ejecutar una acción o hacer un compromiso en cada momento con la intención de cumplir exitosamente un objetivo colectivo. Finalmente, algunas conclusiones enfatizando las ventajas y utilidades del trabajo propuesto en la mejora del rendimiento colectivo de los sistemas multi-agente en situaciones tales como tareas coordinadas y asignación de tareas son presentadas.

Adaptive learning in agents behaviour: a framework for electricity markets simulation

Electricity markets are complex environments with very particular characteristics. A critical issue regarding these specific characteristics concerns the constant changes they are subject to. This is a result of the electricity markets’ restructuring, which was performed so that the competitiveness could be increased, but it also had exponential implications in the increase of the complexity and unpredictability in those markets scope. The constant growth in markets unpredictability resulted in an amplified need for market intervenient entities in foreseeing market behaviour. The need for understanding the market mechanisms and how the involved players’ interaction affects the outcomes of the markets, contributed to the growth of usage of simulation tools. Multi-agent based software is particularly well fitted to analyze dynamic and adaptive systems with complex interactions among its constituents, such as electricity markets. This dissertation presents ALBidS – Adaptive Learning strategic Bidding System, a multiagent system created to provide decision support to market negotiating players. This system is integrated with the MASCEM electricity market simulator, so that its advantage in supporting a market player can be tested using cases based on real markets’ data. ALBidS considers several different methodologies based on very distinct approaches, to provide alternative suggestions of which are the best actions for the supported player to perform. The approach chosen as the players’ actual action is selected by the employment of reinforcement learning algorithms, which for each different situation, simulation circumstances and context, decides which proposed action is the one with higher possibility of achieving the most success. Some of the considered approaches are supported by a mechanism that creates profiles of competitor players. These profiles are built accordingly to their observed past actions and reactions when faced with specific situations, such as success and failure. The system’s context awareness and simulation circumstances analysis, both in terms of results performance and execution time adaptation, are complementary mechanisms, which endow ALBidS with further adaptation and learning capabilities.

Adaptive learning in agents behaviour: A framework for electricity markets simulation

Electricity markets are complex environments, involving a large number of different entities, playing in a dynamic scene to obtain the best advantages and profits. MASCEM (Multi-Agent System for Competitive Electricity Markets) is a multi-agent electricity market simulator that models market players and simulates their operation in the market. Market players are entities with specific characteristics and objectives, making their decisions and interacting with other players. This paper presents a methodology to provide decision support to electricity market negotiating players. This model allows integrating different strategic approaches for electricity market negotiations, and choosing the most appropriate one at each time, for each different negotiation context. This methodology is integrated in ALBidS (Adaptive Learning strategic Bidding System) – a multiagent system that provides decision support to MASCEM's negotiating agents so that they can properly achieve their goals. ALBidS uses artificial intelligence methodologies and data analysis algorithms to provide effective adaptive learning capabilities to such negotiating entities. The main contribution is provided by a methodology that combines several distinct strategies to build actions proposals, so that the best can be chosen at each time, depending on the context and simulation circumstances. The choosing process includes reinforcement learning algorithms, a mechanism for negotiating contexts analysis, a mechanism for the management of the efficiency/effectiveness balance of the system, and a mechanism for competitor players' profiles definition.

Data Collection Agent Framework

Ohjelmistoteollisuudessa pitkiä ja vaikeita kehityssyklejä voidaan helpottaa käyttämällä hyväksi ohjelmistokehyksiä (frameworks). Ohjelmistokehykset edustavat kokoelmaa luokkia, jotka tarjoavat yleisiä ratkaisuja tietyn ongelmakentän tarpeisiin vapauttaen ohjelmistokehittäjät keskittymään sovelluskohtaisiin vaatimuksiin. Hyvin suunniteltujen ohjelmistokehyksien käyttö lisää suunnitteluratkaisujen sekä lähdekoodin uudelleenkäytettävyyttä enemmän kuin mikään muu suunnittelulähestymistapa. Tietyn kohdealueen tietämys voidaan tallentaa ohjelmistokehyksiin, joista puolestaan voidaan erikoistaa viimeisteltyjä ohjelmistotuotteita. Tässä diplomityössä kuvataan ohjelmistoagentteihin (software agents) perustuvaa ohjelmistokehyksen suunnittelua toteutusta. Pääpaino työssä on vaatimusmäärittelyä vastaavan suunnitelman sekä toteutuksen kuvaaminen ohjelmistokehykselle, josta voidaan erikoistaa erilaiseen tiedonkeruuseen kykeneviä ohjelmistoja Internet ympäristöön. Työn kokeellisessa osuudessa esitellään myös esimerkkisovellus, joka perustuu työssä kehitettyyn ohjelmistokehykseen.

Cooperative Caching Framework for Mobile Cloud Computing

Due to the advancement in mobile devices and wireless networks mobile cloud computing, which combines mobile computing and cloud computing has gained momentum since 2009. The characteristics of mobile devices and wireless network makes the implementation of mobile cloud computing more complicated than for fixed clouds. This section lists some of the major issues in Mobile Cloud Computing. One of the key issues in mobile cloud computing is the end to end delay in servicing a request. Data caching is one of the techniques widely used in wired and wireless networks to improve data access efficiency. In this paper we explore the possibility of a cooperative caching approach to enhance data access efficiency in mobile cloud computing. The proposed approach is based on cloudlets, one of the architecture designed for mobile cloud computing.