Risk, Transaction Costs, and Tax Assignment: Government Finance in the Ottoman Empire

Risk and transaction costs often provide competing explanations of institutional outcomes. In this paper we argue that they offer opposing predictions regarding the assignment of fixed and variable taxes in a multi-tiered governmental structure. While the central government can pool regional risks from variable taxes, local governments can measure variable tax bases more accurately. Evidence on tax assignment from the mid-sixteenth century Ottoman Empire supports the transaction cost explanation, suggesting that risk matters less because insurance can be obtained in a variety of ways.

Post-decentralization regional economies and actors -- putting the capacity of Local governments to the test

Decentralization in Indonesia was introduced institutionally in 2001, with a democratization drive promoted by international donors and by the intention of the new government to clear away the centralistic image of Soeharto. Decentralization has had some effects on regional economies and on local government administration. Compared to the period before decentralization, the share of gross regional domestic product and local government finance has increased in Java, though investment and bank borrowing have expanded to the outer islands. In qualitative aspects, decentralization has transferred not only administrative authority but also many new vested interests from the center to regions. Local governments have become more extensive economic actors in regional economies. Regional economic actors now compete actively for such vested interests and have missed the opportunity to create market-friendly regional economies. The government sector should not be a mere rent-seeking economic actor, but should play a role as a facilitator promoting private sector activities in regional economies.

Growth and public finance in Bihar

This paper explores the causal links between the role of public finance and Bihar's growth and development in the last decade; and argues that these links are tenuous. Bihar's growth acceleration precedes the ‘policy reforms' in public finance based on the ‘good governance' agenda initiated since 2005-06. However, the constraints on sustaining efforts to close Bihar's development gap with the rest of India stems from the nature of the growth process in its regional, sectoral and social dimensions and the contradictory means and ends of the ‘policy reforms' in public finance. Together, this has not only prevented the economic growth to add to public coiffeurs of the state but also occluded the role of tax institutions.

State and local taxation : national conference under the auspices of the National Tax Association : addresses and proceedings.

Mode of access: Internet.

Mass transit grants: UMTA needs to improve procurement monitoring at local transit authority.

Mode of access: Internet.

Report of the auditor of public accounts of commonwealth of Virginia on comparative cost of local government.

At head of title, 1926/27-1929/30: Commonwealth of Virginia.

State of California budget for the fiscal year ... submitted by ... Governor to the California Legislature ... budget message of governor, letter of transmittal of Director of Finance, summary statements, budget charts

Mode of access: Internet.

State and local finances, significant features, 1966 to 1969; an information report.

"M-43."

Election and campaign finance calendar /

Latest issue consulted: 2007.

Expenditures and financial resources of the State and local governments in Illinois /

Cover title.

Illinois public schools financial statistics and local property tax data /

Mode of access: Internet.

Municipal finance series /

Section 1. Municipal revenue sources. -- Section 2. Budget request. -- Section 3. Operating budget. -- Section 4. Appropriation ordiance. -- Section 5. Tax levy ordinance. -- Section 6. Truth in taxation, all taxing districts. -- Section 7. Monthly reports. -- Section 8. Annual reports. -- Section 9. Chart of accounts. -- Section 10. Municipal budget officer.

Preparing for local education agency audits.

Cover title: Preparing for your local education agency audits.

Purchasing, a guide book for local governments /

Cover title.

Alternative investing by state and local pension funds : case studies /

"Prepared for the Urban Institute as part of the project, 'Economic Issues of State and Local Pension Plans,' U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Grant No. H-2921-RG."