Relações interorganizacionais e eficiência coletiva: um estudo de caso no arranjo produtivo local de confecções do Agreste de Pernambuco

This work is a study in the Local Productive Arrangement of confections from Agreste of Pernambuco, as a relevant sector in economic and social aspect. This research has as central aim to understand how the inter-organizational relations influence the collective efficiency of arrangement. The theoretical framework employed highlights the approaches that deal with the benefits of business agglomeration for the develop­ment of firms and regions. It has discussed the approach of small and medium enter­ prises and industrial districts (SCHMITZ, 1997), which introduce the concept of col­ lective efficiency, explaining that only those externalities explained by Marshall (1996) are not sufficient to explain the competitive advantage of enterprises, expand­ing the idea that organizations achieve competitive advantage not acting alone. To examine the influences of relations in the collective efficiency, it has been taken as analytical perspective theory of social networks (GRANOVETTER, 1973, 1985; BURT, 1992; UZZI, 1997) because it has believe that this approach provides subsi­ dies for a structural analysis of social relationships in face the behavior of human ac­tion. By examining the organizations in a social network, you should understand the reason of this establishment of the relationship, their benefits, and as the information flow takes place and density of links between the actors (Powell; SMITH-DOERR, 1994). As for the methods, this study is characterized as a case study, in according to the purposed objectives, in addition to qualitative method. Also, due to recovering of the historical milestones of the arrangement, it is used a sectional approach with longitudinal perspective (VIEIRA, 2004). The primary and secondary data were used in order to understand the evolutionary process of the sector and their inter-actors re­ lationships in the arrangement for the promotion of development, for both, was used the contend and documentary analysis technique, respectively (DELLAGNELO ; SIL­VA, 2005). The approach of social networks has permitted understand that social re­lationships may extend the collective efficiency of the arrangement, and therefore need to develop policies that encourage the legalization of informal companies in ar­rangement, by showing up themselves representative. Thus, the relations estab­ lished in LPA of confections from Agreste of Pernambuco need for more effective mechanisms to broaden the collective efficiency. Therefore, this way as take place has directly benefited only a group of companies that are linked in some way the sup­portive institutions. So we can conclude that the inter-actor relations have limited the collective efficiency of LPA, being stimulated by the institutions in support only to groups of entrepreneurs, even those that produce external relations for all clustered companies

Potencialidades de desarrollo y movilización local: un estudio SIAL en Santa Cruz de Turrialba

El queso fresco blanco, conocido como queso Turrialba en Costa Rica, es un producto de mucho valor económico  y social, que ha despertado un interés particular en el análisis de sus estructuras de producción y las redes interrelaciónales entre los diferentes actores involucrados en su elaboración y comercio local y regional.  Se comprobó la existencia de un SIAL en Santa Cruz de Turrialba que cuenta con organizaciones con objetivos y metas comunes que han dado origen a acciones colectivas operativas. Este SIAL ha generado también acciones operativas individuales que han diversificado, entre otras, la comercialización de su producto. En el plano colectivo, la planificación y priorización de sus proyecciones futuras están afectando no solamente el área de la producción agroindustrial sino también otros campos como el turismo agroecológico.   ABSTRACT The fresh White cheese in Costa Rica is well known as “Turrialba cheese”. This cheese has high economic and social value and its production structure and its local and regional relations networks became a very interesting fact of analysis. It has been proved the occurrence of a local Agrofood System (SIAL) in Santa Cruz of Turrialba, where organizations with specific common purposes and goals were present. This situation originated individual operative action  as in order to diversity their products and markets. On the collective side, the planification and priorization of their future projects and ideas, have influenced not only the production, but also another fields like the development of agro ecological tourism in the region.

Training and development for transitional employment in mature-aged manual workers

The purpose of the current article was to explore perceptions of transitional employment and training and development amongst blue collar workers employed in technical, trade, operations or physical and labour-intensive occupations within the local government system.

