Adding value to renewables: a one pot process combining microbial cells and hydrogen transfer catalysis to utilise waste glycerol from biodiesel production

Waste glycerol was converted to secondary amines in a one pot reaction, using Clostridium butyricum and catalytic hydrogen transfer-mediated amination.

New families of enantiopure cyclohexenone cis-diol, o-quinol dimer and hydrate metabolites from dioxygenase-catalysed dihydroxylation of phenols

Toluene dioxygenase-catalysed cis-dihydroxylation of phenols has led to the discovery of new enantiopure cyclohexenone cis-diol, o-quinol dimer and phenol hydrate metabolites having synthetic potential.

Multiply reconfigurable ‘plug and play’ molecular logic via self-assembly

A substantial set of ion-driven molecular logic gates are implemented in turn by arranging the association between easily available lumophores and receptors in detergent micelles.

Adsorption mechanisms of removing heavy metals and dyes from aqueous solution using date pits solid adsorbent

A potential usefulness of raw date pits as an inexpensive solid adsorbent for methylene blue (MB), copper ion (Cu2+), and cadmium ion (Cd2+) has been demonstrated in this work. This work was conducted to provide fundamental information from the study of equilibrium adsorption isotherms and to investigate the adsorption mechanisms in the adsorption of MB, Cu2+, and Cd2+ onto raw date pits. The fit of two models, namely Langmuir and Freundlich models, to experimental data obtained from the adsorption isotherms was checked. The adsorption capacities of the raw date pits towards MB and both Cu2+ and Cd2+ ions obtained from Langmuir and Freundlich models were found to be 277.8, 35.9, and 39.5 mg g(-1), respectively. Surface functional groups on the raw date pits surface substantially influence the adsorption characteristics of MB, Cu2+, and Cd2+ onto the raw date pits. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies show clear differences in both absorbances and shapes of the bands and in their locations before and after solute adsorption. Two mechanisms were observed for MB adsorption, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction, while other mechanisms were observed for Cu2+ and Cd2+. For Cu2+, binding two cellulose/lignin units together is the predominant mechanism. For Cd2+. the predominant mechanism is by binding itself using two hydroxyl groups in the cellulose/lignin unit. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A stereocontrolled method for the synthesis of D- and L-2-deoxy-C-nucleosides using an intramolecular Sakurai-type cyclisation reaction

A novel synthetic procedure has been developed that provides access to D/L-2-deoxy-C-nucleosides from 3,4-epoxytetrahydrofuran in seven steps and in moderate to good yields. The key chemical transformation was the Lewis acid catalysed intramolecular cyclisation reaction of an acetal for which the stereochemical outcome was dependent of the reagents' ratio.

The modification of PLA and PLGA using electron-beam radiation

The degradable polymers polylactide (PLA) and polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) have found widespread use in modern medical practice. However, their slow degradation rates and tendency to lose strength before mass have caused problems. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether treatment with e-beam radiation could address these problems. Samples of PLA and PLGA were manufactured and placed in layered stacks, 8.1 mm deep, before exposure to 50 kGy of e-beam radiation from a 1.5 MeV accelerator. Gel permeation chromatography testing showed that the molecular weight of both materials was depth-dependent following irradiation, with samples nearest to the treated surface showing a reduced molecular weight. Samples deeper than 5.4 mm were unaffected. Computer modeling of the transmission of a 1.5 MeV e-beam in these materials corresponded well with these findings. An accelerated mass-loss study of the treated materials found that the samples nearest the irradiated surface initiated mass loss earlier, and at later stages showed an increased percentage mass loss. It was concluded that e-beam radiation could modify the degradation of bioabsorbable polymers to potentially improve their performance in medical devices, specifically for improved orthopedic fixation.

Highly selective and efficient hydrogenation of carboxylic acids to alcohols using titania supported Pt catalysts

Selective hydrogenation of carboxylic acids to alcohols and alkanes has been achieved under remarkably mild reaction temperatures and H-2 pressures (333 K, 0.5 MPa) using Pt/TiO2 catalyst.

Total synthesis of (+)-A83586C, (+)-kettapeptin and (+)-azinothricin: powerful new inhibitors of beta-catenin/TCF4-and E2F-mediated gene transcription

Herein we describe our asymmetric total syntheses of (+)-A83586C, (+)-kettapeptin and (+)-azinothricin. We also demonstrate that molecules of this class powerfully inhibit beta-catenin/TCF4- and E2F-mediated gene transcription within malignant human colon cancer cells at low drug concentrations.

On the dissolution of non-metallic solid elements (sulfur, selenium, tellurium and phosphorus) in ionic liquids

Ionic liquids are shown to be good solvents for elemental sulfur, selenium, phosphorus and tellurium, and can be designed to maximise the solubility of these elements. The presence of the [S-3](center dot-) radical anion in diluted solutions of sulfur in some ionic liquids has been confirmed, and is the origin of their intense blue colour (cf. lapis lazuli).

Is the pinning of ordinary dislocations in γ-TiAl intrinsic or extrinsic in nature? A combined atomistic and kinetic Monte Carlo approach

We address the question of the observed pinning of 1/2

Bis-guanylhydrazone diimidazo[1,2-a:1,2-c]pyrimidine as a novel and specific G-quadruplex binding motif

A bis-guanylhydrazone derivative of diimidazo[1,2-a:1,2-c]pyrimidine has unexpectedly been found to be a potent stabiliser of several quadruplex DNAs, whereas there is no significant interaction with duplex DNA. Molecular modeling suggests that the guanylhydrazone groups play an active role in quadruplex binding.

Selectivity in small molecule binding to human telomeric RNA and DNA quadruplexes

Quadruplex RNAs are less well understood than their DNA counterparts, yet of potentially high biological relevance. The interactions of several quadruplex-binding ligands with telomeric RNA quadruplexes are reported and compared with their binding to the analogous DNA quadruplexes.

The synthesis and characterization of nanophase hydroxyapatite using a novel dispersant-aided precipitation method

The synthesis of nanophase hydroxyapatite (nHA) is of importance in the field of biomaterials and bone tissue engineering. The bioactive and osteoconductive properties of nHA are of much benefit to a wide range of biomedical applications such as producing bone tissue engineered constructs, coating medical implants, or as a carrier for plasmid DNA in gene delivery. This study aimed to develop a novel low-temperature dispersant-aided precipitation reaction to produce nHA particles (

Overcoming hydrolytic sensitivity and low solubility of phosphitylation reagents by combining ionic liquids with mechanochemistry

Ionic liquids have been used in combination with ball milling on a range of chlorophosphoramidite reagents to phosphitylate nucleosides and 2-deoxynucleosides. The enhanced stability offered by the ionic liquid mediated processes combined with efficient mass transfer induced by ball milling has enabled excellent yields to be obtained even when using small dialkyl amino groups as well as the more commonly used diisopropylamino protection.