A aprendizagem do desenho e da escrita: uma experiência com ideogramas japoneses no ensino fundamental

The aim of this paper is to gather research information and studies posted about the importance of social environment in the development of symbolic systems on children. Languages verbal, visual and written are interrelated representation systems, although each one has its own characteristics and elements. The objective of this paper is to elucidate the importance of linking the various existing types of language and therefore the importance of a coordinate approach also in the teaching-learning situations of these systems. The work also intends to disclose how thin is the line that separates writing of drawing, both of them as representative systems. As well as to show how visual information and language are intrinsically linked as thought happens by the connections between them. The work includes the report of an activity with Japanese ideograms done in the author's teacher's training at formal education. It also approaches pictographic, creative and poetic aspects of ideograms that brings up new ways of thinking and representing symbolically just like the methods of artistic language

JORNAL-LABORATÓRIO, UMA ATIVIDADE PEDAGÓGICA MUITO ALÉM DO EXERCÍCIO DE MARKETING

A relação entre jornal-laboratório e marketing das instituições de ensino superior é analisada no trabalho. Valendo-se do estudo de casos múltiplos, são comparados impressos laboratoriais, reconhecidos no meio acadêmico pelo valor pedagógico do exercício proporcionado aos alunos, com aqueles que circulam como ¬house-organs¬, trazendo informações positivas das respectivas faculdades. Eles são examinados com base nos conceitos de ensino de jornalismo e de marketing, especialmente para instituições educacionais. O objetivo é demonstrar que jornais-laboratório transformados em jornais de empresa, no intuito de atender a necessidades de comunicação das instituições com o mercado, contrariam o que é preconizado pelo ensino de jornalismo e pelo próprio marketing. É possível perceber que impressos laboratoriais que simulam a realidade da profissão, com o propósito pedagógico, estão mais adequados como produto ao mix de comunicação porque levam o estudante, como consumidor, a vivenciar situações marcantes de aprendizado, conforme estabelece o marketing de experiências para levar clientes à lealdade com as organizações.(AU)

JORNAL-LABORATÓRIO, UMA ATIVIDADE PEDAGÓGICA MUITO ALÉM DO EXERCÍCIO DE MARKETING

A relação entre jornal-laboratório e marketing das instituições de ensino superior é analisada no trabalho. Valendo-se do estudo de casos múltiplos, são comparados impressos laboratoriais, reconhecidos no meio acadêmico pelo valor pedagógico do exercício proporcionado aos alunos, com aqueles que circulam como ¬house-organs¬, trazendo informações positivas das respectivas faculdades. Eles são examinados com base nos conceitos de ensino de jornalismo e de marketing, especialmente para instituições educacionais. O objetivo é demonstrar que jornais-laboratório transformados em jornais de empresa, no intuito de atender a necessidades de comunicação das instituições com o mercado, contrariam o que é preconizado pelo ensino de jornalismo e pelo próprio marketing. É possível perceber que impressos laboratoriais que simulam a realidade da profissão, com o propósito pedagógico, estão mais adequados como produto ao mix de comunicação porque levam o estudante, como consumidor, a vivenciar situações marcantes de aprendizado, conforme estabelece o marketing de experiências para levar clientes à lealdade com as organizações.(AU)

Memory systems in the brain and localization of a memory

It is now clear that there are a number of different forms or aspects of learning and memory that involve different brain systems. Broadly, memory phenomena have been categorized as explicit or implicit. Thus, explicit memories for experience involve the hippocampus–medial temporal lobe system and implicit basic associative learning and memory involves the cerebellum, amygdala, and other systems. Under normal conditions, however, many of these brain–memory systems are engaged to some degree in learning situations. But each of these brain systems is learning something different about the situation. The cerebellum is necessary for classical conditioning of discrete behavioral responses (eyeblink, limb flexion) under all conditions; however, in the “trace” procedure where a period of no stimuli intervenes between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus the hippocampus plays a critical role. Trace conditioning appears to provide a simple model of explicit memory where analysis of brain substrates is feasible. Analysis of the role of the cerebellum in basic delay conditioning (stimuli overlap) indicates that the memories are formed and stored in the cerebellum. The phenomenon of cerebellar long-term depression is considered as a putative mechanism of memory storage.

