Diversity of sand flies in domiciliary environment of Santarém, state of Pará, Brazil: species composition and abundance patterns in rural and urban areas

This paper aimed to evaluate the richness, abundance and frequency of sand fly occurrence in rural and urban areas American visceral Leishmaniasis -AVL is endemic in the study area of Santarém municipality, Pará state. Sand flies were collected during 1995-2000, using CDC light traps placed in neighborhoods and rural areas of the municipality. A total of 53.454 individuals and 26 species of sand flies were collected. The most abundant species in both urban and rural environments was Lutzomyia longipalpis, vector of AVL in the area. The highest species richness by capture was in rural area. In all years sampled, the largest number of species of sand fly collected was always in rural areas. The species of sand flies in urban and rural area were similar in 11 species. In the rural area other 11 species were found, a total of 22 species. Shannon-Wiener index ranged from 0.12 to 0.84 at rural areas and 0.08 to 0.34 at urban ones. In general, rural localities showed higher diversity (H') of phlebotomines than urban ones. Individual-based rarefaction curves for each area demonstrated that urban localities had the lowest expected number of phlebotomine species and the richest rural ones reach higher expected values with lower amount of individuals than urban sites. The most frequent species were Lutzomyia longipalpis, Evandromyia carmelinoi and Bichromomyia flaviscutellata.

Localization of MCT2 at peroxisomes is associated with malignant transformation in prostate cancer

Previous studies on monocarboxylate transporters expression in prostate cancer (PCa) have shown that monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) was clearly overexpressed in prostate malignant glands, pointing it out as a putative biomarker for PCa. However, its localization and possible role in PCa cells remained unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that MCT2 localizes mainly at peroxisomes in PCa cells and is able to take advantage of the peroxisomal transport machinery by interacting with Pex19. We have also shown an increase in MCT2 expression from non-malignant to malignant cells that was directly correlated with its peroxisomal localization. Upon analysis of the expression of several peroxisomal ß-oxidation proteins in PIN lesions and PCa cells from a large variety of human prostate samples, we suggest that MCT2 presence at peroxisomes is related to an increase in ß -oxidation levels which may be crucial for malignant transformation. Our results present novel evidence that may not only contribute to the study of PCa development mechanisms but also pinpoint novel targets for cancer therapy.

A study of risk-aware program transformation

In the trend towards tolerating hardware unreliability, accuracy is exchanged for cost savings. Running on less reliable machines, functionally correct code becomes risky and one needs to know how risk propagates so as to mitigate it. Risk estimation, however, seems to live outside the average programmer’s technical competence and core practice. In this paper we propose that program design by source-to-source transformation be risk-aware in the sense of making probabilistic faults visible and supporting equational reasoning on the probabilistic behaviour of programs caused by faults. This reasoning is carried out in a linear algebra extension to the standard, `a la Bird-Moor algebra of programming. This paper studies, in particular, the propagation of faults across standard program transformation techniques known as tupling and fusion, enabling the fault of the whole to be expressed in terms of the faults of its parts.

Transformacion de Productos Regionales mediante procesos catalíticos. Transformation of Regional products by catalytic processes.

En este proyecto se plantea la posibilidad de aumentar el valor agregado de compuestos abundantes en nuestro país (terpenos y glicerol) mediante reacciones de oxidación y transesterificación, reemplazando los procesos homogéneos existentes por procesos heterogéneos eco-compatibles. Para ello se desarrollarán catalizadores heterogéneos del tipo MCM-41 e hidroxidos de doble capa (HDC) que posean la función activa específica para estas reacciones bajo estudio.El limoneno, principal componente del aceite esencial de limón y los alfa- y beta- pinenos, presentes en el aceite de trementina, son materiales base ampliamente disponibles. Su oxifuncionalización catalítica, mediante reacciones de epoxidación u oxidación alilica, permite producir una gran variedad de productos como fragancias, agroquímicos, medicinas, etc. En tanto, se espera un marcado incremento en la disponibilidad de glicerol, subproducto de la producción de biodiesel. Mediante su transesterificación catalítica heterogénea es posible obtener selectivamente monoésteres, los cuales tienen importantes aplicaciones como emulsionantes o agentes de estabilización en la producción de fármacos, cosméticos y alimentos. El diseño y síntesis de los materiales catalíticos mencionados permitirá la obtención de productos químicos finos por métodos limpios con bajo impacto ambiental, atendiendo a los altos niveles de contaminación ambiental generados por los procesos homogéneos tradicionales.

