Stratigraphisch-Fazielle Untersuchungen an Dogger- und Malmzeitlichen Ablagerungen im Raum Wolfsburg (Ost-Niedersachsen)

Ziel der Arbeit ist es, ein genaueres Bild über Stratigraphie, Ablagerungsraum und Paläogeographie von Dogger und Malm des Raumes Wolfsburg zu erlangen. Dabei wurden u.a. zur Klärung insbesonders stratigraphischer Fragen Fossilien der neubestimmten Sammlung ROLKE herangezogen.

Consulta de Enfermagem ao doente portador de PMD e CDI

Os cuidados de saúde sempre se pautaram por uma indissociável ligação ao constante desenvolvimento do conhecimento científico médico e de enfermagem, com a particularidade de, nos últimos anos, ter sido acompanhado por um desenvolvimento biotecnológico que tem permitido melhorar a qualidade de vida dos portadores de doença crónica, nomeadamente os indivíduos com patologia cardíaca. Através da evolução dos dispositivos implantáveis como pacemakers, cardioversores desfibrilhadores e geradores de ressincronização cardíaca, foi possível prolongar a vida e melhorar a sua qualidade em doenças que no início do século XX matavam muitas pessoas. Apesar da implantação destes dispositivos não implicar uma alteração importante no estilo de vida, está inerente a algumas preocupações e sentimentos de ansiedade, relacionadas sobretudo com as actividades de vida diária. Estas preocupações e focos de ansiedade podem resultar de mitos, falta de informação e desenvolvimento de ideias erradas acerca da vida enquanto portador de um dispositivo (BEERY et al., 2002; WOOD & ELLENBOGEN, 2002; WOODRUFF & PRUDENTE, 2005; MALM et al., 2007). O principal foco do desenvolvimento de mitos relacionados com a vida enquanto portadores de dispositivos de pacing e desfibrilhação, está relacionado com a (des)informação fornecida por não profissionais de saúde que integram o circulo social do doente, nomeadamente familiares, vizinhos e outros (BEERY et al., 2002; MALM & HALLBERG, 2006). A equipa de enfermagem do Serviço de Cardiologia do Hospital Fernando Fonseca mantém em funcionamento a consulta de enfermagem ao doente portador de pacemaker e/ou CDI desde há cerca de 18 anos. Nos últimos anos foram sendo realizadas algumas alterações no sentido de melhorar a consulta e os cuidados prestados a estes doentes.

Edukacja i kultura. Studium nad szkolnictwem obowiązkowym w Szwecji

Wydział Studiów Edukacyjnych

The prevalence of genotypes that determine resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins B compared with spiramycin susceptibility among erythromycin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis

Coagulase-negative staphylococci, particularly Staphylococcus epidermidis , can be regarded as potential reservoirs of resistance genes for pathogenic strains, e.g., Staphylococcus aureus . The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of different resistance phenotypes to macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramins B (MLSB) antibiotics among erythromycin-resistant S. epidermidis, together with the evaluation of genes promoting the following different types of MLSB resistance: ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA, mphC, and linA/A’. Susceptibility to spiramycin was also examined. Among 75 erythromycin-resistant S. epidermidis isolates, the most frequent phenotypes were macrolides and streptogramins B (MSB) and constitutive MLSB (cMLSB). Moreover, all strains with the cMLSB phenotype and the majority of inducible MLSB (iMLSB) isolates were resistant to spiramycin, whereas strains with the MSB phenotype were sensitive to this antibiotic. The D-shape zone of inhibition around the clindamycin disc near the spiramycin disc was found for some spiramycin-resistant strains with the iMLSB phenotype, suggesting an induction of resistance to clindamycin by this 16-membered macrolide. The most frequently isolated gene was ermC, irrespective of the MLSB resistance phenotype, whereas the most often noted gene combination was ermC, mphC, linA/A’. The results obtained showed that the genes responsible for different mechanisms of MLSB resistance in S. epidermidis generally coexist, often without the phenotypic expression of each of them.

Kollektivtrafik som transformativ kraft för levande och hållbara städer

Denna studie uppmärksammar kollektivtrafik som transformativ förändringskraft i städer. I studien talas om att se kollektivtrafik som ryggraden i hållbar mobilitet och en möjliggörare för förändring, med visionen att bygga en stad för människor. En levande och attraktiv stad där kollektivtrafik sätts in i ett större sammanhang för att underlätta människors vardag.  Sveriges tre största stadsregioner; Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö har studerats. För att på ett djupare plan förstå dessa förändringsprocesser har även sju internationella jämförelsestudier tagits fram (Freiburg, Zürich, London, Paris, Singapore, Kapstaden och Buenos Aires), liksom en konceptuell och teoretisk analys- och tolkningsram. Såväl de svenska som utländska fallstudierna pekar på att det finns många utmaningar i växande stadsregioner.  Studien ger en ökad insikt om att kollektivtrafik kan vara ett verktyg att bryta sociala och miljömässiga utmaningar, liksom mobilitetsutmaningar. Det krävs en avancerad produktionslogik för att utveckla kapacitetsstarka kollektivtrafiklösningar, men när allt är på plats i ett samverkande system kan kunden/resenären utnyttja systemet i sin egen värdeskapande process utifrån en kundorienterad tjänstelogik. Det finns ett behov av en fortsatt lärprocess för att använda kollektivtrafik som transformativ kraft. Det är människor som rör sig i staden, kollektivtrafik är endast ett medel. Det är med gemensamma offentliga och privata resurser som en levande, hållbar och attraktiv livsmiljö kan skapas, men det måste ske inom ramen gemensamma värderingar och berättelser.  Då utvecklas ett samhälle som bygger på tillit. Att hantera transformation, värdeskapande och hållberhet kräver flernivåstyrning, resursintegration och en utmaningsdriven tjänsteinnovation. Delarna finns där, men det behövs ett mer samlat grepp för att fullt ut utnyttja potentialen i Kollektivtrafik som transformativ kraft för levande och hållbara städer.