Emoções desencadeadas no contexto de um projeto interdisciplinar no ensino de ciências

O desenvolvimento do pensamento e do conhecimento humano esteve vinculado, por muitos séculos a uma visão dual do Homem enquanto corpo/mente, matéria/espírito, razão/emoção, cognição/afeto. Com o surgimento de novas concepções teóricas especialmente a abordagem histórico-social de Vigotski, fundamentada em determinantes culturais, históricos e sociais da condição humana, foi possível uma nova releitura das dimensões cognitiva e emocional, na direção de uma interpretação monista do ser Humano. No entanto, mesmo diante desta interpretação integral do indivíduo, ainda persiste em larga escala no ensino, particularmente no ensino de Ciências, a tradicional busca do desenvolvimento da racionalidade e da lógica em detrimento à dimensão afetivoemocional. Este trabalho de pesquisa pretende focar especial atenção na dimensão afetivo-emocional nas relações estabelecidas em sala de aula quando um projeto de abordagem interdisciplinar é implementado. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com uma turma do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio constituída de 22 alunos, de uma escola privada localizada em uma cidade do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Os resultados refletem a existência de conflitos emocionais significativos entre os alunos, merecendo, portanto, um planejamento docente que permita ações de gestão dessas emoções no contexto do processo de ensino e de aprendizagem.

JORNAL-LABORATÓRIO, UMA ATIVIDADE PEDAGÓGICA MUITO ALÉM DO EXERCÍCIO DE MARKETING

A relação entre jornal-laboratório e marketing das instituições de ensino superior é analisada no trabalho. Valendo-se do estudo de casos múltiplos, são comparados impressos laboratoriais, reconhecidos no meio acadêmico pelo valor pedagógico do exercício proporcionado aos alunos, com aqueles que circulam como ¬house-organs¬, trazendo informações positivas das respectivas faculdades. Eles são examinados com base nos conceitos de ensino de jornalismo e de marketing, especialmente para instituições educacionais. O objetivo é demonstrar que jornais-laboratório transformados em jornais de empresa, no intuito de atender a necessidades de comunicação das instituições com o mercado, contrariam o que é preconizado pelo ensino de jornalismo e pelo próprio marketing. É possível perceber que impressos laboratoriais que simulam a realidade da profissão, com o propósito pedagógico, estão mais adequados como produto ao mix de comunicação porque levam o estudante, como consumidor, a vivenciar situações marcantes de aprendizado, conforme estabelece o marketing de experiências para levar clientes à lealdade com as organizações.(AU)

Seminars and examinations:students' perceptions of the seminar in their examination revision strategy

Students’ performance in examinations is often weaker than in other forms of assessment. Yet it should not be assumed that examination technique is innate or skill based. Successful examination performance calls on students to synthesize information and to demonstrate academic competence. Successful academic performance is primarily concerned with articulatory principles of subject formation and appropriation. However, research into seminars, lectures and examination performances mostly seek to establish a relationship between ‘performance’ and ‘potential’, with much attention focused discretely upon either organizational considerations or the reluctant learner. By emphasizing the social construction of learning situations, this project locates the learning process within a notion of collective social experiences and mutual cooperation. In the broader sense it is interested in questions of meaning and understanding and the process by which concepts are constructed and understood. This process depends on ‘ritualization’, ‘participation frameworks’ and ‘embedding’ (Goffman, 1981). Some students experience difficulties in participating in the ritualized behaviour, which may affect their academic development. By seeking to investigate students’ perception of how they use seminars to develop their academic expertise, this project seeks to contribute to our understanding of the learning process, in particular, the relationship between students’ participation in the examination process and assessment strategies.