The beginnings of life: being some account of the nature, modes of origin and transformation of lower organisms. By H. Charlton Bastian.

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Unwahrscheinlichkeit gelingender Reformen in russischen Betrieben : ein organisationssoziologischer Beitrag zum Verständnis der postsozialistischen Transformation in Russland

Transformation, Russia, system theory, organistion theory, enterprises, reform, post-sovietic, organization building, management consulting

Entwicklung nachhaltiger Synthesemethoden zur atomökonomischen Transformation von 1-Vinylpropargylalkoholen mit Übergangsmetallkomplexen redoxaktiver Liganden als Katalysatoren

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Verfahrens- und Systemtechnik, Diss., 2014

Fashioning tradition : Maya huipiles in the Field Museum Collections / J. Claire Odland.

n.s. no.38(2006)

Malignant transformation of a rat fibroma by the treatment with an anti-fibrosing drug: CY-168F (Plastenan)

Fifteen albino (Sprague Dawley) rats with subcutaneous transplanted fibromas was used in the present study. The tumour was formed by typical fibroblasts in a dense collagen matrix and was provenient from a fibroma that appeared spontaneously in an albino rat of the same strain. Ultrastructurally collagen disclosed normal periodicity and the fibroblasts showed irregular notched nuclei with irregular distribution of chromatin, that suggests transitional aspects to fibrosarcoma. The 15 animals, from different passage groups, were divided into: 8 animals submitted to treatment with the drug acexamic acid (CY-168F) - N acetyl-amino-6-hexanoic acid (plastenan) and 7 untreated control animals. Three of the treated animals showed a malignant transformation to fibrosarcoma. transitional histological features from typical fibroma to highly indifferentiated fibrosarcoma could be detected in come animal subjected to repeated biopsies. Ultrastructural study disclosed nuclear alterations and hyperactive ergastoplasm and collagen containing inclusions into the cytoplasm of fibroblasts. In the group of 7 untreated naimals, no malignant transformation could be detected histologically. Two aspects deserve attention: the malignant potential of a typical fibroma and the apparent effect of an antifibrosing drug in inducing malignization of this tumour.

Inequality across countries in energy intensities: an analysis of the role of energy transformation and final energy consumption

This paper analyzes the role of the energy transformation index and of final energy consumption per GDP unit in the disparities in energy intensity across countries. In that vein, we use a Theil decomposition approach to analyze global primary energy intensity inequality as well as inequality across different regions of the world and inequality within these regions. The paper first demonstrates the pre-eminence of divergence in final energy consumption per GDP unit in explaining global primary energy intensity inequality and its evolution during the 1971-2006 period. Secondly, it shows the lower (albeit non negligible) impact of the transformation index in global primary energy inequality. Thirdly, the relevance of regions as unit of analysis in studying crosscountry energy intensity inequality and their explanatory factors is highlighted. And finally, how regions around the world differ as to the relevance of the energy transformation index in explaining primary energy intensity inequality.

Estudio comparativo de conocimientos y percepciones ambientales sobre la Reserva de la Biosfera de Sian Ka'an entre estudiantes de primaria de comunidades maya, México

El estudio analiza y compara las percepciones y conocimientos ambientales que estudiantes de primaria del municipio maya de Felipe Carrillo Puerto tienen sobre la vecina Reserva de la Biósfera de Sian Ka’an (RBSK) en términos de biodiversidad, con el fin de evaluar y elaborar programas de Educación Ambiental (EA) dirigidos a promover la protección de este espacio natural. Se analizan dibujos, cuestionarios y encuestas recogidos en tres comunidades maya que difieren en su proximidad a la RBSK y en su nivel de urbanización. Los resultados indican que los niños en general desconocen la RBSK y la biodiversidad de la zona. Para aumentar el conocimiento ambiental de los alumnos se propone potenciar el conocimiento vivencial, mantener la lengua y cultura maya y el contacto de ésta con la naturaleza y potenciar la afinidad del maestro por la temática ambiental y por la RBSK.