Procedures as a Representation for Data in a Computer Program for Understanding Natural Language

This paper describes a system for the computer understanding of English. The system answers questions, executes commands, and accepts information in normal English dialog. It uses semantic information and context to understand discourse and to disambiguate sentences. It combines a complete syntactic analysis of each sentence with a "heuristic understander" which uses different kinds of information about a sentence, other parts of the discourse, and general information about the world in deciding what the sentence means. It is based on the belief that a computer cannot deal reasonably with language unless it can "understand" the subject it is discussing. The program is given a detailed model of the knowledge needed by a simple robot having only a hand and an eye. We can give it instructions to manipulate toy objects, interrogate it about the scene, and give it information it will use in deduction. In addition to knowing the properties of toy objects, the program has a simple model of its own mentality. It can remember and discuss its plans and actions as well as carry them out. It enters into a dialog with a person, responding to English sentences with actions and English replies, and asking for clarification when its heuristic programs cannot understand a sentence through use of context and physical knowledge.

La influencia de la participación de Colombia en la Guerra de Corea en la construcción de la nueva mentalidad del Ejército Nacional entre 1951 hasta 1982

Esta investigación busca demostrar la influencia que tuvo la participación de Colombia en la guerra de Corea, en la construcción de una nueva mentalidad en el Ejercito Nacional entre los años de 1951 y 1982. En términos generales, el presente trabajo de investigación pretende estudiar descriptivamente, desde una perspectiva muy poco abordada, la influencia de la de la guerra de Corea en el moldeamiento de la mentalidad de los militares colombianos, a partir de un análisis de los acontecimientos históricos acaecidos en el periodo anteriormente mencionado. Desde el punto de vista de la Ciencia Política, el presente estudio ilustra como a través de una decisión política del gobierno se produce la participación del país en un conflicto internacional, el cual generó un cambio sustancial en la mentalidad del Ejército Nacional, que se tradujo en un avance significativo de la estructuración, concepción y comportamiento del mismo, durante un espacio importante del conflicto armado colombiano.

Descripción y caracterización de la cultura organizacional en Colviseg Ltda.

Se realizó un estudio de cultura organizacional en Colviseg Ltda., empresa de vigilancia y seguridad que opera en la ciudad de Bogotá, con el fin de analizar la estructura y la dinámica de cada una de las áreas, para así describir la cultura organizacional de la empresa de forma concreta y detallada, la cual servirá como “insumo fundamental para diseñar estrategias coherentes y factibles de ejecutar dentro de procesos de cambio organizacional” . Se utilizo la metodología del libro Transformación cultural en las organizaciones : un modelo para la gestión del Cambio. Editorial Limusa S.A. y Universidad del Rosario, del Docente Carlos Eduardo Méndez. La cual contempla los siguientes componentes, el concepto del líder que tiene acerca del hombre, la estructura, el sistema organizacional y los climas organizacionales; claves para desarrollar de forma completa y explicita el concepto de cultura organizacional. Al finalizar el estudio, se pudo evidenciar la importancia que le da la empresa al recurso humano y así mismo se observo la integración entre todas las áreas, las cuales trabajan en pro del mismo objetivo y con la mentalidad de prestar un buen servicio.

Perspectiva geopolítica del desplazamiento forzado en Colombia durante el período 2002-2010. Caso de estudio: franja fronteriza entre los Departamentos de Huila y Tolima

El presente escrito realiza una interpretación alternativa, espacialmente centrada, de la violencia y el desplazamiento forzado en Colombia, desde la teoría neomarxista y la escuela de la regulación, tomando como base la influencia que tienen los intereses y estrategias, eminentemente económicos y políticos, de los actores del conflicto sobre el desplazamiento forzado. Ello, centrándose temporalmente en el período 2002-2010 y tomando como caso de estudio la franja fronteriza entre los Departamentos del Huila y el Tolima, concretamente los Municipios de Planadas y Ataco, al sur del Tolima. La hipótesis planteada establece que el desplazamiento forzado en Colombia, en tanto que fenómeno espacial complejo, tiene variadas causas y diferentes a la violencia, dentro de las que se enlistan los intereses económicos y políticos, en la consolidación del bloque hegemónico territorial. Se inicia con una presentación de los conceptos y planteamientos teóricos de los que parte el análisis, para luego hablar de la mentalidad imperante a nivel global, en términos del modo de regulación y el régimen de acumulación, así como de la malla de actores que componen el bloque hegemónico nacional, sus intereses y estrategias; y finalmente centrarse en el estudio de caso seleccionado, caracterizando los municipios e ilustrando en qué consiste el juego de intereses de los actores del bloque hegemónico local y cuál es su impacto sobre el desplazamiento forzado.