A Semantic-Oriented Architecture of a Functional Module for Personalized and Adaptive Access to the Knowledge in a Multimedia Digital Library

This article presents the principal results of the doctoral thesis “Semantic-oriented Architecture and Models for Personalized and Adaptive Access to the Knowledge in Multimedia Digital Library” by Desislava Ivanova Paneva-Marinova (Institute of Mathematics and Informatics), successfully defended before the Specialised Academic Council for Informatics and Mathematical Modelling on 27 October, 2008.

Achievement of generic baccalaureate student nurses using computer -assisted instruction simulations during a nursing review course

The use of computer assisted instruction (CAI) simulations as an instructional strategy provides nursing students with a critical thinking approach for evaluating risks and benefits and choosing correct alternatives in "safe" patient care situations. It was hypothesized that using CAI simulations during an upper level nursing review course would have a positive effect on the students' posttest scores. Subjects (n = 36) were senior nursing students enrolled in a nursing review course in an undergraduate baccalaureate program. A limitation of the study was the small sample size. The study employed a modified group experimental design using the t test for independent samples. The group who received the CAI simulations during the physiological system review demonstrated a significant increase (p $<$.01) in the posttest score mean when compared to the lecture-discussion group score mean. There was no significant difference between high and low clinical grade point average (GPA) students in the CAI and lecture-discussion groups and their score means on the posttest. However, score mean differences of the low clinical GPA students showed a greater increase for the CAI group than the lecture-discussion group. There was no significant difference between the groups in their system content subscore means on the exit examination completed three weeks later. It was concluded that CAI simulations are as effective as lecture-discussion in assisting upper level students to process information for clinical decision making. CAI simulations can be considered as an instructional strategy to supplement or replace lecture content during a review course, allowing more efficient use of faculty time. It is recommended that the study be repeated using a larger sample size. Further investigations are recommended in comparing the effectiveness of computer software formats and various instructional strategies for other learning situations and student populations. ^

Formação docente e conhecimento profissional: desafios para o ensino da matemática na EJA

As for the Education for Youth and Adult (EYA), the challenge of training these teachers is to provide tools to understand and act on the teaching of mathematics. It is realized just how special education in this modality and as such teaching is lacking in an adequate and solid training in the area of knowledge. One of the major problems affecting this type of education is the high dropout and failure rates, and lack of motivation among students. Thus the need to provide differentiated profile with a professional to teach youth and adults students, so that they are able to mobilize didactic-pedagogic knowledge, methodologies and theoretical frameworks that serve as a basis for school-developed teaching practice. This thesis aims to investigate how the math teacher, who acts in adult education from elementary school, has developed its didactic and pedagogical action, and that professional knowledge has been mobilized to teach? It has highlighted the importance of initial and continuing training and professionalization of teachers dedicated to this specific type of education, when teachers should be the protagonists of their professional development. The methodological approach was begun with a literature review, then the research was anchored mainly on the ideas by Gauthier, Nuñez and Ramalho (2004); Imbernon (2011), Garcia (2006); Perrenoud (2000); Tardif (2007 ); Haddad, Di Pierro (2000), D'Ambrosio (2002), Mendes (2006, 2009), Freire (1996, 2011), and other theorists and official documents of field of adult education here and abroad. That work leads us to the understanding of the present moment from a foray into historical and conceptual aspects, as well as educational policies of EYA, as well as training, professionalism, knowledge and skills necessary for professional practice. Then, the subjects and the locus of research and the instrument for data collection were set up and led by the object of study. To consolidate the study was selected a sample of 27 mathematics teachers, working in municipal EYA Network Teaching of Natal. This research is in an investigative nature, within the quantitative and qualitative approaches focused on the responses of study subjects from the content analysis by Bardin (1977). Results from the analyzes have revealed that the initial training of mathematics teachers of adult education needs to be reconfigured in order to formalize the knowledge base of professionals (the mathematical content, didactics and professional knowledge). Thus the study suggests that this base knowledge is embedded in the pedagogical practice of these teachers, so that there is a completion of the teaching and learning process for young people and adults. The study also has pointed out that there is a need for teachers to participate in a continuing education plan that prioritizes learning situations of mathematical content considering the previous knowledge of the students. The final analyses thus indicate that knowledge of mathematics and the didactic and pedagogical strategies to be mobilized by teachers must be able to motivate the students in such a way that they feel need to incorporate in their knowledge, mathematical knowledge capable of making them more likely to have access to social, economic and labor market