Performance control of distributed generation using digital estimation of signal parameters

The Queensland University of Technology (QUT) allows the presentation of a thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the format of published or submitted papers, where such papers have been published, accepted or submitted during the period of candidature. This thesis is composed of seven published/submitted papers, of which one has been published, three accepted for publication and the other three are under review. This project is financially supported by an Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Grant with the aim of proposing strategies for the performance control of Distributed Generation (DG) system with digital estimation of power system signal parameters. Distributed Generation (DG) has been recently introduced as a new concept for the generation of power and the enhancement of conventionally produced electricity. Global warming issue calls for renewable energy resources in electricity production. Distributed generation based on solar energy (photovoltaic and solar thermal), wind, biomass, mini-hydro along with use of fuel cell and micro turbine will gain substantial momentum in the near future. Technically, DG can be a viable solution for the issue of the integration of renewable or non-conventional energy resources. Basically, DG sources can be connected to local power system through power electronic devices, i.e. inverters or ac-ac converters. The interconnection of DG systems to power system as a compensator or a power source with high quality performance is the main aim of this study. Source and load unbalance, load non-linearity, interharmonic distortion, supply voltage distortion, distortion at the point of common coupling in weak source cases, source current power factor, and synchronism of generated currents or voltages are the issues of concern. The interconnection of DG sources shall be carried out by using power electronics switching devices that inject high frequency components rather than the desired current. Also, noise and harmonic distortions can impact the performance of the control strategies. To be able to mitigate the negative effect of high frequency and harmonic as well as noise distortion to achieve satisfactory performance of DG systems, new methods of signal parameter estimation have been proposed in this thesis. These methods are based on processing the digital samples of power system signals. Thus, proposing advanced techniques for the digital estimation of signal parameters and methods for the generation of DG reference currents using the estimates provided is the targeted scope of this thesis. An introduction to this research – including a description of the research problem, the literature review and an account of the research progress linking the research papers – is presented in Chapter 1. One of the main parameters of a power system signal is its frequency. Phasor Measurement (PM) technique is one of the renowned and advanced techniques used for the estimation of power system frequency. Chapter 2 focuses on an in-depth analysis conducted on the PM technique to reveal its strengths and drawbacks. The analysis will be followed by a new technique proposed to enhance the speed of the PM technique while the input signal is free of even-order harmonics. The other techniques proposed in this thesis as the novel ones will be compared with the PM technique comprehensively studied in Chapter 2. An algorithm based on the concept of Kalman filtering is proposed in Chapter 3. The algorithm is intended to estimate signal parameters like amplitude, frequency and phase angle in the online mode. The Kalman filter is modified to operate on the output signal of a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter designed by a plain summation. The frequency estimation unit is independent from the Kalman filter and uses the samples refined by the FIR filter. The frequency estimated is given to the Kalman filter to be used in building the transition matrices. The initial settings for the modified Kalman filter are obtained through a trial and error exercise. Another algorithm again based on the concept of Kalman filtering is proposed in Chapter 4 for the estimation of signal parameters. The Kalman filter is also modified to operate on the output signal of the same FIR filter explained above. Nevertheless, the frequency estimation unit, unlike the one proposed in Chapter 3, is not segregated and it interacts with the Kalman filter. The frequency estimated is given to the Kalman filter and other parameters such as the amplitudes and phase angles estimated by the Kalman filter is taken to the frequency estimation unit. Chapter 5 proposes another algorithm based on the concept of Kalman filtering. This time, the state parameters are obtained through matrix arrangements where the noise level is reduced on the sample vector. The purified state vector is used to obtain a new measurement vector for a basic Kalman filter applied. The Kalman filter used has similar structure to a basic Kalman filter except the initial settings are computed through an extensive math-work with regards to the matrix arrangement utilized. Chapter 6 proposes another algorithm based on the concept of Kalman filtering similar to that of Chapter 3. However, this time the initial settings required for the better performance of the modified Kalman filter are calculated instead of being guessed by trial and error exercises. The simulations results for the parameters of signal estimated are enhanced due to the correct settings applied. Moreover, an enhanced Least Error Square (LES) technique is proposed to take on the estimation when a critical transient is detected in the input signal. In fact, some large, sudden changes in the parameters of the signal at these critical transients are not very well tracked by Kalman filtering. However, the proposed LES technique is found to be much faster in tracking these changes. Therefore, an appropriate combination of the LES and modified Kalman filtering is proposed in Chapter 6. Also, this time the ability of the proposed algorithm is verified on the real data obtained from a prototype test object. Chapter 7 proposes the other algorithm based on the concept of Kalman filtering similar to those of Chapter 3 and 6. However, this time an optimal digital filter is designed instead of the simple summation FIR filter. New initial settings for the modified Kalman filter are calculated based on the coefficients of the digital filter applied. Also, the ability of the proposed algorithm is verified on the real data obtained from a prototype test object. Chapter 8 uses the estimation algorithm proposed in Chapter 7 for the interconnection scheme of a DG to power network. Robust estimates of the signal amplitudes and phase angles obtained by the estimation approach are used in the reference generation of the compensation scheme. Several simulation tests provided in this chapter show that the proposed scheme can very well handle the source and load unbalance, load non-linearity, interharmonic distortion, supply voltage distortion, and synchronism of generated currents or voltages. The purposed compensation scheme also prevents distortion in voltage at the point of common coupling in weak source cases, balances the source currents, and makes the supply side power factor a desired value.

