Structure of nonactin-calcium perchlorate, C40H64O12.Ca(ClO4)2, and a comparative study of metal-nonactin complexes

M r= 975.9, orthorhombic, Pnna, a = 20.262 (3), b= 15.717 (2), c= 15.038 (1)A, V= 4788.97 A 3, z = 4, D x = 1.35 Mg m -3, Cu Kct radiation, 2 = 1.5418 A, /t = 2.79 mm -1, F(000) -= 2072, T = 293 K, R = 0.08, 3335 observed reflections. The molecular structure and the crystal packing are similar to those observed in the nonactin complexes of sodium thiocyanate and potassium thiocyanate. The eight metal-O distances are nearly the same in the potassium complex whereas the four distances involving carbonyl O atoms are shorter than the remaining four involving the tetrahydrofuran-ring O atoms in the Na and the Ca complexes. This observation can be explained in terms of the small ionic radii of Na + and Ca 2+, and leads to a plausible structural rationale for the stronger affinity of nonactin for K + than for the other two metal ions.

NMR-Studies of Octahedral Dicyano-(2,2' Bipyridine) and Tetracyano-(2,2'-Bipyridine) Iron(ii) Complexes

Coordination compounds of the polypyridines, 2,2 ' -bipyridine (bipy) and 1,10-penanthroline (phen) have offered renewed interest on account of their manifold applications and from the point of view of understanding their structure-reactivity relationships.1 Iron(II) reacts with them to form tris-complexes possessing spin-paired ground states. Cyanide ion greatly enhances the rate of displacement of bipy or phen to form the Schilt class of compounds. Fe(bipy)2(CN)2 and Fe(phen)2(CN)2. They display varying colours in solution depending upon the nature of the solvent and react reversibly with acids to form diprotonated species.2 Magnetic circular dichroism studies have been reported to describe their lowest electronic excitation.

Metal chelates in vinyl polymerization: Bulk polymerization of acrylonitrile initiated by Cu(II)-imine complexes

This article deals with the kinetics and mechanism of acrylonitrile (AN) polymerization initiated by Cu(II)-4-anilino 3-pentene 2-one[Cu(II)ANIPO], Cu(II)-4-p-toluedeno 3-pentene 2-one [Cu(II)TPO], and Cu(II)-4-p-nitroanilino 3-pentene 2-one [Cu(II)NAPO] in bulk at 60°C. The polymerization is free radical in nature. The exponent of initiator(I) is 0.5. The initiation step is a complex formation between the chelate and monomer and subsequent decomposition of the intermediate complex giving rise to free radical and Cu(I). This is substantiated by ultraviolet (UV) and electron spin resonance (ESR) studies. The activation energies and kinetic and chain transfer constants have also been evaluated.

Lanthanide chelate complexes of salicyloyl hydrazide-salicylaldehyde schiff base (SHSASB) and anthranilic acid-salicylaldehyde schiff base (AASASB)

New lanthanide complexes of salicylaldehyde-Schiff bases with salicyloyl hydrazide and anthranilic acid, were synthesized by a novel method consisting of refluxing the mixtures of Schiff base ligands and lanthanide trichloroacetate in acetone. Solid complexes of formulae Ln(SHSASB)s*2Hz0 and Ln2(AASASB)s*2Hz0 where Ln = La-Yb and Y, were isolated. Proton NMR and IR spectra for the complexes reveal the bidentate binding of both the Schiff base ligands to the lanthanide ion. Electronic spectra along with the conductance data for the complexes indicate a coordination number of six for the lanthanide ion in the complexes of both the Schiff bases.

Synthesis and Spectroscopic Investigations of Complexes of Lanthanide Nitrates with N-(4-Hethyl-2-Pyridyl)-Acetamide

New complexes of Lanthanide nitrates with N-(4-methyl-2-pyridyl)-acetamide (4-me-aapH) of the general formulae. [Ln(4-me-aapH)2] [NO3] (where Ln=La=La-Yb and Y)have been synthesized and haracterised by chemical analysis, molar conductivity and physical methods such as infrared, 13C NMR an electronic spectra in the visible region. Molar conductance and infrared data point to the presence to the coordinated nitrates groups. Infrared and 13C NMR data have been interpreted in terms of the coordination of the legand to the metal ion through the oxygen of the secondary amide and nitrogen of the hetrocyclic ring, in a bidentate fashion. Coordination number of ten seems probable for the complexes.

