949 resultados para Maria Beatriz Serpa Branco
Resumo:
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal elucidar as implicações de se relatar contos de fadas às crianças em idade pré-escolar, destacando-se suas origens histórico- culturais e a sua função psicopedagógica. Com subsidios obtidos em obras de alguns autores da área de história, literatura, filosofia, psicologia e pedagogia, foi feita uma análise considerando-se alguns tópicos, dentre os quais a possibilidade de serem os contos mitos transformados, cuja evolução ou construção da narrativa tem uma característica análoga aos ritos iniciáticos das sociedades consideradas "primitivas" ou pré-letradas. Neste sentido, trazem em seu bojo a nossa herança cultural. Além disso, possuem função psicopedagógica, que possibilita à criança em idade pré-escolar identificar-se com a imagem arquetípica do herói ou heroina, na medida em que estes passam por provações, e adotar uma postura positiva frente às mesmas. Argumentou-se, ainda, quanto às criticas de que estas narrativas têm sido alvo, como, por exemplo, a sua "crueldade", a visão de mundo "deturpada e irreal" que elas promoveriam de acordo com alguns autores que privilegiam o racionalismo, e o papel "degradante e passivo" destinado a algumas personagens femininas de algumas histórias. Conclui-se o trabalho avaliando-se o papel doscontos de fadas no contexto pré-escolar, e de que forma a experiência de relatá-los às crianças pode ser enriquecedora do ponto de vista pedagógico. Apoiando-se na abordagem junguiana, trata-se de um trabalho de pesquisa e análise teórica que visa ampliar, esclarecer, bem como justificar o papel dos contos de fadas na educação pré-escolar, levando-se em conta suas funções psicopedagógicas e o seu caráter socializante, na medida em que a criança tem acesso a valores sócio-culturais que predominaram e ainda repercutem nas relações sociais contemporâneas.
Resumo:
Este trabalho pretende investigar os estereótipos positivos e ou negativos quando consideradas como variáveis sexo, status e cor. Foi usado um instrumento composto de oito desenhos, estímulo e quatro desenhos - resposta. A amostra foi composta de 48 sujeitos universitários e 34 sujeitos semi-alfabetizados. A hipótese básica testada foi que: Ha estereótipos positivos e negativos relativos a sexo, status e cor em situações de conotação positiva (trabalho e escola) e de conotação negativa (botquim e vadiagem). A hipótese nula básica foi rejeitada, nos dois grupos, no que diz respeito as variáveis sexo e status, mas não o foi em relação a variável cor. Foram feitas sugestões para pesquisas futuras.
Resumo:
Este trabalho analisa e discute a gestão da implantação do ProInfo no Espírito Santo, como uma política voltada para a democratização do acesso às Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação - TIC nas escolas públicas. Esta ação envolveria mudanças nas práticas pedagógicas e também de administração escolar, visando a melhoria da qualidade do ensino com acesso às novas tecnologias, dentro do princípio da gestão democrática no ensino público. O trabalho tem uma perspectiva avaliadora do processo e dos resultados da política implantada. Na revisão da literatura foram destacados os conceitos de inovação tecnológica, democratização da educação e das TIC e de gestão democrática, segundo autores como Garcia (1996), Costa (2002), Luce (1986), Sander (2002), Mendonça (2000). Como estudo de caso, a pesquisa envolveu um relato conciso do ProInfo/MEC como marco de referência política, administrativa e pedagógica; a descrição do ProInfo/ES, com organização de dados e reflexão, circunscritos ao período de 1997 a 2003; e conclui com um ensaio avaliativo. Aponta para a importância de que a apropriação de novas tecnologias pelo sistema educacional seja planejada não apenas nos aspectos de ordem pedagógica, mas também considere os elementos do contexto no qual a ação educativa se desenvolve e estabelece relações, como a escola, a família, o trabalho e a comunidade, bem como com as questões mais amplas da cultura, da economia e a política. A relevância social e pedagógica das tecnologias depende do contexto onde estão inseridas, da participação e envolvimento dos atores, da integração das estruturas do sistema educacional, da continuidade das políticas adotadas, na abertura para que cada unidade de ensino defina o seu projeto de uso das TIC, da definição de responsabilidades em todas as instâncias envolvidas e, principalmente, de instrumentos adequados de acompanhamento e avaliação.