Neuromarketing: en las ventas

El mundo empresarial ha cambiado a través de los años, con el pasar del tiempo se ha vuelto más dinámico, más competido, mas conglomerado, hoy el mundo organizacional se ha expandido de manera tal que casi existen empresas de todo tipo, con variedad de actividades, razones sociales y cada una de ellas perteneciendo y conformado los diferentes sectores de la industria. El mayor reto que una empresa debe enfrentar en tiempos actuales es la capacidad de permanecer competente en el mercado, que perdure en el tiempo y más importante aún que sepa satisfacer las necesidades de sus clientes, sus gustos, sus deseos. El cliente uno de los eslabones claves más importantes para que una empresa sea exitosa, lograr la fidelización de marca (o hacia la misma empresa) y estar siempre en la capacidad de ofrecerle lo que desea encontrar (productos, bienes, servicios) por medio de la innovación y diferenciación. Este trabajo de investigación permitirá al lector conocer una de las herramientas que pueden hacer esto posible, informará cómo se puede llegar a conocer los deseos, y los factores determinantes que llevan a realizar una compra en dicho consumidor con técnicas incursionando en lo más profundo del consumidor (el cerebro), cómo piensa, que espera recibir y todo esto a través de la aplicación del Neuromarketing como influencia en el proceso de compra del consumidor, todo esto con el complemento del trade marketing que entra a impulsar las ventas y la captura del consumidor a través de la comercialización de los productos, mayor rotación de los canales de venta, el manejo en sí de marca que se le da a un producto. El trade marketing es ante todo un cambio de mentalidad para enfrentar las nuevas tendencias y requerimientos del mercado junto con los del consumidor.

Internacionalización de la mora Colombiana a Alemania Frusan (San Bernardo Cundinamarca) una asociación con gran potencial de exportación al mercado aleman

Sin lugar a duda este trabajo cumple con las principales expectativas de un posible emprendedor en la Comercialización de productos al exterior, aquí podemos encontrar las principales bases y sobre todo una estructura para lograr entender el sistema que conforma de un Plan de Exportación, el cual puede ser tomado y fácilmente adaptado a cualquier producto que deseemos Comercializar. Una vez logrado el objetivo de emprender un camino hacia la Comercialización al Exterior, es importante no detenerse con los logros alcanzados, el camino a penas comienza y sin lugar a dudad lo mas importante es lograr perdurar en el tiempo y mantener un equilibrio en el que todos ganemos (Mentalidad de negociación Gana – Gana).

Baldomera: el instinto y la irrupción del cuerpo (Del Fabulador)

La autora parte de la concepción de Alfredo Pareja sobre el acto de escribir (sostiene que a través de sus personajes logró dar vida a sus ideas y proyectos políticos), y afirma que un ejemplo cabal de ella es la construcción de la mulata Baldomera. Reflexiona entonces sobre el autor, a partir de su biografía y de la creación de sus personajes. Baldomera sería una metáfora de la mujer de la época, ubicada entre la sujeción y la búsqueda de una autonomía, en este proceso ella se rebela, no contra los hombres, sino fundamentalmente contra su cuerpo, contra sí misma, evidenciando la doble moral de la mentalidad patriarcal, que persigue la sumisión de la mujer por medio de la violencia. Entonces, "¿qué representa Baldomera? Es un cuerpo roto, escindido, marcado y sufriente. Una muestra de la obscenidad de la miseria".