Industrial land price and its impact on urban growth : a Chinese case study

China is experiencing rapid progress in industrialization, with its own rationale toward industrial land development based on a deliberate change from an extensive to intensive form of urban land use. One result has been concerted attempts by local government to attract foreign investment by a low industrial land price strategy, which has resulted in a disproportionally large amount of industrial land within the total urban land use structure at the expense of the urban sprawl of many cities. This paper first examines “Comparable Benchmark Price as Residential land use” (CBPR) as the theoretical basis of the low industrial land price phenomenon. Empirical findings are presented from a case study based on data from Jinyun County, China. These data are analyzed to reveal the rationale of industrial land price from 2000 to 2010 concerning the CBPR model. We then explore the causes of low industrial land prices in the form of a “Centipede Game Model”, involving two neighborhood regions as “major players” to make a set of moves (or strategies). When one of the players unilaterally reduces the land price to attract investment with the aim to maximize profits arising from the revenues generated from foreign investment and land premiums, a two-player price war begins in the form of a dynamic game, the effect of which is to produce a downward spiral of prices. In this context, the paradox of maximizing profits for each of the two players are not accomplished due to the inter-regional competition of attracted investment leading to a lose-lose situation for both sides’ in competing for land premium revenues. A short-term solution to the problem is offered involving the establishment of inter-regional cooperative partnerships. For the longer term, however, a comprehensive reform of the local financial system, more adroit regional planning and an improved means of evaluating government performance is needed to ensure the government's role in securing pubic goods is not abandoned in favor of one solely concerned with revenue generation.