Resumo:
Este estudo concentrou-se num projeto educativo a partir da reflexão sobre o tema: o serviço educativo museológico, especificamente sobre um estudo de caso de O Museu A Cidade do Açúcar, localizado na cidade do Funchal. Pretendeu-se com este estudo analisar um conjunto de fatores de modo a aferir como os museus podem funcionar numa vertente mais educacional do que institucional, ou seja, libertarem-se do seu espaço físico e ir de encontro ao público. Este trabalho desenvolveu-se a partir de uma abordagem de utilização de ambientes virtuais criados pelo autor, com intuito de potencializar a aprendizagem e promoveu uma experiencia diferente aos alunos. Esta análise foi feita através de duas metodologias a documental e empírica, em relação à segunda foram elaborados diferentes inquéritos preenchidos por alunos e por professores (501 no total), que continham questões sobre a importância da realização deste género de serviço educativo, a relação entre o Museu e a Escola e a relação entre o espólio museológico e os currículos escolares dos conteúdos programáticos das disciplinas de Historia e Estudo do Meio, ou seja, alunos do 4º, 6º e 8ºanos de escolaridade. Assim o Museu tendo uma função cultural ao longo dos séculos, viu recentemente aparecer novas abordagens da museologia. Neste sentido ele tem hoje outras responsabilidades sociais, nomeadamente o de constituir-se como um meio de comunicação entre os vários públicos, através de suportes informáticos. A finalidade deste projeto visou colocar o museu junto das escolas, desenvolveu a capacidade crítica ou estimular a criatividade dos alunos, conduzindo-os a aprendizagem de novos conceitos. A análise global deste projeto revelou que os alunos e professores consideraram que esta apresentação virtual do Museu a Cidade do Açúcar foi muito importante para aproximar as escolas do museu.
Resumo:
This dissertation aims to look into the structure of the event Circuito Regional de Performance BodeArte1 to think how it collaborate with its proposal providing theoretical points to relevant questions to the comprehension of Brazilian performance art in contemporaneity, since its conceptual format until its occurrence and practical limitations. From this proposition the dissertation is organized into three chapters guided for the following aspects: the resumption of the events encompassed on the occurrence of Circuit BodeArte as well as a tabulation of the data reunited in its history, the presentation of its conceptual choices, and the metaphors conducted by the use of the term performance and how they can lead us to the idea of a performance-as-BodeArte. The methodological structures moved for this organization are qualitative, and have been formed from printed materials, texts, festival programs, blog, videos, photos, interviews, lectures and forums, plus our own memory as a producer and performer of the event, looking through these set points of the epistemological organization contained on the proposal of the Circuito, expanding and discussing them. This way this research moves between the propositions of this event in its three editions, promoting discussions that dialogue with concepts such as the emergence of Steve Johnson (2004), the metaphors of thought proposed by Christine Greiner (2005), the idea of performance hacker of Maria Beatriz de Medeiros (AQUINO, et al., 2012), as well as other propositions presented by Jan Swidzinski (2005) and Eleonora Fabião (2012)
Resumo:
Actually in the oil industry biotechnological approaches represent a challenge. In that, attention to metal structures affected by electrochemical corrosive processes, as well as by the interference of microorganisms (biocorrosion) which affect the kinetics of the environment / metal interface. Regarding to economical and environmental impacts reduction let to the use of natural products as an alternative to toxic synthetic inhibitors. This study aims the employment of green chemistry by evaluating the stem bark extracts (EHC, hydroalcoholic extract) and leaves (ECF, chloroform extract) of plant species Croton cajucara Benth as a corrosion inhibitor. In addition the effectiveness of corrosion inhibition of bioactive trans-clerodane dehydrocrotonin (DCTN) isolated from the stem bark of this Croton was also evaluated. For this purpose, carbon steel AISI 1020 was immersed in saline media (3,5 % NaCl) in the presence and absence of a microorganism recovered from a pipeline oil sample. Corrosion inhibition efficiency and its mechanisms were investigated by linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance. Culture-dependent and molecular biology techniques were used to characterize and identify bacterial species present in oil samples. The tested natural products EHC, ECF and DCTN (DMSO as solvent) in abiotic environment presented respectively, corrosion inhibition efficiencies of 57.6% (500 ppm), 86.1% (500 ppm) and 54.5% (62.5 ppm). Adsorption phenomena showed that EHC best fit Frumkin isotherm and ECF to Temkin isotherm. EHC extract (250 ppm) dissolved in a polar microemulsion system (MES-EHC) showed significant maximum inhibition efficiency (93.8%) fitting Langmuir isotherm. In the presence of the isolated Pseudomonas sp, EHC and ECF were able to form eco-compatible organic films with anti-corrosive properties
Resumo:
The ethanol is the most overused psychoactive drug over the world; this fact makes it one of the main substances required in toxicological exams nowadays. The development of an analytical method, adaptation or implementation of a method known, involves a process of validation that estimates its efficiency in the laboratory routine and credibility of the method. The stability is defined as the ability of the sample of material to keep the initial value of a quantitative measure for a defined period within specific limits when stored under defined conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the method of Gas chromatography and study the stability of ethanol in blood samples, considering the variables time and temperature of storage, and the presence of preservative and, with that check if the conditions of conservation and storage used in this study maintain the quality of the sample and preserve the originally amount of analyte present. Blood samples were collected from 10 volunteers to evaluate the method and to study the stability of ethanol. For the evaluation of the method, part of the samples was added to known concentrations of ethanol. In the study of stability, the other side of the pool of blood was placed in two containers: one containing the preservative sodium fluoride 1% and the anticoagulant heparin and the other only heparin, was added ethanol at a concentration of 0.6 g/L, fractionated in two bottles, one being stored at 4ºC (refrigerator) and another at -20ºC (freezer), the tests were performed on the same day (time zero) and after 1, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 60 days of storage. The assessment found the difference in results during storage in relation to time zero. It used the technique of headspace associated with gas chromatography with the FID and capillary column with stationary phase of polyethylene. The best analysis of chromatographic conditions were: temperature of 50ºC (column), 150ºC (jet) and 250ºC (detector), with retention time for ethanol from 9.107 ± 0.026 and the tercbutanol (internal standard) of 8.170 ± 0.081 minutes, the ethanol being separated properly from acetaldehyde, acetone, methanol and 2-propanol, which are potential interfering in the determination of ethanol. The technique showed linearity in the concentration range of 0.01 and 3.2 g/L (0.8051 x + y = 0.6196; r2 = 0.999). The calibration curve showed the following equation of the line: y = x 0.7542 + 0.6545, with a linear correlation coefficient equal to 0.996. The average recovery was 100.2%, the coefficients of variation of accuracy and inter intra test showed values of up to 7.3%, the limit of detection and quantification was 0.01 g/L and showed coefficient of variation within the allowed. The analytical method evaluated in this study proved to be fast, efficient and practical, given the objective of this work satisfactorily. The study of stability has less than 20% difference in the response obtained under the conditions of storage and stipulated period, compared with the response obtained at time zero and at the significance level of 5%, no statistical difference in the concentration of ethanol was observed between analysis. The results reinforce the reliability of the method of gas chromatography and blood samples in search of ethanol, either in the toxicological, forensic, social or clinic
Resumo:
Alcohol is one of the few psychotropic drugs that their consumption has admitted legally and sometimes encouraged by the society. Studies show alcohol as the highest consumption of drugs among young people and society in general, probably because of its availability and easy access. The abuse causes public health problems, which was closely related to the violence, socioeconomic problems and the high number of automobile accidents. Transit is one of the main sectors affected by the effects of alcohol, observing a high incidence in the studies. About half of automobile accidents occurs after the consumption of alcoholic beverage, and the vast majority of cases related to high concentrations of alcohol in the bloodstream. The relationship of drunk with traffic accidents is in fact evident everywhere in the world, including Brazil, where studies have shown a high relationship between alcohol consumption and traffic accidents. This study determined the alcohol in fatal victims of traffic accidents in the state of Rio Grande do Norte and established the profile of this population compared with those found in Brazil and other countries. Samples of blood of ethanol added to fulfillment of the standardization of chromatographic conditions and procedures for the analysis, being employed in the determination of alcohol in blood samples of 277 victims of traffic accidents, collected at the Institute of Scientific Technical Police of Rio Grande do North (ITEP) in the year 2007. The blood alcohol level was determined in these samples correlated with the sex, age and marital status of the victim and the location, day of week and month when the accident occurred, is doing a statistical analysis and outlining a profile of the victims of an accident at transit in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The parameters of standardization studied ensured the quality of the analytical method and, consequently, to obtain reliable laboratory results. Being given the best temperature for injector (150 ºC), detector (250 ºC) and column (50 ºC) with a flow of gas in the column of 2mL/minutos and analysis of time of 12 minutes. The method was linear in the range of 0.01 to 3.2 g / L (r2 = 0.9989) with average recovery of 100.2% and precision with coefficient of variation less than 15%. The analysis carried out on victims of fatal road traffic accidents, ethanol detected in the blood in 66.43% of the victims and these, 96% showed concentration ≥ 0.2 g / L, 87.73% of victims were male, while 12.27% female. The younger age group (1535 years) was the most involved (52,35%) and most single (55.60%). The accidents occurred with greater prevalence in the day on Monday (27%) followed by Sunday (24,19%) and Saturday (15,52%) and it was found that the prevalence of injuries varied between the different months of the year, and in February (14.4%) and April (10.47%) the months that had a higher number of accidents, however this oscillation showed no statistically significant difference. Also no significant difference was observed between the tracks of concentration found in men and women. The standardized method showed to be efficient, given satisfactorily to the goals of this work, and the high levels of alcohol found in victims of fatal road traffic accidents are consistent with several studies of literature, and the profile of the victim also supported by presenting in its most young adults, male and single