The life of Froude,

Mode of access: Internet.

Lord Beaconsfield /

Includes index.

Letters and memorials of Jane Welsh Carlyle.

Mode of access: Internet.

Vieux souvenirs, 1818-1848

UANL

Letters upon the annexation of Texas, addressed to Hon. John Quincy Adams, as originally published in the Boston atlas under the signature of Lisle.

Mode of access: Internet.

Blanche Lisle : and other poems /

"Cambridge : Printed by C. J. Clay, M.A. at the University Press."

Memorial addresses on the life and services of Marcus Claiborne Lisle (late a representative from Kentucky). Delivered in the House of representatives and Senate.

Mode of access: Internet.

Behaviour of albino and melanic variants of Biomphalaria glabrata Say, 1818 (Mollusca: Planorbidae) following infection by Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907

The behaviour of the albino and melanic variants of Biomphalaria glabrata of Belo Horizonte (MG. Brazil) was studied comparatively, in terms of their respective susceptibilities to infection by Schistosoma mansoni of the same origin, through observation of the elimination of cercariae for a three-month period and the calculation of mortality and infection rates, in control and in infected snails. The number of amoebocytes, granulocytes and hyalinocytes in the circulating hemolymph during different periods of infection was analyzed. The evolution of the infection in the tissues was observed by means of histological cross-sections. The melanic variant showed greater susceptibility to infection and a higher mortality rate. The albino variant showed a higher number of circulating amoebocytes, both granulocytes and hyalinocytes. A higher number of degenerated sporocysts were seen in the histological cross-sections of the albino variant. The results suggest that the melanic variant of B. glabrata was more susceptible to infection by S. mansoni than was the albino variant.

Nota e espécies novas de Cyrtinus LeConte (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Cyrtinini) da Região Neotropical

São descritas novas espécies de Cyrtinus LeConte, 1852: C. hispidus sp. nov. do Equador (Pichincha); C. bifasciatus sp. nov. do Panamá (Colón) e da Costa Rica, C. umbus sp. nov. (Guanacaste) e C. melzeri sp. nov. (Cartago). Acrescentam-se ocorrência e figura de C. penicillatus (Bates, 1885).

The taxonomic status of the endangered thin-spined porcupine, Chaetomys subspinosus (Olfers, 1818), based on molecular and karyologic data

Background: The thin-spined porcupine, also known as the bristle-spined rat, Chaetomys subspinosus (Olfers, 1818), the only member of its genus, figures among Brazilian endangered species. In addition to being threatened, it is poorly known, and even its taxonomic status at the family level has long been controversial. The genus Chaetomys was originally regarded as a porcupine in the family Erethizontidae, but some authors classified it as a spiny-rat in the family Echimyidae. Although the dispute seems to be settled in favor of the erethizontid advocates, further discussion of its affinities should be based on a phylogenetic framework. In the present study, we used nucleotide-sequence data from the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and karyotypic information to address this issue. Our molecular analyses included one individual of Chaetomys subspinosus from the state of Bahia in northeastern Brazil, and other hystricognaths. Results: All topologies recovered in our molecular phylogenetic analyses strongly supported Chaetomys subspinosus as a sister clade of the erethizontids. Cytogenetically, Chaetomys subspinosus showed 2n = 52 and FN = 76. Although the sexual pair could not be identified, we assumed that the X chromosome is biarmed. The karyotype included 13 large to medium metacentric and submetacentric chromosome pairs, one small subtelocentric pair, and 12 small acrocentric pairs. The subtelocentric pair 14 had a terminal secondary constriction in the short arm, corresponding to the nucleolar organizer region (Ag-NOR), similar to the erethizontid Sphiggurus villosus, 2n = 42 and FN = 76, and different from the echimyids, in which the secondary constriction is interstitial. Conclusion: Both molecular phylogenies and karyotypical evidence indicated that Chaetomys is closely related to the Erethizontidae rather than to the Echimyidae, although in a basal position relative to the rest of the Erethizontidae. The high levels of molecular and morphological divergence suggest that Chaetomys belongs to an early radiation of the Erethizontidae that may have occurred in the Early Miocene, and should be assigned to its own subfamily, the Chaetomyinae.