La espiritualidad mundana en Cuenca a inicios del siglo XVIII. El caso de Martina Catalina de Barzallo (Estudios)

El ensayo examina el proceso judicial de una monja en Cuenca, a inicios del siglo XVIII, que buscaba regresar a la ""vida mundana"" y anular su profesión y hábito. Este caso permite mostrar la mentalidad barroca, acercarse a la construcción cultural del cuerpo y a la situación de las mujeres. A partir de los fragmentos disponibles del juicio, el artículo sugiere que Martina Catalina de Barzallo reivindicó el retomo a la vida mundana y el rechazo a las prácticas coercitivas propias de la vida monástica.

High-throughput proteomics using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization mass spectrometry

It has become evident that the mystery of life will not be deciphered just by decoding its blueprint, the genetic code. In the life and biomedical sciences, research efforts are now shifting from pure gene analysis to the analysis of all biomolecules involved in the machinery of life. One area of these postgenomic research fields is proteomics. Although proteomics, which basically encompasses the analysis of proteins, is not a new concept, it is far from being a research field that can rely on routine and large-scale analyses. At the time the term proteomics was coined, a gold-rush mentality was created, promising vast and quick riches (i.e., solutions to the immensely complex questions of life and disease). Predictably, the reality has been quite different. The complexity of proteomes and the wide variations in the abundances and chemical properties of their constituents has rendered the use of systematic analytical approaches only partially successful, and biologically meaningful results have been slow to arrive. However, to learn more about how cells and, hence, life works, it is essential to understand the proteins and their complex interactions in their native environment. This is why proteomics will be an important part of the biomedical sciences for the foreseeable future. Therefore, any advances in providing the tools that make protein analysis a more routine and large-scale business, ideally using automated and rapid analytical procedures, are highly sought after. This review will provide some basics, thoughts and ideas on the exploitation of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization in biological mass spectrometry - one of the most commonly used analytical tools in proteomics - for high-throughput analyses.

High-throughput proteomics using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry

It has become evident that the mystery of life will not be deciphered just by decoding its blueprint, the genetic code. In the life and biomedical sciences, research efforts are now shifting from pure gene analysis to the analysis of all biomolecules involved in the machinery of life. One area of these postgenomic research fields is proteomics. Although proteomics, which basically encompasses the analysis of proteins, is not a new concept, it is far from being a research field that can rely on routine and large-scale analyses. At the time the term proteomics was coined, a gold-rush mentality was created, promising vast and quick riches (i.e., solutions to the immensely complex questions of life and disease). Predictably, the reality has been quite different. The complexity of proteomes and the wide variations in the abundances and chemical properties of their constituents has rendered the use of systematic analytical approaches only partially successful, and biologically meaningful results have been slow to arrive. However, to learn more about how cells and, hence, life works, it is essential to understand the proteins and their complex interactions in their native environment. This is why proteomics will be an important part of the biomedical sciences for the foreseeable future. Therefore, any advances in providing the tools that make protein analysis a more routine and large-scale business, ideally using automated and rapid analytical procedures, are highly sought after. This review will provide some basics, thoughts and ideas on the exploitation of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization in biological mass spectrometry - one of the most commonly used analytical tools in proteomics - for high-throughput analyses.

Beliefs, cultures, proliferation and use of nuclear weapons

This article demonstrates the centrality of mentality, culture, beliefs and historical lessons for nuclear prolifertion. Using the historical casestudies of Britain, France, and West Germany, it encourages researchers to look at the mentality/culture of potential proliferators rather than apply a culture-less "Realist" IR theory approach that assumes that desicion-makers the world over think like Bismarck.

The Concept of ’Selling/Buying’ in the Russian Linguistic Picture of the World : from standard to sub-standard

The thesis belongs to the field of lexical semantics studies, associated with describing the Russian linguistic world-image. The research focuses on the universal situation of purchase and sale as reflected in the Russian lexical standard and sub-standard. The work deals also with subjects related to the sphere of social linguistics: the social stratification of the language, the structure of sub-standard, etc. The thesis is a contribution to the description of the Russian linguistic world-image as well as to the further elaboration of the conceptional analysis method. The results are applicable in teaching Russian as a foreign language, particularly in lexis and Russian culture and mentality studies.

