Dissertationes in C. Julii Caesaris Commentarios.

Bd. 24. De elegantia Caesaris sive de commentariorum de b. G. et de b. c. differentiis animadversiones / O. Dernoscheck, 1903--Der Zug des Cimbern und Teutonen / A. Helbling, 1898--Unsere Armeesprache im Dienste der Caesar-Übersetzung / M. Hodermann, 1903--Cäsar, der Eroberer Galliens / R. Lange, 1896--Divico oder die von Caesar den Ost-Galliern und Süd-Germanen gegenüber Vertretene Politik, Lfg. I-III / H. von Müllinen, 1898-1901--Die Unterwerfung Galliens durch Cäsar verglichen mit der Bezwingung Frankreichs durch die deutsche Armee im Feldzuge 1870/71 / A. von Oertzen, 1904.

The Greville memoirs (third and concluding part) a journal of the reign of Queen Victoria, from 1852 to 1860,

Lettered on cover: vol. III.

Insetos em presépios e as "formigas vestidas" de Jules Martin (1832-1906): uma curiosa manufatura paulistana do final do século XIX

Encontrados no Brasil desde os primórdios da colonização portuguesa, os presépios logo tiveram de adaptar-se à realidade local, circunstância muito propícia ao aparecimento de concepções heterodoxas e ao emprego de elementos exóticos da fauna e flora de cada região. Como registros envolvendo insetos são muito pouco comuns, chama a atenção que fêmeas de saúva, Atta sp. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), tenham sido aproveitadas na composição de presépios no estado de São Paulo. Tendo subsistido pelo menos até a década 1960, os "presépios de formigas" existentes em cidades como Embu das Artes poderiam estar relacionados às "formigas vestidas" criadas por Jules Martin, curiosa manufatura paulistana do último quartel do século XIX.

Growth performance and body composition of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg 1887) in response to dietary protein and energy levels

Improper dietary protein and energy levels and their ratio will lead to increased fish production cost. This work evaluated effects of dietary protein : energy ratio on growth and body composition of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. Fingerling pacu (15.5 +/- 0.4 g) were fed twice a day for 10 weeks until apparent satiation with diets containing 220, 260, 300, 340 or 380 g kg-1 crude protein (CP) and 10.9, 11.7, 12.6, 13.4 or 14.2 MJ kg-1 digestible energy (DE) in a totally randomized experimental design, 5 x 5 factorial scheme (n = 3). Weight gain, specific growth rate increased and feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) when CP increased from 220 to 271, 268 and 281 g kg-1 respectively. Pacu was able to adjust feed consumption in a wide range of dietary DE concentration. Fish fed 260 CP diets showed best (P < 0.05) protein efficiency ratio and FCR with 11.7-12.6 MJ kg-1; but for the 380 CP-diets group, significant differences were observed only at 14.2 MJ kg-1 dietary energy level, suggesting that pacu favours protein as energy source. DE was the chief influence on whole body chemical composition. Minimum dietary protein requirement of pacu is 270 g kg-1, with an optimum CP : DE of 22.2 g MJ-1.

Dietary Levamisole Influenced Hematological Parameters of Juvenile Pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg 1887)

Diseases outbreaks are a major concern in intensive fish farming because fish are exposed to stressors which may negatively affect their physiology. This study set out to determine effects of dietary levamisole (Levamisole HCl; SIGMA (R)) on performance and hematology of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, juveniles. Fish (55.94 g) were stocked into 24 plastic aquaria (500 L; 15 fish per aquarium) and fed for 30 d with a commercial diet with 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg levamisole, and for an extra 15 d, with a control diet in a totally randomized design trial (n = 4). Biometrical and hematological data were collected. No significant differences in growth parameters were recorded for either control or supplemented diets. Hematological parameters, such as hemoglobin, plasma glucose, white blood count (WBC), and differential leukocyte count were influenced (P < 0.05) levamisole. WBC, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and special granulocytic cell numbers decreased significantly after 15 d. Dietary levamisole at 100 mg/kg diet for 15 d increased leukocyte production in juvenile pacu. However, levamisole administration for more than 15 d presented toxicity to lymphopoietic tissues. Information about long-period administration, mode of action in weight gain, effects on hematology of levamisole in freshwater fish nutrition are scarce and necessary for its safe use in aquaculture.