Música em projetos socioassistenciais governamentais: práticas e concepções culturais no Serviço de Convivência e Fortalecimento de Vínculos em Natal/RN

This present research focus at the teaching of music in social programs, it discuss about the teaching concepts that permeates the educational-musical practice presents in Serviço de Convivência e Fortalecimento de Vínculos (SCFV), of Complexo Dom Bosco, in Natal-RN. The Objective is to reflect upon the music teaching concepts and the relations between musical knowledge and culture. For this, it was problematized the concepts of music teaching and learning in governmental social projects through theoretical and empirical research. After this step, it was studied the cultural aspects involving the routine in the institutions the influenced the music learning at Serviço de Convivência e Fortalecimento de Vínculos, furthermore, and how these aspects are present in the constitution of the paradigms that involve music teaching. For this, it was used a qualitative approach and a case study as type of research. As data capture tool it was used the ethnographic write, photography, interviews as a Facilitator of music with the students of the program, and video recordings of musical learning situations. Theoretical support it was used authors who study the complexity, culture and music teaching in social projects. Finally, the conclusion is that musical learning, in the SCFV context, is involved of cultural conceptions steeped to the Oratório Dom Bosco space and the same time the Brazilian Social Assistance Policy. Sometimes these concepts are contradictory: discipline, leadership and combat social exclusion refer to dialogical cultural hologram of the institutions involved in the music education process.

Nuevas oportunidades como experiencia. Jóvenes y desigualdad en el caso del Plan FinEs2 en el Gran La Plata

Este artículo tiene como objetivo abordar la articulación de tres dimensiones de la desigualdad social -segregación urbana, segregación educativa y segmentación del mercado de trabajo- que configuran las posiciones desiguales de los jóvenes estudiantes del Plan FinEs2 en el espacio social. Al mismo tiempo, nos proponemos esbozar algunas líneas de análisis para el abordaje de las repercusiones de dicha experiencia en las trayectorias de los jóvenes. Para ello, desde una perspectiva cualitativa, trabajamos con entrevistas en profundidad a jóvenes estudiantes y a docentes del Plan FinEs2 en el Gran La Plata durante el período 2013-2014. Como resultado pudimos observar que la segregación urbana presenta profundas cercanías con las desigualdades en el mercado de trabajo y en el sistema educativo. Estas dimensiones de la desigualdad se encadenan, se combinan y se potencian en un proceso en el que las desventajas se acumulan y dan como resultado signos de la desigualdad social y su reproducción. Sin embargo, dimos cuenta de cuatro movimientos que el recorrido de la experiencia habilita: posiciones frente a las situaciones de aprendizaje, reconocimiento de la posibilidad de complementar actividades laborales y de formación, cambios en las posiciones en sus dinámicas familiares y en espacios de trabajo y significaciones en torno al título secundario

Nuevas oportunidades como experiencia. Jóvenes y desigualdad en el caso del Plan FinEs2 en el Gran La Plata

Este artículo tiene como objetivo abordar la articulación de tres dimensiones de la desigualdad social -segregación urbana, segregación educativa y segmentación del mercado de trabajo- que configuran las posiciones desiguales de los jóvenes estudiantes del Plan FinEs2 en el espacio social. Al mismo tiempo, nos proponemos esbozar algunas líneas de análisis para el abordaje de las repercusiones de dicha experiencia en las trayectorias de los jóvenes. Para ello, desde una perspectiva cualitativa, trabajamos con entrevistas en profundidad a jóvenes estudiantes y a docentes del Plan FinEs2 en el Gran La Plata durante el período 2013-2014. Como resultado pudimos observar que la segregación urbana presenta profundas cercanías con las desigualdades en el mercado de trabajo y en el sistema educativo. Estas dimensiones de la desigualdad se encadenan, se combinan y se potencian en un proceso en el que las desventajas se acumulan y dan como resultado signos de la desigualdad social y su reproducción. Sin embargo, dimos cuenta de cuatro movimientos que el recorrido de la experiencia habilita: posiciones frente a las situaciones de aprendizaje, reconocimiento de la posibilidad de complementar actividades laborales y de formación, cambios en las posiciones en sus dinámicas familiares y en espacios de trabajo y significaciones en torno al título secundario