Elitutbildning: en strategi för erkännande? : En studie om anti-diskrimineringsstrategier bland juriststudenter med ursprung i Mellanöstern

Elite Education: a strategy for recognition? A study on anti-discrimination strategies among law-students of Middle Eastern background While research show that individuals of foreign background are being discriminated against and stigmatized in Sweden, an increasing number of them still choose higher education and also show a tendency towards choosing an elite education. In this article, I examine if there is a link between experiences of discrimination and the choice of elite education. The study is based upon semi-structured interviews with five female and five male law students of Middle Eastern background. The findings show that discrimination, either against the students or their parents, has led to a high study motivation where the choice of elite education can be understood as an anti-discrimination strategy. Other anti-discrimination strategies are to resist a victim mentality and to destigmatize by challenging stereotypes. These anti-discrimination strategies can be understood as strategies for recognition, that is, striving for equality by being ascribed a positive status.

The Cultural Construction of the Maine Sporting Camps

Maine sporting camps were a cultural and social phenomenon of the urban upper and middle class. They originated in Maine in the late 1870s and early 1880s and reached their zenith around the turn of the century with over 160 in operation in eight of the sixteen counties in Maine in 1906. The period from 1880 until World War I can be considered the 'golden era' of the Maine sporting camps. After the war, with technological advancements such as the outboard motor, the proliferation of the automobile, and the introduction of a road system into rural Maine, the camps underwent significant change that warrants an entirely different cultural analysis. A number of elements came together to produce a cultural atmosphere permissive of sporting camp creation in Maine. These include changing national views upon nature, health, sport and the leisure time in which to pursue them. In the late nineteenth century, with the rise of large industrially based cities, overcrowding fostered crime and disease. An upper and middle class emerged that desired escape and separation from the lower classes. Maine was chosen for such an escape because it offered, through sporting camps, a chance to "get back to nature," by pursuing the healthful activities of hunting and fishing. At the same time these urban sportsmen and sportswomen distinguished themselves on the social Hierarchical scale from the rural inhabitants. What happened in rural Maine during the period between 1880 and World War I was the introduction of a new cultural order on the landscape. Coming primarily from urban centers on the East Coast of the United States were men, women and children who looked to Maine for vacations. These vacations were designed to put them in touch with nature by pursuing healthful activities, especially those of fishing and hunting. Coming from an environment that emphasized social standing, they ensured that these trips would perpetuate this hierarchy. They experienced nature through the Maine sporting camps, which provided them with the services and skills necessary to experience it while enjoying a degree of luxury that they were accustomed to in the urban world. The Maine sporting camps were a cultural manifestation of the urban upper and middle class, the groups that the camps were established to serve. Despite this the camps did not represent a structural duplication of urban society. Instead, the camps represented a cultural construction that was produced by interaction between members of two different conceptual and physical worlds, the blending of which, on a social level, was determined by urban mentality and rural knowledge. In the production of a cultural world meaningful to the clients, the rural world of the Maine woods was altered to meet their needs. It was not a one-sided process, however, as the clients were forced to acknowledge the importance of the rural inhabitants on the basis of their value to the clients.

A logística militar e o serviço de intendência: uma análise do programa excelência gerencial do Exército Brasileiro

This study has the purpose to analyze some of the programs and measures adopted by the Brazilian Army, as well as eventual contributions, for the modernization of its Logistics. Thus, focus one of the main devices of logistic support of the Forces, the Quartermaster, approaching some roles performed by this Service that comprises the current conception of the Army Logistics. This modernization process is mainly developed through a excellence program implemented for the whole Army aiming, amongst other factors, the adoption of managerial practices leading to a better operational performance and to the improvement of the Institution' services and products quality: the Managerial Excellence Program of the Brazilian Army (PEG-EB). Here, the Logistics is deemed as key part for the organizational success and one of the main factors of competitive differential of companies, directly related to costs reduction and increase in the level of services provided for the customers. For the Army, the improvement and update of logistic doctrine emerge as priority for achieving the goals, especially focusing the need to integrated the logistics activities, in order to optimize the resources available, reduce costs and prioritize its actions. While searching for an integrated approach for its logistics, the Army created a central body with the responsibility to coordinate all the supply chain of its Units: the Logistic Department (D Log). This body centrally coordinates a major segment of logistics functions in the Forces. The conclusion states that the development of this mentality about the internal integration of activities will allow a rationalization of the management process, increasing the indexes of availability of material from military organizations, and consequently a serviceability gain for the Brazilian Army.