Grammatik des altfranzösischen / von dr. Dietrich Behrens.

Mode of access: Internet.

La polychromie dans la statuaire du moyen âge et de la Renaissance.

Extrait des Mémoires de la Société nationale des antiquaires de France, t. 48.

Obras completas /

t. 3. La conjuracion de Almagro (drama histórico). El pasaporte (zarzuela en un acto i verso)

Gesammelte Werke /

Bd. 1. Gedichte. Das Höferecht.--Bd. 2. Die Wiedergeborenen. Hagars Sohn. Blut.--Bd. 3. Probleme. Ein Regentag. Frühschein.--Bd. 4. Vier Geschichten. Am Wege sterben.--Bd. 5. Die Troika. Der Übergang.--Bd. 6. Die Hanna. Filippinas Kind. Hallutinationen.--Bd. 7. Essays.

The age of big business : a chronicle of the captains of industry /

Reprinted in part from McClure's magazine.

Martín Rivas : novela de costumbres político-sociales /

Mode of access: Internet.

Gesammelte Werke in drei Bänden.

Vol. 1-2: "Vierte Ausgabe."

History of the Social-democratic party of Milwaukee, 1897-1910,

Bibliography: p. 83-85.

Taktische Strömungen in der deutschen Sozialdemokratie.

Mode of access: Internet.

Bibliografía americana. Estudios i catálogo completo i razonado de la biblioteca americana

"Don Gregorio de Beéche (rasgos biográficos)": p. v-xvi.

A grammar of the English language in a series of letters. Intended for the use of schools and of young persons in general ; but more especially for the use of soldiers, sailors, apprentices, and plough-boys. To which are added six lessons intended to prevent statesmen from using false grammar and from writing in an awkward manner.

Title on spine: Cobbett's grammar.

Regulation of beta-cell viability and gene expression by distinct agonist fragments of adiponectin

Obesity is an established risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Activation of the adiponectin receptors has a clear role in improving insulin resistance although conflicting evidence exists for its effects on pancreatic beta-cells. Previous reports have identified both adiponectin receptors (ADR-1 and ADR-2) in the beta-cell. Recent evidence has suggested that two distinct regions of the adiponectin molecule, the globular domain and a small N-terminal region, have agonist properties. This study investigates the effects of two agonist regions of adiponectin on insulin secretion, gene expression, cell viability and cell signalling in the rat beta-cell line BRIN-BD11, as well as investigating the expression levels of adiponectin receptors (ADRs) in these cells. Cells were treated with globular adiponectin and adiponectin (15-36) +/-leptin to investigate cell viability, expression of key beta-cell genes and ERK1/2 activation. Both globular adiponectin and adiponectin (15-36) caused significant ERK1/2 dependent increases in cell viability. Leptin co-incubation attenuated adiponectin (15-36) but not globular adiponectin induced cell viability. Globular adiponectin, but not adiponectin (15-36), caused a significant 450% increase in PDX-1 expression and a 45% decrease in LPL expression. ADR-1 was expressed at a higher level than ADR-2, and ADR mRNA levels were differentially regulated by non-esterified fatty acids and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor agonists. These data provide evidence of roles for two distinct adiponectin agonist domains in the beta-cell and confirm the potentially important role of adiponectin receptor agonism in maintaining beta-cell mass.

Cancer cachexia

Causative factors: Nutritional supplementation or pharmacological manipulation of appetite are unable to control the muscle atrophy seen in cancer cachexia. This suggests that tumour and/or host factors might be responsible for the depression in protein synthesis and the increase in protein degradation. An increased expression of the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway is responsible for the increased degradation of myofibrillar proteins in skeletal muscle, and this may be due to tumour factors, such as proteolysis-inducing factor (PIF), or host factors such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In humans loss of adipose tissue is due to an increase in lipolysis rather than a decrease in synthesis, and this may be due to tumour factors such as lipid-mobilising factor (LMF) or TNF-α, both of which can increase cyclic AMP in adipocytes, leading to activation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). Levels of mRNA for HSL are elevated twofold in adipose tissue of cancer patients, while there are no changes in lipoprotein lipase (LPL), involved in extraction of fatty acids from plasma lipoproteins for storage. Treatment for cachexia: This has concentrated on increasing food intake, although that alone is unable to reverse the metabolic changes. Agents interfering with TNF-α have not been very successful to date, although more research is required in that area. The only agent tested clinically that is able to interfere with the action of PIF is eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). EPA attenuates protein degradation in skeletal muscle by preventing the increased expression of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, but has no effect on protein synthesis. When used alone EPA prevents further wasting in cachectic patients, and, when it is combined with an energy- and protein-dense nutritional supplement, weight gain is seen, which is totally lean body mass. These results suggest that mechanistic studies into the causes of cancer cachexia will allow appropriate therapeutic intervention.