Complexes of lanthanide perchlorates with the open-chain pentadentate ligand n,n,$n^{'},n^{'}$-tetramethyl-3,6,9-trioxaundecane diamide

Complexes of lanthanide perchlorates with the ligand N,N,N,N-tetra-methyl-3,6,9-trioxaundecane diamide (TUD) of the composition Ln(TUD)2-(ClO4)3 (Ln triple bond; length as m-dash La, Nd, Ho, Er, Y) were isolated. Electrical conductivity values indicate that all the perchlorate groups are ionic. IR and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C) data prove that the ligand coordinates to the metal via the three ether oxygens and the two carbonyl oxygens. A probable coordination number of ten can be assigned for all the complexes.

x-ray studies on crystalline complexes involving amino-acids and peptides .10. head-to-tail sequences in the crystal-structure of l-lysine acetate

l-Lysine acetate crystallises in the monoclinic space group P21 with a = 5.411 (1), b = 7.562(1), c= l2.635(2) Å and β = 91.7(1). The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined to an R value of 0.049 using the full matrix least squares method. The conformation and the aggregation of lysine molecules in the structure are similar to those found in the crystal structure of l-lysine l-aspartate. A conspicuous similarity between the crystal structures of l-arginine acetate and l-lysine acetate is that in both cases the strongly basic side chain, although having the largest pK value, interacts with the weakly acidic acetate group leaving the α-amino and the α-carboxylate groups to take part in head-to-tail sequences. These structures thus indicate that electrostatic effects are strongly modulated by other factors so as to give rise to head-to-tail sequences which have earlier been shown to be an almost universal feature of amino acid aggregation in the solid state.

Inhibition of avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase and virus inactivation by metal complexes of isonicotinic acid hydrazide

The cupric and ferric complexes of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) inhibit the DNA synthesis catalysed by avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) reverse transcriptase. The inhibition was to the extent of 95% by 50 μM of cupric-INH complex and 55% by 100 μM of ferric-INH complex. These complexes have been found to bind preferentially to the enzyme than to the template-primer. Kinetic analysis showed that the cupric-INH complex is a non-competitive inhibitor with respect to dTTP. The time course of inhibition has revealed that the complexes are inhibitory even after the initiation of polynucleotide synthesis. In vivo toxicity studies in 1-day-old chicks have shown that the complexes are not toxic up to a concentration of 500 μg per chick. Infection of the 1-day-old chicks with AMV pretreated with 150 μg of either of the complexes prevented symptoms of leukemia due to virus inactivation.

Lanthanide perchlorate complexes of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide and 5-nitroisoquinoline-2-oxide

Novel complexes of lanthanide perchlorates with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (NQNO) and 5-nitroisoquinoline-2-oxide (NIQNO) have been prepared and characterized. The complexes have the general formulaeLn(NQNO)8(ClO4)3 (whereLn=La-Nd), Ln(NQNO)7(ClO4)3 (whereLn=Gd-Yb),Ln(NIQNO)9(ClO4)3 (whereLn=La-Nd), andLn(NIQNO)7(ClO4)3 (whereLn=Gd-Yb). The IR, proton NMR spectral data indicate the coordination of the N—O group of the ligands to he lanthanide ions.

Molecular complexes of metallo tetraphenyl porphyrins with 2,4,5,7-tetranitro fluorenone

The interactions of mesotetraphenyl porphyrin and its metallo derivatives with 2,4,5,7-tetra nitrofluorenone have been studied using spectroscopic methods. The association constants (K) for 1:1 complexes in Ch2Cl2Cl2 follow the order Pd+2>Co+2> Cu+2>VO+2>Ni+2>Zn+2. The values of K are accounted in terms of stereochemistry of MTPPs and the electronic configuration of the metal ions. The magnitude and direction of the proton NMR shifts of the acceptor and donor in the complexes and their ESR parameter furnish information as to the possible structures of these complexes in solution.

Structure-reactivity correlation in inclusion complexes: deoxycholic acid di-tert-butyl thioketone

Ultraviolet irradiation of crystalline molecular inclusion complexes of deoxycholic acid with di-tert-butyl thioketone results in no reaction. The structure of the above complex has been determined via X-ray diffraction. The absence of expected photoreactions. namely, photoreduction and photooxidation, is rationalized on the basis of the X-ray structure analysis of the complex.

Synthesis and structure of mixed ligand isonitroso-β-ketoiminenickel(II) complexes. Crystal structure of (1-ethoxycarbonyl-2-npropylimino-1-propanoneoximato) (1-methoxycarbonyl-2-imino-1-propanoneoximato)nickel(II)

Mixed ligand complexes of the type Ni(R-AB)(AC') and Ni(R-AC)(AB') where AB/AC denote N-bonded isonitroso- [3-ketoimino ligands, AB'/AC' denote the corresponding Obonded ligands and R = Me, Et, n-Pr are synthesised and characterised. The complexes are neutral with square planar geometry around nickel(II). The bonding isomerism of the isonitroso group is discussed on the basis of i.r. and 1H n.m.r. studies. The crystal structure of the title complex, Ni(n-Pr-IEAI)(IMAI') has been determined from diffractometer data by Patterson and Fourier methods and refined by least squares to R = 0.088 for 2209 observed reflections. Unit cell constants are: a = 11.945(2), b = 22.436(7), c = 13.248(5) ~, [3 = 95.13(2) ~ The space group is P2Jc with Z = 8. Niekel(II) has a square planar coordination of two imine nitrogens, an isonitroso-nitrogen (from n-Pr-IEAI) and another isonitrosooxygen (from IMAI').