Molluscicidal and ovicidal activities of plant extracts of the Piperaceae on Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818)

Schistosomiasis is a tropical disease caused by Schistosoma and occurs in 54 countries, mainly in South America, the Caribbean region, Africa and the eastern Mediterranean. Currently, 5 to 6 million Brazilian people are infected and 30,000 are under infection risk. Typical of poor regions, this disease is associated with the lack of basic sanitation and very frequently to the use of contaminated water in agriculture, housework and leisure. One of the most efficient methods of controlling the disease is application of molluscicides to eliminate or to reduce the population of the intermediate host snail Biomphalaria glabrata. Studies on molluscicidal activity of plant extracts have been stimulated by issues such as environmental preservation, high cost and recurrent resistance of snails to synthetic molluscicides. The aim of this study was to determine the molluscicide action of extracts from Piperaceae species on adult and embryonic stages of B. glabrata. Fifteen extracts from 13 Piperaceae species were obtained from stems, leaves and roots. Toxicity of extracts was evaluated against snails at two different concentrations (500 and 100 ppm) and those causing 100% mortality at 100 ppm concentration were selected to obtain the LC(90) (lethal concentration of 90% mortality). Piper aduncum, P. crassinervium, P. cuyabanum, P. diospyrifolium and P. hostmannianum gave 100% mortality of adult snails at concentrations ranging from 10 to 60 ppm. These extracts were also assayed on embryonic stages of B. glabrata and those from P. cuyabanum and P. hostmannianum showed 100% ovicidal action at 20 ppm.

Alguns aspectos da biologia de Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) e Biomphalaria tenagophila (D'Orbigny, 1835) (Pulmonata, Planorbidae): I - Duração do período embrionário

Foram realizadas observações sobre a duração do período embrionário de Biomphalaria glabrata e Biomphalaria tenagophila, durante um ano, em condições de laboratório. As médias, expressas em dias, encontradas para Biomphalaria glabrata e Biomphalaria tenagophila foram respectivamente de 7,6 e 8,0 dias. Essas diferenças não foram significativas ao nível de 5%. O desenvolvimento mais rápido dos embriões até a eclosão verificou-se na estação quente, em ambas as espécies, quando a temperatura média da água foi de aproximadamente 28°C. Após a análise da matriz de correlação verificou-se que a influência da temperatura sobre o tempo de desenvolvimento embrionário foi pouco intensa: Biomphalaria glabrata apresentou maior correlação com a temperatura mínima do ambiente (36,2%) e com a temperatura da água (36,0%) enquanto Biomphalaria tenagophila apresentou maior correlação com a temperatura mínima do ambiente (27,0%).

Alguns aspectos da biologia de Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) e Biomphalaria tenagophila (D'Orbigny, 1835) (Pulmonata, planorbidae): II - Fecundidade e fertilidade

Foi realizada, comparativamente, a avaliação do número de cápsulas ovíferas e ovos por caramujo e do número de ovos por desova (fecundidade) e a verificação da taxa de eclosão e de ovos férteis (fertilidade) de Biomphalaria glabrata e Biomphalaria tenagophila, no período de um ano, em condições de laboratório. Verificou-se que a média do número de ovos por desova foi significativamente maior em B. glabrata (19,9) do que em B. tenagophila (16,2), constatando-se que ambas as espécies apresentavam maior fecundidade no mês de abril, embora os fatores ambientes tenham influído pouco no parâmetro em questão. A fecundidade traduzida pelo número de desovas por caramujo-dia, mostrou-se maior em B. glabrata (0,65) do que em B. tenagophila (0,56), o mesmo acontecendo em relação ao número de ovos por caramujo-dia pois B. glabrata apresentou média de 13,4 e B. tenagophila média de 9,9. Considerando-se a fertilidade como a percentagem de eclosão dos caramujos, B. glabrata apresentou média de 95,8% e B. tenagophila a média de 90,5% de eclosão, sendo esta diferença significativa ao nível de 5%. As taxas mais elevadas de eclosão em B. glabrata foram verificadas nos meses de nomais elevadas de eclosão em B. glabrata foram verificadas nos meses de novembro a janeiro (98,0%) e em B. tenagophila nos meses outubro-novembro (95,0%) embora não tenham sido observados ritmo sazonal nem influência da temperatura na eclosão dos planorbídeos estudados.