Dossier: Voces del Caribe / Dossier: La autoficción en América Latina

En este nuevo número de los Cuadernos del CILHA reunimos una serie de trabajos referidos a los temas de la literatura del Caribe y de la autoficción en América Latina. El conjunto de trabajos referidos a la literatura del Caribe constituye un esfuerzo que le debemos a Lancelot Cowie y Nina Bruni, ambos de la University of West Indies, de Trinidad y Tobago. Estos profesores, para mayores datos, han creado en la Universidad anglófona el Centre for Latin America and Caribbean (CENLAC), un centro de estudios de la cultura latinoamericana. El dossier del Caribe, entonces, presenta una serie de investigaciones que abordan nuevas problemáticas y autores poco conocidos en el Cono Sur, por no decir desconocidos debido a la escasa o nula circulación editorial; así como también el dossier contiene trabajos sobre autores consagrados, aunque en esta oportunidad se ofrecen nuevas y renovadas miradas. Los estudios literarios del área del Cono Sur presentan una marcada ausencia de investigaciones sobre la producción caribeña. Entre las razones de tal déficit se puede mencionar la secular incomunicación que existe entre las diversas naciones latinoamericanas, una problemática que abarca por lo menos todo el período republicano, y que se intensifica, en la actualidad, con ciertas políticas editoriales metropolitanas. Una segunda razón, derivada de lo anterior, es el escaso conocimiento del movimiento cultural del Caribe que se posee en el Cono Sur. El título de este dossier, “Voces del Caribe", es bastante elocuente respecto de su contenido, ya que ofrece un panorama a través de discursos polifónicos, plurales y heterogéneos. Ello es así en virtud de que tales características son las que mejor representan el abigarrado universo caribeño, que es además plurirracial, plurilingüístico y caótico, en el sentido que le dio Antonio Benítez Rojo al Caos en su ya clásico estudio sobre la cultura del Caribe, La isla que se repite. Esperamos que con este esfuerzo de los Cuadernos contribuyamos en algo al acercamiento entre el Caribe y el resto de América Latina. El segundo dossier de este número ha estado a cargo de Miriam Di Gerónimo, investigadora y docente de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, especialista en narrativa breve y en la obra de Julio Cortázar. La Dra. Di Gerónimo ha reunido un conjunto de investigadores de prestigio internacional para tratar el tema de la autoficción en la literatura de lengua hispana. Como ella misma dice en la introducción los autores

Diversity of ocean acidification effects on marine N2 fixers

Considering the important role of N2 fixation for primary productivity and CO2 sequestration, it is crucial to assess the response of diazotrophs to ocean acidification. Previous studies on the genus Trichodesmium suggested a strong sensitivity towards ocean acidification. In view of the large functional diversity in N2 fixers, the objective of this study was to improve our knowledge of the CO2 responses of other diazotrophs. To this end, the single-celled Cyanothece sp. and two heterocystous species, Nodularia spumigena and the symbiotic Calothrix rhizosoleniae, were acclimated to two pCO2 levels (380 vs. 980 µatm). Growth rates, cellular composition (carbon, nitrogen and chlorophyll a) as well as carbon and N2 fixation rates (14C incorporation, acetylene reduction) were measured and compared to literature data on different N2 fixers. The three species investigated in this study responded differently to elevated pCO2, showing enhanced, decreased as well as unaltered growth and production rates. For instance, Cyanothece increased production rates with pCO2, which is in line with the general view that N2 fixers benefit from ocean acidification. Due to lowered growth and production of Nodularia, nitrogen input to the Baltic Sea might decrease in the future. In Calothrix, no significant changes in growth or production could be observed, even though N2 fixation was stimulated under elevated pCO2. Reviewing literature data confirmed a large variability in CO2 sensitivity across diazotrophs. The contrasting response patterns in our and previous studies were discussed with regard to the carbonate chemistry in the respective natural habitats, the mode of N2 fixation as well as differences in cellular energy limitation between the species. The group-specific CO2 sensitivities will impact differently on future biogeochemical cycles of open-ocean environments and systems like the Baltic Sea and should therefore be considered in models estimating climate feedback effects.

Combined effects of different CO2 levels and N sources on the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium

To predict effects of climate change and possible feedbacks, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms behind CO2 responses of biogeochemically relevant phytoplankton species. Previous experiments on the abundant N2 fixers Trichodesmium demonstrated strong CO2 responses, which were attributed to an energy reallocation between its carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) acquisition. Pursuing this hypothesis, we manipulated the cellular energy budget by growing Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS101 under different CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) levels (180, 380, 980 and 1400?µatm) and N sources (N2 and NO3-). Subsequently, biomass production and the main energy-generating processes (photosynthesis and respiration) and energy-consuming processes (N2 fixation and C acquisition) were measured. While oxygen fluxes and chlorophyll fluorescence indicated that energy generation and its diurnal cycle was neither affected by pCO2 nor N source, cells differed in production rates and composition. Elevated pCO2 increased N2 fixation and organic C and N contents. The degree of stimulation was higher for nitrogenase activity than for cell contents, indicating a pCO2 effect on the transfer efficiency from N2 to biomass. pCO2-dependent changes in the diurnal cycle of N2 fixation correlated well with C affinities, confirming the interactions between N and C acquisition. Regarding effects of the N source, production rates were enhanced in NO3-grown cells, which we attribute to the higher N retention and lower ATP demand compared with N2 fixation. pCO2 effects on C affinity were less pronounced in NO3- users than N2 fixers. Our study illustrates the necessity to understand energy budgets and fluxes under different environmental conditions for explaining indirect effects of rising pCO2.

Las tres purpuras de Alzira. Bernardo, Maria y Gracia vida y martirio de los tres santos hermanos ...

Contiene: Fe de erratas, Indice de las cosas contenidas a dos col., p. 130-139 ; Indice locorum sacrae, p. 140-146 ; Indice axiomatum, p. 147-150 ; Biografía de S. Bernardo en latín, p. 151-152

Oracion panegirica en la ... fiesta que la ... Iglesia de Valencia hizo, dia 4. de Noviembre de 1714. a sus inclitos martires San Juan de Perusia y San Pedro de Saxoferrato ...

Fecha de la licencia: 1715

[San Vicente Ferrer y San Luís Beltrán] [Material gráfico]

Inscripción en la parte inferior: "EL ORIGINAL DE ESTA IMAGEN de S. VICENTE FERRER que se venera en su Celda del R.al Conv.to de Pred.es de la Ciu.d de Valencia, pintada sobre las tablas en q dormia el Santo; fe desprendiò, consolò, y abraçò, a S. Luis Bertran à ocasion de averse puesto à sus pies afligido por verse elegido Prior de aquel Convento; Como consta en el Proceso de la Canoniçacion del dicho S. Luís"

Land, Labour and Capital Markets in European Agriculture: Diversity under a Common Policy. CEPS Paperback. October 2013

Well-functioning factor markets are an essential condition for the competitiveness and sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas. At the same time, the functioning of the factor markets themselves is influenced by changes in agriculture and the rural economy. Such changes can be the result of progress in technology, globalisation and European market integration, changing consumer preferences and shifts in policy. Changes in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) over the last decade have particularly affected the rural factor markets. This book analyses the functioning of factor markets for agriculture in the EU-27 and several candidate countries. Written by leading academics and policy analysts from various European countries, these chapters compare the different markets, their institutional framework, their impact on agricultural development and structural change, and their interaction with the CAP. As the first comparative study to cover rural factor markets in Europe, highlighting their diversity − despite the Common Agricultural Policy and an integrated single market − Land, Labour & Capital Markets in European Agriculture provides a timely and valuable source of information at a time of further CAP reform and the continuing transformation of the EU's rural areas.

Farm/Household-Level Simulation: Results of Testing Policy and Other Scenarios. Factor Markets Working Document No. 54, June 2013

Among the different production factors, land is the one that most often limits farm development and one of the most studied. The connection between policy and other context variables and land markets is at the core of the policy debate, including the present reform of the Common Agricultural Policy. The proposal of the latter has been published in October 2011 and in Italy it will include the switch of the payment regime from an historical to a regional basis. The authors’ objective is to simulate the impact of the proposed policy reform on the land market, particularly on land values and propensity to transaction. They combine insights and data from a farm household investment model revised and extended in order to simulate the demand curve for land in different policy scenarios and a survey of farmers stated intention carried out in the province of Bologna (Italy) in 2012. Based on these results, the authors calibrate a mathematical programming model of land market exchanges for the province of Bologna and use this model form simulation. The results of the model largely corroborate the results from the survey and both hint at a relevant reaction of the land demand and supply to the shift from the historical to the regionalised payments. As effect, the regionalisation would result in increased rental prices and in a tendency to the re-allocation of land.

The Impact of the SFP System on Italian Farmland Prices and Tenure Contracts. Factor Markets Working Document No. 65, August 2013

EDITED VERSION TO BE PUBLISHED SOON. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the estimation of the potential effects of the CAP reform on propensity to transaction, particularly comparing the effect of different new instruments/policy settings with the current policy (CAP health check) used as a baseline. The work is focused on three of new policy instruments within the post 2013 CAP reform proposal: regionalization, greening and capping. The first and second are analysed in more detail. The analysis will be based on a survey of farmers in the Province of Bologna, Emilia Romagna, Italy. The questionnaire focuses on mechanism of access to land and related incentives towards different land use/economic behaviour. The survey includes information about respondent characteristics (farm, farmer, household and payments received) and stated intention about potential changes in land operated under alternative agricultural policy scenarios (particularly the post-2013 reform proposals).