Neolignans, styrylpyrones and flavonoids from an Aniba species

The trunk wood and barks from an Aniba species contain four esters of benzoic acid with cinnamyl alcohol, five benzofuran neolignans, licarin-A, burchellin, cis-burchellin, burchellin-rearranged and cis-burchellin-rearranged, one tetrahydrofuran neolignan, aristolignin, three bicyclooctane guianin-type neolignans, (7S, 8S, 1'R, 5'R)-4-hydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-4',6'-dioxo-8.1', 7.5'-neolignan-Delta: 1,3,5,2',8' and the new (7S, 8S, 1'R, 4'R, 5'S)-4'-hydroxy-3,4,3'-trimethoxy-6'-oxo-8.1', 7.5'-neolignan-Delta: 1,3,5,2',8' and (7S, 8S, 1'R, 4'R, 5'S)-4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-6'-oxo-8.1', 7.5'-neolignan-Delta: 1,3,5,2',8', one new bicyclooctane canellin-type neolignan (7S, 8S, 1'S, 4'R, 5'R, 6'S)-4',6'-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-3'-oxo-8.1', 7.5'-neolignan-Delta: 1,3,5,8', two styrylpyrones, 4-methoxy-6-(11,12-dimethoxy-trans-styryl)-2-pyrone and 6-(11,12-methylenedioxy-trans-styryl)-4-methoxy-2-pyrone, two styrylpyrone dimers: 4'-methoxy-8-(11,12-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-[6-(4-methoxy-2-pyronyl)-6-(E)-styryl-1'-oxabicyclo[4,2,0]octa-4'-en-2'-one and the new 11,12-dimethoxyphenyl-7,7'-di-[6-(4-methoxy-2-pyronyl)]-cyclobutane and six flavonoids, 3,5-dihydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-3,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone, 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone, 2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone and a new flavan, 6,7,3',4',5'-pentamethoxyflavan. (C) 1997 Elsevier B.V. Ltd.

Phytosociological studies in the morro do diabo forest (Pontal do Paranapanema, SP), Brazil

Results are given of a phytosociological study of a forest located in the Morro do Diabo State Park. in the county of Teodoro Sampaio (22 degrees 31'S, 52 degrees 10'W), Pontal do Paranapanema region, state of São Paulo. The point-centered quarter method, using 300 sampling points, was used establishing 3 trails of 100 sampling points each, 10 m interdistant. All woody vegetation with a breast height diameter of 5 cm or more were samplied. Three distinct ecotopes could be identified in the forest: the lower, thc slope and the peak, which were analised separately.The families that presented the greatest numbers of genera, species and individuals were Leguminosae, Euphorbiaceae and Myrtaceae, followed by Rutaceae, Lauraceae, Meliaceae and Moracea. A total of 104 species, 85 genera and 37 families were sampled by the phytosociological survey. The relative sociological position of each plant family or species varied according to ecotope.

Neolignans from leaves of Ocotea catharinensis

A hexane extract of Ocotea catharinensis leaves afforded, by chromatographic fractionation, 11 neolignans, eight of the benzofuran- type (including three new compounds) and three of the bicyclo[3.2.1] octane-type (including two new compounds).

A new neolignan and antioxidant phenols from Nectandra grandiflora

The EtOH crude extract from the leaves of Nectandra grandiflora collected in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil, showed antioxidant activity towards β-carotene in a TLC assay. The bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of protocatechuic acid and two flavonol glycosides: afzelin and quercetrin, which showed free radical scavenging activity towards DPPH (ΔA 32, 16 and 73% at 50 μmol L-1) and were compared to commercial antioxidants rutin (81% at 50 μmol L-1) and BHT (9% at 50 μmol L-1), used as standard compounds. Additionally, three inactive neolignans, including the new bicycle[3.2.1]octane neolignan 2′-oxo-piperol B were obtained and characterized by spectrometric methods. ©2005 Sociedade Brasileira de Química.

Assessing the above-ground biomass of a complex tropical rainforest using a canopy crane

Current estimates of the total biomass in tropical rainforests vary considerably; this is due in large part to the different approaches that are used to calculate biomass. In this study we have used a canopy crane to measure the tree architectures in a 1 ha plot of complex mesophyll vine forest at Cape Tribulation, Australia. Methods were developed to measure and calculate the crown and stem biomass of six major species of tree and palm (Alstonia scholaris (Apocynaceae), Cleistanthus myrianthus (Euphorbiaceae), Endiandra microneura (Lauraceae), Myristica insipida (Myristicaceae), Acmena graveolens (Myrtaceae), Normanbya normanbyi (Arecaceae)) using the unique access provided by the crane. This has allowed the first non-destructive biomass estimate to be carried out for a forest of this type. Allometric equations which relate tree biomass to the measured variable 'diameter at breast height' were developed for the six species, and a general equation was also developed for trees on the plot. The general equation was similar in form to equations developed for tropical rainforests in Brazil and New Guinea. The species equations were applied at the level of families, the generalized equation was applied to the remaining species which allowed the biomass of a total of 680 trees to be calculated. This has provided a current estimate of 270 t ha-1 above-ground biomass at the Australian Canopy Crane site; a value comparable to lowland rainforests in Panama and French Guiana. Using the same tree database seven alternative allometric equations (literature equations for tropical rainforests) were used to calculate the site biomass, the range was large (252-446 t ha-1) with only three equations providing estimates within 34 t ha-1 (12.5%) of the site value. Our use of multiple species-specific allometric equations has provided a site estimate only slightly larger (1%) than that obtained using allometric equations developed specifically for tropical wet rainforests. We have demonstrated that it is possible to non-destructively measure the biomass in a complex forest using an on-site canopy crane. In conjunction the development of crown maps and a detailed tree architecture database allows changes in forest structure to be followed quantitatively. © 2007 Ecological Society of Australia.