Att avslöja sina dolda funktionsnedsättningar i arbetslivet

Artikeln handlar om hur personer med dolda funktionsnedsättningar, som omgivningen inte direkt kan se, befinner sig i en sårbar situation. Om de är helt öppna med sina funktionsnedsättningar riskerar de, trots en positiv norm om öppenhet, att bemötas eller behandlas som annorlunda av andra på sina arbetsplatser. Artikeln visar hur personer med dolda funktionsnedsättningar pressar sig hårt för att inte avvika från den normalitet som deltagande i arbetslivet innebär.

The complexity in the implementation process of empowerment-based chronic kidney care: a case study

Background: This study is part of an interactive improvement intervention aimed to facilitate empowerment-based chronic kidney care using data from persons with CKD and their family members. There are many challenges to implementing empowerment-based care, and it is therefore necessary to study the implementation process. The aim of this study was to generate knowledge regarding the implementation process of an improvement intervention of empowerment for those who require chronic kidney care. Methods: A prospective single qualitative case study was chosen to follow the process of the implementation over a two year period. Twelve health care professionals were selected based on their various role(s) in the implementation of the improvement intervention. Data collection comprised of digitally recorded project group meetings, field notes of the meetings, and individual interviews before and after the improvement project. These multiple data were analyzed using qualitative latent content analysis. Results: Two facilitator themes emerged: Moving spirit and Encouragement. The healthcare professionals described a willingness to individualize care and to increase their professional development in the field of chronic kidney care. The implementation process was strongly reinforced by both the researchers working interactively with the staff, and the project group. One theme emerged as a barrier: the Limitations of the organization. Changes in the organization hindered the implementation of the intervention throughout the study period, and the lack of interplay in the organization most impeded the process. Conclusions: The findings indicated the complexity of maintaining a sustainable and lasting implementation over a period of two years. Implementing empowerment-based care was found to be facilitated by the cooperation between all involved healthcare professionals. Furthermore, long-term improvement interventions need strong encouragement from all levels of the organization to maintain engagement, even when it is initiated by the health care professionals themselves.

The well-being of relatives of patients with atrial fibrillation: a critical incident technique analysis

BACKGROUND: The well-being of relatives of patients having chronic heart diseases (CHD) has been found to be negatively affected by the patient's condition. Studies examining relatives of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) indicate that their well-being may be affected in a similar manner, but further research is needed. AIM: To explore and describe critical incidents in which relatives of patients experience how AF affects their well-being and what actions they take to handle these situations. DESIGN AND METHOD: An explorative, descriptive design based on the critical incident technique (CIT) was used. Interviews were conducted with 19 relatives (14 women and five men) of patients hospitalised in southern Sweden due to acute symptoms of the AF. RESULTS: The well-being of relatives was found to be affected by their worries (patient-related health), as well as the sacri-ficing of their own needs (self-related health). In handling their own well-being, these relatives adjusted to and supported the patient (practical involvement), along with adjusting their own feelings and responding to the mood of the patients (emotional involvement). CONCLUSION: The well-being of relatives of patients with AF was affected depending on the patients' well-being. In their attempt to handle their own well-being, the relatives adjusted to and supported the patients. Further research is needed in order to evaluate the effects of support to relatives and patients respectively and together.

Un aporte a la comprensión de las estrategias emergentes en las organizaciones a través del concepto de improvisación y la metáfora musical

Este trabajo se inscribe en uno de los grandes campos de los estudios organizacionales: la estrategia. La perspectiva clásica en este campo promovió la idea de que proyectarse hacia el futuro implica diseñar un plan (una serie de acciones deliberadas). Avances posteriores mostraron que la estrategia podía ser comprendida de otras formas. Sin embargo, la evolución del campo privilegió en alguna medida la mirada clásica estableciendo, por ejemplo, múltiples modelos para ‘formular’ una estrategia, pero dejando en segundo lugar la manera en la que esta puede ‘emerger’. El propósito de esta investigación es, entonces, aportar al actual nivel de comprensión respecto a las estrategias emergentes en las organizaciones. Para hacerlo, se consideró un concepto opuesto —aunque complementario— al de ‘planeación’ y, de hecho, muy cercano en su naturaleza a ese tipo de estrategias: la improvisación. Dado que este se ha nutrido de valiosos aportes del mundo de la música, se acudió al saber propio de este dominio, recurriendo al uso de ‘la metáfora’ como recurso teórico para entenderlo y alcanzar el objetivo propuesto. Los resultados muestran que 1) las estrategias deliberadas y las emergentes coexisten y se complementan, 2) la improvisación está siempre presente en el contexto organizacional, 3) existe una mayor intensidad de la improvisación en el ‘como’ de la estrategia que en el ‘qué’ y, en oposición a la idea convencional al respecto, 4) se requiere cierta preparación para poder improvisar de manera adecuada.