Dietary lysine requirement of juvenile pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887)

Lysine is the reference essential amino acid in fish feeds and usually the most limiting amino acid in feedstuffs. The dietary lysine requirement of juvenile pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (4.3 g) was determined using five isonitrogenous (32% CP) test diets containing graded levels of lysine (0.9, 1.17, 1.44, 1.69 and 1.96% of dry diet) fed three times a day to four groups of 18 fish for 74 days. Growth, body composition, nutrient retention and hematological parameters of pacu were analyzed. Analysis of variance showed that all growth performance parameters were significantly affected by dietary treatments. The lysine requirements estimated using regression analysis for maximum weight gain and feed efficiency were 1.45 and 1.51% of dry diet, respectively. Nitrogen retention efficiency increased with increasing levels of dietary lysine up to 1.43% (p<0.05). Whole-body protein increased (p<0.05) and whole-body lipid decreased (p<0.05) with increasing dietary lysine level. Thus, the lysine requirement of juvenile pacu was estimated as being 1.4-1.5% of dry diet or 4.4-4.7% of dietary protein. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Jules Cotard (1840-1889) - His life and the unique syndrome which bears his name

Dr. Jules Cotard (1840-1889) was a Parisian neurologist who first described the delire des negations. Cotard's syndrome or Cotard's delusion comprises any one of a series of delusions ranging from the fixed and unshakable belief that one has lost organs, blood, or body parts to believing that one has lost one's soul or is dead. In its most profound form, the delusion takes the form of a professed belief that one does not exist. Encountered primarily in psychoses such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, Cotard's syndrome has also been described in organic lesions of the nondominant temporoparietal cortex as well as in migraine. Cotard's delusion is the only self-certifiable syndrome of delusional psychosis. Jules Cotard, a Parisian neurologist and psychiatrist and former military surgeon, was one of the first to induce cerebral atrophy by the experimental embolization of cerebral arteries in animals and a pioneer in studies of the clinicopathologic correlates of cerebral atrophy secondary to perinatal and postnatal pathologic changes. He was the first to record that unilateral cerebral atrophy in infancy does not necessarily lead to aphasia and was also the pioneer of studies of altered conscious states in diabetic hyperglycemia.

Quando a fotografia (já) fazia os antropólogos sonharem: O jornal La Lumière (1851-1860)

Na efervescente metade do século XIX, marcada pela febre da ordem e do progresso, da racionalidade e das luzes, os antropólogos-naturalistas franceses descobrem, ao lado de muitos outros cientistas, as possibilidades heurísticas que a fotografia ofereceria à "visão" que eles tinham da "antropologia", a saber essa tentativa de mapeamento da "espécie humana", das raças e, dentre elas, dos tipos humanos, numa perspectiva claramente evolucionista. O jornal La Lumière (1851-1867), primeira publicação francesa dedicada à "Fotografia, às Artes e às Ciências", foi parcialmente reimpresso em 1995. Mergulhando nas colunas desse semanário, o leitor, além de adquirir uma idéia das origens da antropologia francesa, descobre as profissões de fé que se erguem em torno do novo suporte técnico e da nova "retina do cientista". Descobre, também, como essa prótese instaura uma nova ordem do olhar e levanta, em termos de uma epistemologia do conhecimento, um interessante questionamento em torno de dois outros meios de representações figurativas nos círculos antropológicos da época: os desenhos e as moldagens.

A disparada do burro e a cartilha do feitor: lógicas morais na construção de redes de sociabilidade entre escravos e livres em fazendas do Sudeste, 1860-1888

O objetivo principal do autor é pensar as relações de trabalho entre senhores, escravos, lavradores, administradores e feitores, em fazendas de café do Sudeste, nas décadas finais da escravidão. Para isso, tais relações sociais são analisadas através de dois estudos de caso, nos quais se chama a atenção para o conflito entre homens livres e escravos na formação de alianças em torno das regras sociais de justiça e trabalho, as quais são constantemente rompidas e reafirmadas, em permanente conflito social.

O Liberalismo português: ideários e ciências. O Universo de Marino Miguel Franzini (1800-1860)

Cultura Moderna e Contemporânea n.1