Oral Immune Defense against Chronic Hyperplastic Candidosis

Candida yeast species are widespread opportunistic microbes, which are usually innocent opportunists unless the systemic or local defense system of the host becomes compromised. When they adhere on a fertile substrate such as moist and warm, protein-rich human mucosal membrane or biomaterial surface, they become activated and start to grow pseudo and real hyphae. Their growth is intricately guided by their ability to detect surface defects (providing secure hiding , thigmotropism) and nutrients (source of energy, chemotropism). The hypothesis of this work was that body mobilizes both non-specific and specific host defense against invading candidal cells and that these interactions involve resident epithelial cells, rapidly responding non-specific protector neutrophils and mast cells as well as the antigen presenting and responding den-dritic cell lymphocyte plasma cell system. It is supposed that Candida albicans, as a result of dar-winistic pressure, has developed or is utilizing strategies to evade these host defense reactions by e.g. adhering to biomaterial surfaces and biofilms. The aim of the study was to assess the host defense by taking such key molecules of the anti-candidal defense into focus, which are also more or less characteristic for the main cellular players in candida-host cell interactions. As a model for candidal-host interaction, sections of chronic hyperplastic candidosis were used and compared with sections of non-infected leukoplakia and healthy tissue. In this thesis work, neutrophil-derived anti-candidal α-defensin was found in the epithelium, not only diffusely all over in the epithelium, but as a strong α-defensin-rich superficial front probably able to slow down or prevent penetration of candida into the epithelium. Neutrophil represents the main host defence cell in the epithelium, to which it can rapidly transmigrate from the circulation and where it forms organized multicellular units known as microabscesses (study I). Neutrophil chemotactic inter-leukin-8 (IL-8) and its receptor (IL-8R) were studied and were surprisingly also found in the candidal cells, probably helping the candida to keep away from IL-8- and neutrophil-rich danger zones (study IV). Both leukocytes and resident epithelial cells contained TLR2, TLR4 and TLR6 receptors able to recognize candidal structures via utilization of receptors similar to the Toll of the banana fly. It seems that candida can avoid host defence via stimulation of the candida permissive TLR2 instead of the can-dida injurious TLR4 (study V). TLR also provides the danger signal to the immune system without which it will not be activated to specifically respond against candidal antigens. Indeed, diseased sites contained receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL; II study), which is important for the antigen capturing, processing and presenting dendritic cells and for the T lymphocyte activation (study III). Chronic hyperplastic candidosis provides a disease model that is very useful to study local and sys-temic host factors, which under normal circumstances restrain C. albicans to a harmless commensal state, but failure of which in e.g. HIV infection, cancer and aging may lead to chronic infection.

PDB Goodies - a web-based GUI to manipulate the Protein Data Bank file

PDB Goodies is a web-based graphical user interface (GUI) to manipulate the Protein Data Bank file containing the three-dimensional atomic coordinates of protein structures. The program also allows users to save the manipulated three-dimensional atomic coordinate file on their local client system. These fragments are used in various stages of structure elucidation and analysis. This software is incorporated with all the three-dimensional protein structures available in the Protein Data Bank, which presently holds approximately 18 000 structures. In addition, this program works on a three-dimensional atomic coordinate file (Protein Data Bank format) uploaded from the client machine. The program is written using CGI/PERL scripts and is platform independent. The program PDB Goodies can be accessed over the World Wide Web at http:// 144.16.71.11/pdbgoodies/.

Multi-decadal variation of the net downward shortwave radiation over south Asia: The solar dimming effect

The solar radiation flux at the earth's surface has gone through decadal changes of decreasing and increasing trends over the globe. These phenomena known as dimming and brightening, respectively, have attracted the scientific interest in relation to the changes in radiative balance and climate. Despite the interest in the solar dimming/brightening phenomenon in various parts of the world, south Asia has not attracted great scientific attention so far. The present work uses the net downward shortwave radiation (NDSWR) values derived from satellites (Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications, MERRA 2D) in order to examine the multi-decadal variations in the incoming solar radiation over south Asia for the period of 1979-2004. From the analysis it is seen that solar dimming continues over south Asia with a trend of -0.54 Wm(-2) yr(-1). Assuming clear skies an average decrease of -0.05 Wm(-2)yr(-1) in NDSWR was observed, which is attributed to increased aerosol emissions over the region. There is evidence that the increase in cloud optical depth plays the major role for the solar dimming over the area. The cloud optical depth (MERRA retrievals) has increased by 10.7% during the study period, with the largest increase to be detected for the high-level (atmospheric pressure P < 400 hPa) clouds (31.2%). Nevertheless, the decrease in solar radiation and the role of aerosols and clouds exhibit large monthly and seasonal variations directly affected by the local monsoon system, the anthropogenic and natural aerosol emissions. All these aspects are examined in detail aiming at shedding light into the solar dimming phenomenon over a densely populated area. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Simulating the daily discharge of the Mandovi River, west coast of India