Tissue-specific bioscaffolds for adipose-derived stem/stromal cell expansion and delivery

Decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) is a promising biomaterial for soft tissue regeneration, and it provides a highly conducive microenvironment for human adipose-derived stem/stromal cell (ASC) attachment, proliferation, and adipogenesis. This thesis focused on developing techniques to fabricate 3-D bioscaffolds from enzymatically-digested DAT as platforms for ASC culture and delivery in adipose tissue engineering and large-scale ASC expansion. Initial work investigated chemically crosslinked microcarriers fabricated from pepsin-digested DAT as injectable adipo-inductive substrates for ASCs. DAT microcarriers highly supported ASC adipogenesis compared to gelatin microcarriers in a CELLSPIN system, as confirmed by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) enzyme activity, lipid accumulation, and endpoint RT-PCR. ASCs cultured on DAT microcarriers in proliferation medium also had elevated PPARγ, C/EBPα, and LPL expression which suggested adipo-inductive properties. In vivo testing of the DAT microcarriers exhibited stable volume retention and enhanced cellular infiltration, tissue remodeling, and angiogenesis. Building from this work, non-chemically crosslinked porous foams and bead foams were fabricated from α-amylase-digested DAT for soft tissue regeneration. Foams were stable and strongly supported ASC adipogenesis based on GPDH activity and endpoint RT-PCR. PPARγ, C/EBPα, and LPL expression in ASCs cultured on the foams in proliferation media indicated adipo-inductive properties. Foams with Young’s moduli similar to human fat also influenced ASC adipogenesis by enhanced GPDH activity. In vivo adipogenesis accompanied by a potent angiogenic response and rapid resorption showed their potential use in wound healing applications. Finally, non-chemically crosslinked porous microcarriers synthesized from α-amylase-digested DAT were investigated for ASC expansion. DAT microcarriers remained stable in culture and supported significantly higher ASC proliferation compared to Cultispher-S microcarriers in a CELLSPIN system. ASC immunophenotype was preserved for all expanded groups, with reduced adhesion marker expression under dynamic conditions. DAT microcarrier expansion upregulated ASC expression of early adipogenic (PPARγ, LPL) and chondrogenic (COMP) markers without inducing a mature phenotype. DAT microcarrier expanded ASCs also showed similar levels of adipogenesis and osteogenesis compared to Cultispher-S despite a significantly higher population fold-change, and had the highest level of chondrogenesis among all groups. This study demonstrates the promising use of DAT microcarriers as a clinically relevant strategy for ASC expansion while maintaining multilineage differentiation capacity.

Di and tripeptides from marine sources can target adipogenic process and contribute to decrease adipocyte number and functions

The effect of 11 marine-derived cryptides was investigated on proliferation, differentiation and maturation of human white pre-adipocytes (HWP). They were all formerly identified as potent Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme inhibitors.Val-Trp (VW),Val-Tyr (VY), Lys-Tyr (KY), Lys-Trp (KW), Ile-Tyr (IY), Ala-Pro (AP),Val-Ile-Tyr (VIY), Leu-Lys-Pro (LKP), Gly-Pro-Leu (GPL), Ala-Lys-Lys (AKK) and Val-Ala-Pro (VAP) were previously found in fish products and coproducts as well as other marine resources like wakame. Treatment with AP, VAP and AKK greatly affected viability of HWP during the proliferation period while KW and VW treatment reduced the number of viable cells during the differentiation stage. A GPL and IY incubation during the differentiation stage allowed the decrease of their final lipid content, of the GPDH activity and of the mRNA level of adipocyte markers (aP2, GLUT4, LPL and AGT). Moreover, a down regulation of both PPARγ and C/EBPα expression, two key regulators of adipogenesis,was observed.These findings indicate that small bioactive peptides from marine protein hydrolysates can target adipogenesis and thus could regulate energy metabolism disorders