Imbibition phases and germination response of Mimosa bimucronata (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) to water submersion

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico (CNPq)

Effects of the seed predator Acanthoscelides schrankiae on viability of its host plant Mimosa bimucronata

Seeds of Mimosa bimucronata are heavily infested (pre-dispersal predation) by the bruchid beetle Acanthoscelides schrankiae in Brazil. In this study, firstly we set up experiments to assess seed germination under seven and six different light and temperature regimes, respectively, and then we evaluated the ability of seeds to germinate after predation. We tested the hypothesis that the non-predated seeds from infested fruits may respond differently when set for germination than those seeds of non-infested fruits. We also hypothesized that predation may increase the production of unviable seeds. Seeds under 18 hours of light presented the highest percentage of germination, and the alternating temperature 20-30 degrees C was considered as optimum for germination (abnormal seedlings were not considered as a successful germination). Germination of seeds from non-infested fruits was significantly higher than germination of non-predated seeds from infested fruits, and predation also caused a significant increase in the proportion of dead seeds. Our results also show a positive correlation between proportions of unviable seeds and predated seeds. These results demonstrated that seeds of M. bimucronata are strongly affected by predation because predated seeds did not germinate and non-predated seeds had their viability reduced when located in infested fruits, supporting our hypothesis.

Oviposition pattern and within-season spatial and temporal variation of pre-dispersal seed predation in a population of Mimosa bimucronata trees

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

A preliminary investigation of pre-dispersal seed predation by Acanthoscelides schrankiae horn (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze trees

This is the first record of Acanthoscelides schrankiae Horn, feeding in seeds of Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze. We investigated the pattern of oviposition and seed exploitation by A. schrankiae, and the distribution of mature fruits and seed predation in the inflorescences. We also compared the percentage of predated seeds, the total dry weight of fruits and non-predated seeds, the percentage of aborted seeds, and the percentage of non-emergent insects, among different quadrants of the M. bimucronata canopy. To determine the occurring species, the emergence of bruchids and parasitoids was observed in the laboratory, resulting altogether, only in individuals of A. schrankiae and Horismenus sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) species, respectively. Mean number of fruits produced in the median region of inflorescence was significantly higher than in the inferior and superior regions, and the frequencies (observed and expected) of predated and non-predated seeds differed among the different regions of inflorescence. Females of A. schrankiae laid their eggs on fruits, and larvae, after emergence, perforated the exocarp to reach the seeds. Most fruits presented one to three eggs and only one bruchid larva was observed in each seed. The highest value of the rate number of eggs/fruit and the highest percentage of predated seeds were recorded in April. Dry weight of fruits (total) and seeds (non-predated), proportions of predated seeds, seed abortions, and non-emergent seed predators, were evenly distributed in the canopy.

Calagem e aduba����o fosfatada no crescimento de mudas de mimosa caesalpiniifolia benth. em latossolo vermelho-amarelo

This work aimed to evaluate the effects of liming and phosphate fertilizer for the production of sabi�� (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.) seedlings without thorns under a greenhouse. Seedlings 10 days old were transferred to plastic bags containing 2.0 kg of psamitic Dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol (Typic Haplustox) collected from 40 to 70 cm layer. The experiment was carried out in Teresina county, Piau�� state, Brazil, from July to October of 2008. Two liming doses (with and without liming) and five phosphorus doses combined in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme were used. The experimental design used was the randomized blocks with four replications having each plot three seedlings. The calculated lime amount was enough to elevate the base saturation to 50 % and the phosphorus doses were: 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg kg-1 of soil. One seedling per pot was cultivated and the pot dimension was 10 by 23 cm. The evaluated variables were height, diameter, leaves number, leaf area, and shoot and roots dry matter. For the studied soil condition, the liming is not necessary to produce 'Sabi��' seedlings. The application, on average, from 72 to 107 mg kg-1 of P promote, respectively, from 90 to100 % of maximum values of height, diameter, leaf area and shoots and roots biomass.

Frutos, sementes e pl��ntulas de tr��s esp��cies de Mimosa Linnaeus(Fabaceae: Mimosoideae): aspectos morfoanat��micos e considera����es ecol��gico-filogen��ticas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico (CNPq)

Efeito da preda����o por Acanthoscelides schrankiae(Coleoptera: Bruchidae) e de altas temperaturas na germina����o de sementes de Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae)

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Controle qu��mico de Mimosa pudica em pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens com doses reduzidas de herbicidas

P��s-gradua����o em Agronomia - FEIS

Elimina����o da esp��cie Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. (sans��o-do-campo) em florestas em processo de restaura����o

P��s-gradua����o em Ci��ncia Florestal - FCA

Les��es de pele causadas pelos espinhos de Mimosa pudica (Leg. Mimosoideae) nos membros de bovinos e ovinos no estado do Par��

Foi estudada uma doen��a em bovinos e ovinos caracterizada por les��es ulcerativas e granulomatosas da pele dos membros. Os estudos epidemiol��gicos e patol��gicos permitiram concluir que essas les��es s��o causadas pelos espinhos de Mimosa pudica (Leg. Mimosoideae). A doen��a foi observada somente em pastagens acentuadamente infestadas e os animais se recuperaram rapidamente ap��s retirados destes pastos. Nos ovinos as les��es atingiam partes mais altas dos membros do que nos bovinos, devido ao seu menor porte.