A hydrological modelling framework was assembled to simulate the daily discharge of the Mandovi River on the Indian west coast. Approximately 90% of the west-coast rainfall, and therefore discharge, occurs during the summer monsoon (June-September), with a peak during July-August. The modelling framework consisted of a digital elevation model (DEM) called GLOBE, a hydrological routing algorithm, the Terrestrial Hydrological Model with Biogeochemistry (THMB), an algorithm to map the rainfall recorded by sparse rain-gauges to the model grid, and a modified Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method. A series of discharge simulations (with and without the SCS method) was carried out. The best simulation was obtained after incorporating spatio-temporal variability in the SCS parameters, which was achieved by an objective division of the season into five regimes: the lean season, monsoon onset, peak monsoon, end-monsoon, and post-monsoon. A novel attempt was made to incorporate objectively the different regimes encountered before, during and after the Indian monsoon, into a hydrological modelling framework. The strength of our method lies in the low demand it makes on hydrological data. Apart from information on the average soil type in a region, the entire parameterization is built on the basis of the rainfall that is used to force the model. That the model does not need to be calibrated separately for each river is important, because most of the Indian west-coast basins are ungauged. Hence, even though the model has been validated only for the Mandovi basin, its potential region of application is considerable. In the context of the Prediction in Ungauged Basins (PUB) framework, the potential of the proposed approach is significant, because the discharge of these (ungauged) rivers into the eastern Arabian Sea is not small, making them an important element of the local climate system.

Diversidad territorial y desarrollo endógeno en Argentina

Resumen: El presente artículo se propone demostrar que la integración internacional de la economía argentina, junto con el crecimiento de la competencia entre sus distintas regiones, está generando un cambio profundo dentro del sistema productivo y reorganizando el sistema regional y urbano argentino. Para ello, luego de revisar algunos aspectos generales respecto a la influencia de la globalización como impulsora de transformaciones productivas, el autor se aboca a analizar en profundidad los aspectos positivos y negativos de las transformaciones que está viviendo la Argentina.

Environmental variables and fisheries diversity of the Naaf River Estuary, Bangladesh

The Naaf River estuary is one of the large estuaries in the Bangladesh coastal region not to have been affected by extensive human disturbance. This research provides information about the fisheries diversity status by Estuarine Set Bag Net (ESBN) sampling relation to physicochemical variables in both spatio-temporal scales. About 25 km of the lower estuary was divided into six zones for sample collection by considering the accessibility and availability of the ESBN operation, fish landing centers and location of the fishing villages. In total 48 samples have been analyzed which were taken throughout March to October 2006. To quantify the species diversity, all fisheries data were analyzed by using EstimateS and EcoSim software which accounts the different diversity indices viz., species richness, Shannon–Wiener diversity Index, Dominance and Evenness index. The research results demonstrate that the Naaf River estuary is a habitat of 161 (species richness, Sobs=161, Choa 1=162±2.34, ACE=161.73) different species which belong to 98 fin fishes, 23 shrimps and prawns,13 crabs, 11 molluscs, 3 echinoderms, 4 other crustaceans;while 9 remain unidentified. Results on the aquatic environment,mainly salinity and turbidity were found to have a major influence on their occurrence and distribution. All the findings indicated that the Naaf River estuary is a highly productive system and provides a favourable environment for large variety of estuarine species assemblages.