Nuevas oportunidades como experiencia. Jóvenes y desigualdad en el caso del Plan FinEs2 en el Gran La Plata

Este artículo tiene como objetivo abordar la articulación de tres dimensiones de la desigualdad social -segregación urbana, segregación educativa y segmentación del mercado de trabajo- que configuran las posiciones desiguales de los jóvenes estudiantes del Plan FinEs2 en el espacio social. Al mismo tiempo, nos proponemos esbozar algunas líneas de análisis para el abordaje de las repercusiones de dicha experiencia en las trayectorias de los jóvenes. Para ello, desde una perspectiva cualitativa, trabajamos con entrevistas en profundidad a jóvenes estudiantes y a docentes del Plan FinEs2 en el Gran La Plata durante el período 2013-2014. Como resultado pudimos observar que la segregación urbana presenta profundas cercanías con las desigualdades en el mercado de trabajo y en el sistema educativo. Estas dimensiones de la desigualdad se encadenan, se combinan y se potencian en un proceso en el que las desventajas se acumulan y dan como resultado signos de la desigualdad social y su reproducción. Sin embargo, dimos cuenta de cuatro movimientos que el recorrido de la experiencia habilita: posiciones frente a las situaciones de aprendizaje, reconocimiento de la posibilidad de complementar actividades laborales y de formación, cambios en las posiciones en sus dinámicas familiares y en espacios de trabajo y significaciones en torno al título secundario

Åldersblandning i skolan : elevers erfarenheter

Mixing ages in school classes became more and more common during the last dec-ades of the 20th century. From being a way to organise classes out of necessity they have now come to be something which is implemented on the basis of pedagogical arguments. The aim of this research has been to improve our knowledge of classes where pupils are not of the same age. A study of the pupils’ perspectives has been my main interest. (Age) homogeneous class can been looked upon as a result of the authorities’ deci-sion to have a fixed age for children to start school and their decision that certain courses should be completed within a defined period of time. Terms and the data concerning heterogeneous age groupings are ambiguous and cannot be fully understood without knowledge of national and sometimes even local contexts. Practices within age heterogeneous classes may differ greatly. A great deal of individual work takes place in age heterogeneous classes. Whether the class is non-mixed or mixed-aged does not seem to have a major im-pact on cognitive or non-cognitive abilities among the pupils, but there are suggestions that age heterogeneous classes might be disadvantageous to pupils in problematic situations. I am able to show that more than 30% of pupils in grades 1-3, close to 25% in grades 4-5, about 15% in grade 6 and a couple of percent of Swedish pupils in the later school years are taught in mixed-age groups. My own empirical research focuses on pupils’ experiences. My investigation has a ‘life-world’ oriented approach inspired by phenomenology. Pupils in grades 5 and 6 from three schools in three different socio-economic settings were interviewed. These pupils had experienced both mixed-age and single-age classes. The life-world of pupils seems to be something different from that encompassed by the philosophy about the advantages of mixing the ages in classes. Pupils find it diffi-cult to maintain or create relationships when only a few pupils of the same sex, who have started school at the same time, can be together in a class for a long time. Be-cause of the importance of social relationships almost every pupil in this investigation wished to be in a single-age class during the following year. It is the importance of common experiences rather than age that is central. Pupils stated that having things in common to study in their everyday schoolwork makes it easier to communicate and contributes to stable friendships. In my conclusion I focus on what it means to have relationships and how these are important for human identity. I also try to show how relationships are important in learning situations at school and for pupils’ opportunities to expand their knowledge.