Reactivity of Cationic Terminal Borylene Complexes: Novel Mechanisms for Insertion and Metathesis Chemistry Involving Strongly Lewis Acidic Ligand Systems

The reactions of terminal borylene complexes of the type [CpFe(CO)(2)(BNR2)](+) (R = `Pr, Cy) with heteroallenes have been investigated by quantum-chemical methods, in an attempt to explain the experimentally observed product distributions. Reaction with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (CyNCNCy) gives a bis-insertion product, in which 1 equiv of carbodiimide is assimilated into each of the Fe=B and B=N double bonds to form a spirocyclic boronium system. In contrast, isocyanates (R'NCO, R' = Ph, 2,6-wXy1, CY; XYl = C6H3Me2) react to give isonitrile complexes of the type [CpFe(CO)(2)(CNR')]+, via a net oxygen abstraction (or formal metathesis) process. Both carbodiimide and socyanate substrates are shown to prefer initial attack at the Fe=B bond rather than the B=N bond of the borylene complex. Further mechanistic studies reveal that the carbodiimide reaction ultimately leads to the bis-insertion compounds [CpFe(CO)(2)C(NCy)(2)B(NCY)(2)CNR2](+), rather than to the isonitrile system [CpFe(CO)(2)(CNCy)](+), on the basis of both thermodynamic (product stability) and kinetic considerations (barrier heights). The mechanism of the initial carbodiimide insertion process is unusual in that it involves coordination of the substrate at the (borylene) ligand followed by migration of the metal fragment, rather than a more conventional process: i.e., coordination of the unsaturated substrate at the metal followed by ligand migration. In the case of isocyanate substrates, metathesis products are competitive with those from the insertion pathway. Direct, single-step metathesis reactivity to give products containing a coordinated isonitrile ligand (i.e. [CpFe(CO)(2)(CNR')](+)) is facile if initial coordination of the isocyanate at boron occurs via the oxygen donor (which is kinetically favored); insertion chemistry is feasible when the isocyanate attacks initially via the nitrogen atom. However, even in the latter case, further reaction of the monoinsertion product so formed with excess isocyanate offers a number of facile (low energetic barrier) routes which also generate ['CpFe(CO)(2)(CNR')](+), rather than the bis-insertion product [CpFe(CO)(2)C(NR')(O)B(NR')(O)CNR2](+) (i.e., the direct analogue of the observed products in the carbodiimide reaction).

X-ray Studies on Crystalline Complexes Involving Amino Acids and Peptides. XIII. Effect of Chirality on Molecular Aggregation: The Crystal Structures of L-Arginine D-Aspartate and L-Arginine D-Glutamate Trihydrate

The crystal structures of (1) L-arginine D-asparate, C6HIsN40~.C4H6NO4 [triclinic, P1, a=5.239(1), b=9.544(1), c=14.064(2)A, a=85"58(1), /3=88.73 (1), ~/=84.35 (1) °, Z=2] and (2) L-arginine D-glutamate trihydrate, C6H15N40~-.CsHsNO4.3H20 [monoclinic, P2~, a=9.968(2), b=4.652(1), c=19.930 (2) A, fl = 101.20 (1) °, Z = 2] have been determined using direct methods. They have been refined to R =0.042 and 0.048 for 2829 and 2035 unique reflections respectively [I>2cr(I)]. The conformations of the two arginine molecules in the aspartate complex are different from those observed so far in the crystal structures of arginine, its salts and complexes. In both complexes, the molecules are organized into double layers stacked along the longest axis. The core of each double layer consists of two parallel sheets made up of main-chain atoms, each involving both types of molecules. The hydrogen bonds within each sheet and those that interconnect the two sheets give rise to EL-, DD- and DE-type head-to-tail sequences. Adjacent double layers in (1) are held together by side-chain-side-chain interactions whereas those in (2) are interconnected through an extensive network of water molecules which interact with sidechain guanidyl and carboxylate groups. The aggregation pattern observed in the two LD complexes is fundamentally different from that found in the corresponding EL complexes.

Complexes Of Imidazoline-2-Thione And Its 1-Methyl Analogue With Cu(Ii), Zn(Ii), Cd(Ii) And Hg(Ii) Salts

The reaction of Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) chlorides and bromides with imidazoline-2-thione (IZT) and its N-methyl derivative (NMIZT) yields complexes of stoichiometry ML3X2 and ML2X (IZT) and its N-methyl derivative (NMIZT) yields complexes of stoichiometry ML3X2 and ML2X (where M=Cu(I)); copper(II) halides yield Cu(I) complexes. On the basis of infrared and 13C n.m.r.