Municipalização plena da saúde: a prática de uma utopia

Nos anos 1990, desencadeou-se, no Brasil, um processo de descentralização política e administrativa que no campo social da saúde assume claramente o sentido da municipalização da gestão dos serviços locais de saúde. O deslocamento do poder de gestão para os municípios favorece o acompanhamento, a fiscalização e a participação da sociedade no processo de formulação e execução das políticas públicas. A municipalização da saúde transforma os municípios brasileiros em gestores do sistema de saúde local, e a implantação e consolidação de um Sistema Único de Saúde dependem da capacidade efetiva de os gestores locais formularem e implementarem políticas voltadas a responder às demandas sociais locais dentro do modelo de relacionamento federativo das três instâncias de gestão: federal, estadual e municipal. A heterogeneidade dos municípios brasileiros, a aplicabilidade homogênea da normatização do sistema pelo ente federativo e a elevada participação da União no financiamento do Sistema Único de Saúde são fatores que facilitam a centralização do poder no Governo Federal. Adotando a metodologia do estudo de caso, tomando como base empírica município de Umuarama, localizada na região noroeste do Paraná, busca-se dissertar sobre o sistema local de saúde estruturado a partir de uma combinação entre as normas institucionais e as singularidades sociais e políticas locais.

A vida após a alta

Esta tese discute a vida após a alta hospitalar através de uma etnografia da experiência de um grupo de famílias, ao cuidarem de um membro dependente de cuidados de saúde. Foi realizada entre agosto de 2001 e julho de 2005 em Juiz de Fora-MG. O foco da investigação foi a convivência cotidiana da família com um membro requerendo cuidados de saúde especializados após ter recebido assistência de alta complexidade. O objetivo foi compreender a questão: como a família cuida, em casa, de um familiar que necessita de cuidados de saúde após a alta hospitalar? Adotamos a etnografia orientada por Geertz (1989), que nos permitiu, através da análise interpretativa das teias de significados apreendidas pela observaçãoconvivência com os sujeitos, uma compreensão de como o fenômeno (cuidado) se evidencia e se transforma em experiência nas relações que se estabelecem dentro e fora da família. A identificação das famílias-sujeito iniciou com a observação das internações na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, no segundo semestre de 2003, seguida da observação nas enfermarias e, posteriormente, nos seus domicílios. De 137 pacientes internados nesta UTI naquele semestre, 59 foram a óbito, 12 foram transferidos para outro hospital da cidade, por demandarem tecnologias não oferecidas pela instituição e 66 tiveram alta hospitalar na condição de melhorado. Destes, observamos 12 casos, residentes na cidade de Juiz de Fora, que compartilham de uma mesma cultura assistencial e que foram submetidas a um mesmo padrão de organização e de fluxo de atendimento no sistema de saúde local. Destas, uma família se destacou como principal sujeito, pela repetição de eventos significativos à questão principal da pesquisa e utilizamos dados de outras cinco dentre as observadas. Os dados foram arquivados em um banco de dados qualitativos LOGOS. A prioridade nos cuidados com o corpo; a dependência dos serviços de saúde especializados do SUS e as alterações na organização e no funcionamento da família, com redefinições de papéis, para se adaptar à realidade de convivência com um membro doente, estão dentre os achados. Dois fenômenos que se relacionam com o desenvolvimento da experiência de cuidar pelas famílias se destacaram: a individualização na família, que parece influenciar a forma de abordagem clínica (individualizada) pelos profissionais de saúde, e uma concepção de família como sujeito coletivo Bourdieu (1998) como possibilidade para o planejamento de ações coletivas. O sofrimento, observado pela contínua convivência dos sujeitos com sentimentos de angústia nas trajetórias de busca de cuidados no Sistema, nas instituições de saúde, evidenciou a desassistência a que esse grupo de cidadãos está exposto no modelo assistencial vigente. A lida das famílias com uma diversidade de cuidados, incluindo a prática de cuidados técnicos desencadeou uma rede extrafamiliar de aproximações, para o enfrentamento das necessidades. Apesar da dependência de tecnologias, de saberes técnicos e das restrições no acesso a esses, evidenciou-se um tipo de autonomia pelos sujeitos na prática de cuidados no espaço intrafamiliar e no entorno micro-sociológico de convivência. No Sistema de Saúde a preferência primeira das famílias para busca de ajuda é o hospital, depois, as unidades de referência secundária e, por último, as Equipes de Saúde da Família (ESF). A procura pelas ESF é por que estas representam parte obrigatória no fluxo inicial dos usuários do SUS local, garantem a aquisição de medicamentos, oferecem serviços de natureza cartorial, como atestados e pareceres para juiz e, ainda, encaminhamentos e solicitação de exames.