Comparative study of disk diffusion and microdilution methods for evaluation of antifungal activity of natural compounds against medical yeasts Candida spp and Cryptococcus sp

Antifungal activity of natural products has been tested by adapting methods designed for synthetic drugs. In this study, two methods for the determination of antifungal activity of natural products, agar diffusion and broth microdilution, the CLSI reference methods for synthetic drugs, are compared and discussed. The microdilution method was more sensitive. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of crude extracts, fractions and pure substances from different species of the plant families Piperaceae, Rubiaceae, Clusiaceae, Fabaceae and Lauraceae, from the Biota project, were determined. Antifungal activities against Candida albicans, C.krusei, C.parapsilosis and Cryptococcus neoformans were produced by several samples.

Florística e fitossociologia do estrato arbustivo de área de transição savana-floresta no Parque Estadual de Porto Ferreira, SP

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal) - IBRC

Florística e fitossociologia das espécies arbóreas de ocorrência e mata ciliar no Alto Rio Pardo, na estância climática de Caconde - SP

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal) - IBRC

Fitossociologia em um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual na estação ecológica do Caiuá, Paraná, Brasil

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica) - IBB

Estudo da ação antinociceptiva e antiinflamátoria do 1-Nitro-2-Feniletano, principal constituinte da Aniba Canelilla

A Aniba canelilla (H.B.K) Mez, conhecida popularmente como casca-preciosa é uma espécie da família Lauraceae que apresenta ampla distribuição na região amazônica. O chá das folhas e das cascas são utilizados na medicina popular como digestivo, carminativo e antiinflamatório. Neste estudo decidiu-se avaliar se esta atividade é devida a um de seus principais constituintes, o 1-nitro-2-feniletano. A amostra obtida por purificação do óleo essencial de Aniba canelilla possui 97,5% de 1-nitro-2-feniletano foi fornecida pelo Laboratório de Engenharia Química da UFPA. Nos modelos de nocicepção foram realizados os testes da contorção abdominal, placa quente e formalina. Enquanto que nos modelos de inflamação foram realizados a dermatite induzido pelo óleo de croton, edema de pata induzido por dextrana e carragenina e peritonite induzido pela carragenina. No teste de contorção abdominal induzido por ácido acético, o 1-nitro-2-feniletano nas doses de 15, 25 e 50 mg/kg reduziu de maneira significativa o número de contorções abdominais. No teste de placa quente (55 0,5 C), o 1-nitro-2-feniletano nas doses de 50, 100 e 200 mg/kg não induziu alterações no tempo de latência quando comparado ao grupo controle. No teste de formalina, o 1-nitro-2-feniletano nas doses de 25 e 50 mg/kg reduziu de maneira significativa o estímulo álgico na 2 fase do teste. Além disso, a antinocicepção foi revertida pela naloxona na segunda fase. Na dermatite induzida pelo óleo de croton, o 1-nitro-2-feniletano nas doses de 25 e 50 mg/kg reduziu de maneira significativa o eritema em relação ao grupo controle (inibição de 73% e 79%, respectivamente). Nos edemas de pata induzido por carragenina e dextrana, o 1-nitro-2-feniletano foi capaz de impedir o desenvolvimento do edema, nas doses de 25 e 50 mg/kg, em comparação com o grupo controle. Na peritonite induzida por carragenina, o 1-nitro-2-feniletano na dose de 25 mg/kg reduziu o número de células globais e o número de neutrófilos quando comparado ao grupo controle (inibição de 22,55% e 38,13%, respectivamente). Nossos resultados sugerem que o 1-nitro-2-feniletano tem atividade antinociceptiva e antiinflamatória, provavelmente, de origem periférica, além disso, os resultados sugerem que os receptores opióides estão envolvidos no efeito antinociceptivo do 1-nitro-2-feniletano.

Plant sources of amazon rosewood oil

The aim of this study is to reevaluate the plant sources of the Amazon rosewood oil which have been named Aniba rosaeodora Ducke and Aniba duckei Kosterm. There is some disagreement on the exact botanical status of these species. Some Lauraceae specialists analyzing available material from both species concluded that there is no basis for regarding them as different. Based on our results we are confirming that the chemical composition of both species is quite different from that previously reported. So we are suggesting to bring back the previous botanical rosewood status as proposed by Adolph Ducke.

Atividade biológica de derivados vegetais de famílias da flora brasileira sobre as linhagens I e II de Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudo fitossociológico de floresta estacional semidecidual e de cerrado no município de Patrocínio Paulista, SP

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Florística e fitossociologia de comunidades arbóreas em contato savana-floresta, Parque Estadual de Porto Ferreira (PEPF), Porto Ferreira, SP

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Determinação da matéria seca e teores de macronutrientes em folhas de frutíferas usando diferentes métodos de secagem

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar diferentes métodos de secagem de folhas para três diferentes frutíferas (maracujá, pêssego e abacate), com relação à determinação da matéria seca e os teores foliares de macronutrientes. Foram coletadas amostras de folhas recém expandida de três culturas, do pomar da fazenda de ensino e pesquisa da FCAV-UNESP, câmpus de Jaboticabal, no mês de janeiro de 2010, coletando-se para cada cultura 12 amostras com 25 folhas cada. Os tratamentos constituíram-se por dois métodos de secagem, estufa de circulação de ar forçada regulada a uma temperatura de 70°C e o forno microondas (FMO). Avaliou-se a massa da matéria seca e os teores foliares de macronutrientes. Os resultados sugerem que os dois métodos de secagem testados se assemelham na determinação de matéria seca e nos teores foliares de macronutrientes para as culturas análisadas, exceto os teores de cálcio na cultura do pêssego.