[Letter to the editor] Sustained effects of a neural-based intervention in a refractory case of Tourette syndrome

There are only a few treatments available for Tourette syndrome (TS). These treatments frequently do notwork in patients with moderate to severe TS [1]. Neuroimaging studies show a correlation between tics severity and increased activation over motor pathways, along with reduced activation over the control areas of the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits [2]. Moreover, the temporal pattern of tic generation suggests that cortical activation especially in the SMA precedes subcortical activation [3]. Following this assumption, here we explored the brain effects of 10-daily sessions of cathodal transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) delivered over the pre-SMA in a patient with refractory and severe TS and also assessed whether those changes were long lasting (up to 6 months).

Archaeological explorations in Peru. by A.L. Kroeber -- ; Berthold Laufer --, editor.

v.2:no.1(1926)

Roentgenologic studies of Egyptian and Peruvian mummies / by Roy L. Moodie -- ; Berthold Laufer --, editor.

v.3(1931)

Archaeological explorations in Peru. by A.L. Kroeber -- ; Paul S. Martin --, editor.

v.2:no.4(1937)