A inserção do cirurgião-dentista na Atenção Primária à Saúde do município de Piraí: desafios, potencialidades e percepções de novas práticas

Piraí é um município do interior do estado do Rio de Janeiro com uma população estimada pelo censo do ano de 2010 do IBGE de 26.309 habitantes. A Atenção em Saúde desta população tem como principal porta de acesso a Estratégia de Saúde da Família, com extensão de cobertura de ações e serviços a 100% de sua população. Em 2002 houve a introdução da saúde bucal no Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF). Hoje o município conta com uma equipe de saúde bucal para cada uma das 13 equipes. Esta estratégia possibilitou a ampliação do acesso e a boa performance dos indicadores epidemiológicas de saúde bucal no município. A organização do sistema de saúde local se estrutura tendo como eixo a atenção básica. Além da cobertura há grande investimento na qualificação da atenção básica, ampliando as equipes e investindo na educação permanente. Este trabalho procurou refletir sobre o universo e o processo de trabalho dos cirurgiões dentistas que atuam na Estratégia de Saúde da Família no município. Analisou como este profissional se percebe atuando na atenção básica e como ele está incorporando a noção de integralidade em suas práticas. Foi aplicada a metodologia de grupo focal para promover as falas e a construção de sentidos por parte dos cirurgiões dentistas de Piraí. Observou-se que a hegemonia da racionalidade biomédica na formação e na construção das práticas ainda produz forte influência na forma como os cirurgiões-dentistas dirigem suas falas sobre o trabalho no PSF. Foi percebida a centralidade nas ações curativas voltadas para a doença bucal, a dificuldade de se integrarem às equipes e a valorização de uma prática especializada voltada para o mercado privado. Pode ser identificado o distanciamento da integralidade na forma como abordam suas práticas. Esta distancia foi verificada, por exemplo, na ausência de falas sobre o vínculo, acolhimento e a integração da prevenção e promoção à saúde em seus processos de trabalho. Há um sentimento de desvalor sociocultural e profissional em relação à atuação do cirurgião dentista como um generalista e como um trabalhador assalariado no SUS. Esta inserção profissional ainda é compreendida como uma necessidade imposta pelo mercado de trabalho e não como um projeto político ideológico envolvendo um novo saber e uma nova prática que qualifica a trajetória profissional.

Avaliação Econômica do Biodiesel no Brasil: Investigando a Competitividade e Eficiência do Sistema Produtivo a partir da MAP.

O presente trabalho tem por finalidade realizar uma análise econômica dos possíveis impactos gerados na economia brasileira pelo Programa Nacional de Produção e Uso do Biodiesel (PNPB) e pela Lei N 11.097, que define percentuais mínimos obrigatórios de adição de biodiesel ao óleo diesel. Para atingir tal objetivo, apresenta-se uma avaliação econômica por meio do método de investigação conhecido como Matriz de Análise de Política (MAP). O emprego deste instrumental proporciona uma avaliação em termos de competitividade e eficiência do sistema de produção com base em um estudo comparativo da cadeia produtiva de biodiesel selecionando duas matérias-primas a soja e a mamona. Neste sentido, inicialmente investiga-se a cadeia produtiva do biodiesel no Brasil para diagnosticar as vantagens no que tange a escala de produção, a escolha de matérias-primas, bem como o custo de oportunidade, método de comercialização e distribuição e também a questão tributária. Os resultados da analise econômica revelaram que o emprego do óleo de soja para geração do biodiesel apresenta maior rentabilidade privada e social indicando ser mais competitivo e eficiente frente ao sistema produtivo que emprega o óleo de mamona. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciando não apenas os aspectos econômicos como os sócio-ambientais favoráveis ao PNPB mostrando que o Brasil tem todas as condições para tornar-se um grande produtor de biodiesel.