Les��es traum��ticas de pele causadas pelos espinhos de Mimosa pudica e Mimosa debilis em equ��deos

Foram realizadas pesquisas sobre a natureza e causa de les��es de pele em equ��deos em uma propriedade no munic��pio de Castanhal, regi��o Nordeste do Estado do Par��. Foram realizadas visitas t��cnicas, estudos epidemiol��gicos, coletas de sangue, bi��psias de pele afetada e a inspe����o da pastagem. O estudo incluiu 25 equ��deos, dos quais 14 machos e 11 f��meas, de seis meses e oito anos de idade. Os animais apresentaram les��es ulcerativas, de bordos irregulares, na cabe��a (narinas, focinho, l��bios superiores e inferiores e chanfro), na cavidade oral (vest��bulo bucal e gengiva) e nos membros (boletos, metacarpos e metatarsos e articula����o esc��pulo-umeral). No exame histopatol��gico foram observados focos de eros��es cut��neas, caracterizados por perda e necrose da epiderme, com espongiose, degenera����o vesicular da epiderme remanescente e leve infiltrado inflamat��rio na derme subjacente, constitu��do predominantemente por macr��fagos e, em menor grau, eosin��filos. Na inspe����o da pastagem, constitu��da de Brachiaria humidicola, foi constatada grande invas��o de duas plantas providas de espinhos, Mimosa pudica e Mimosa debilis, ambas da fam��lia Leg. Mimosoideae. Concluiu-se, que as les��es de pele foram causadas pela a����o traum��tica dos espinhos de Mimosa pudica e Mimosa debilis.

Isolation of Fonsecaea pedrosoi from thorns of Mimosa pudica, a probable natural source of chromoblastomycosis

Este trabalho demonstra o isolamento de Fonsecaea pedrosoi de espinhos da planta Mimosa pudica L., a partir do local de suposta infec����o identificado pela paciente infectada. O diagn��stico cl��nico de cromoblastomicose foi estabelecido pelo achado de corpos fumag��ides no exame microsc��pico direto e pelas culturas de F. pedrosoi do material obtido da les��o da paciente. A mesma esp��cie foi isolada da paciente e da planta. A microscopia eletr��nica de transmiss��o da superf��cie dos espinhos evidenciou a disposi����o conidial caracter��stica de F. pedrosoi. Estes dados indicam que a planta M. pudica deve ser uma fonte natural de infec����o do fungo F. pedrosoi.

Les��es traum��ticas na pele causadas pelos espinhos de Mimosa pudica e Mimosa debilis em equ��deos

Foram estudadas les��es traum��ticas de pele em equ��deos causadas por plantas traum��ticas, conhecidas popularmente como ���dorme-maria���, ���dormideira���, ���arranhadeira���, ���mal��cia��� e ���n��o-me-toque���. O estudo foi conduzido em uma propriedade no munic��pio de Castanhal, regi��o Nordeste do Estado do Par��, onde foram realizadas visitas t��cnicas, estudo epidemiol��gico, coletas de sangue, biopsias de pele afetada e coleta das plantas. Foram estudados 25 equ��deos, sendo 14 machos e 11 f��meas, com idade entre seis meses e oito anos. A pastagem era constitu��da de Brachiaria humidicola e estava intensamente invadida pelas plantas traumatizantes. Os animais apresentaram les��es ulcerativas, de bordos irregulares, na cabe��a (narinas, focinho, l��bios superiores e inferiores e chanfro), na cavidade oral (vest��bulo bucal e gengiva) e nos membros (boletos, metacarpos e metatarsos e articula����o esc��pulo-umeral). No exame histopatol��gico foram observados focos de eros��es cut��neas, caracterizados por perda e necrose da epiderme, com espongiose e degenera����o vesicular da epiderme remanescente, e leve infiltrado inflamat��rio na derme subjacente, constitu��do predominantemente por macr��fagos e, em menor grau, eosin��filos. Foram identificadas duas plantas, Mimosa pudica e Mimosa debilis, ambas da fam��lia Leguminosae Mimosoideae. Baseado nos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que as les��es de pele foram causadas pela a����o traum��tica de Mimosa pudica e Mimosa debilis.

Matura����o de sementes de sabi�� (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.)

P��s-gradua����o em Agronomia - FCAV