Identification and characterization of a second melanin-concentrating hormone receptor, MCH-2R

Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a 19-aa cyclic neuropeptide originally isolated from chum salmon pituitaries. Besides its effects on the aggregation of melanophores in fish several lines of evidence suggest that in mammals MCH functions as a regulator of energy homeostasis. Recently, several groups reported the identification of an orphan G protein-coupled receptor as a receptor for MCH (MCH-1R). We hereby report the identification of a second human MCH receptor termed MCH-2R, which shares about 38% amino acid identity with MCH-1R. MCH-2R displayed high-affinity MCH binding, resulting in inositol phosphate turnover and release of intracellular calcium in mammalian cells. In contrast to MCH-1R, MCH-2R signaling is not sensitive to pertussis toxin and MCH-2R cannot reduce forskolin-stimulated cAMP production, suggesting an exclusive Gαq coupling of the MCH-2R in cell-based systems. Northern blot and in situ hybridization analysis of human and monkey tissue shows that expression of MCH-2R mRNA is restricted to several regions of the brain, including the arcuate nucleus and the ventral medial hypothalamus, areas implicated in regulation of body weight. In addition, the human MCH-2R gene was mapped to the long arm of chromosome 6 at band 6q16.2–16.3, a region reported to be associated with cytogenetic abnormalities of obese patients. The characterization of a second mammalian G protein-coupled receptor for MCH potentially indicates that the control of energy homeostasis in mammals by the MCH neuropeptide system may be more complex than initially anticipated.

Influence de l'ubiquitylation initiale des substrats SH3 sur leur régulation par la ligase Itch

Ce projet de recherche explore un nouveau mécanisme de régulation de l’activité du domaine HECT de la ligase Itch. Ce domaine est responsable de la polyubiquitylation des protéines impliquant le plus souvent leur dégradation par le protéasome. Itch est une ligase de l’ubiquitine de la famille CWH contenant un domaine HECT catalytique en C-terminal, quatre domaines WW, et un domaine C2 N-terminal qui est important pour sa localisation cellulaire. Les ligases CWH interagissent par leur domaine WW avec leurs ligands. Un mécanisme proposé pour ces ligases est que la première molécule d’ubiquitine liée au substrat active le domaine HECT de manière à former une chaine d’ubiquitine sur le substrat. Itch a une particularité dans la famille CWH, car elle possède un domaine riche en proline qui lui permet d’interagir avec plusieurs protéines à domaine SH3. Dans cette étude, nous avons déterminé l’effet de l’ubiquitylation initiale des protéines SH3 sur l’activité du domaine HECT de la ligase Itch, et sur la régulation de ces substrats.

Influence de l'ubiquitylation initiale des substrats SH3 sur leur régulation par la ligase Itch

Ce projet de recherche explore un nouveau mécanisme de régulation de l’activité du domaine HECT de la ligase Itch. Ce domaine est responsable de la polyubiquitylation des protéines impliquant le plus souvent leur dégradation par le protéasome. Itch est une ligase de l’ubiquitine de la famille CWH contenant un domaine HECT catalytique en C-terminal, quatre domaines WW, et un domaine C2 N-terminal qui est important pour sa localisation cellulaire. Les ligases CWH interagissent par leur domaine WW avec leurs ligands. Un mécanisme proposé pour ces ligases est que la première molécule d’ubiquitine liée au substrat active le domaine HECT de manière à former une chaine d’ubiquitine sur le substrat. Itch a une particularité dans la famille CWH, car elle possède un domaine riche en proline qui lui permet d’interagir avec plusieurs protéines à domaine SH3. Dans cette étude, nous avons déterminé l’effet de l’ubiquitylation initiale des protéines SH3 sur l’activité du domaine HECT de la ligase Itch, et sur la régulation de ces substrats.

(Table A1) Uranium and Thorium determination from IODP Site 310-M0007B

The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 310 recovered drill cores from the drowned reefs around the island of Tahiti (17°40'S, 149°30'W), many of which contained samples of massive corals from the genus Porites. Herein we report on one well-preserved fossil coral sample: a 13.6 cm long Porites sp. dated by uranium series techniques at 9523 ± 33 years. Monthly delta18O and Sr/Ca determinations reveal nine clear and robust annual cycles. Coral delta18O and Sr/Ca determinations estimate a mean temperature of ca. 24.3°C (ca. 3.2°C colder than modern) for Tahiti at 9.5 ka; however, this estimate is viewed with caution since potential sources of cold bias in coral geochemistry remain to be resolved. The interannual variability in coral delta18O is similar between the 9.5 ka coral record and a modern record from nearby Moorea. The seasonal cycle in coral Sr/Ca is approximately the same or greater in the 9.5 ka coral record than in modern coral records from Tahiti. Paired analysis of coral delta18O and Sr/Ca indicates cold/wet (warm/dry) interannual anomalies, opposite from those observed in the modern instrumental record.

1994 University of Michigan Football Team

1996 University of Michigan Football Team

1997 University of Michigan Football Team

1992 UM Women's Tennis Team

The types of the folktale in Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and Spanish South America.

Mode of access: Internet.

Employee relations bibliography : public, non-profit, and professional employment : essay, annotated listing, indexes /

Mode of access: Internet.

Evolution of the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans, 1903-1991 /

"Appendix: Deputy Chiefs of Staff for Operations and Plans and their predecessors": p. 55-58.

University of Michigan Men's Basketball Team, 1972

Back Row: asst. mngr. Cyrus Varner?, Steve Bazelon, John Lockard, Ken Brady, Ernie Johnson, Wayne Grabiec

Middle Row: asst. mngr. Dave Edwards?, John Bridges, John Whitten, Henry Wilmore, James Taormina, Sam Brady, coach John Orr, asst. coach Fred Snowden

Front Row: sr. mngr. Steven Schwartz?, Terrence Tyler, Larry Rea, Gregory Buss, co-captain Dave Hart, Michael Weaver, John Bernard

U.S. Army mobilization and logistics in the Korean War : a research approach /

Mode of access: Internet.

Phosphotyrosyl peptides and analogues as substrates and inhibitors of purple acid phosphatases

Purple acid phosphatases are metal-containing hydrolases. While their precise biological role(s) is unknown, the mammalian enzyme has been linked in a variety of biological circumstances (e.g., osteoporosis) with increased bone resorption. Inhibition of the human enzyme is a possible strategy for the treatment of bone-resorptive diseases such as osteoporosis. Previously, we determined the crystal structure of pig purple acid phosphatase to 1.55 Angstrom and we showed that it is a good model for the human enzyme. Here, a study of the pH dependence of its kinetic parameters showed that the pig enzyme is most efficient at pH values similar to those encountered in the osteoclast resorptive space. Based on the observation that phosphotyrosine-containing peptides are good substrates for pig purple acid phosphatase, peptides containing a range of phosphotyrosine mimetics were synthesized. Kinetic analysis showed that they act as potent inhibitors of mammalian and plant purple acid phosphatases, with the best inhibitors exhibiting low micromolar inhibition constants at pH 3-5. These compounds are thus the most potent organic inhibitors yet reported for the purple acid phosphatases. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Inc.