479 resultados para LISE
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Cet essai vise la conception d'un examen clinique objectif structur (ECOS) comme volet pratique ajouter l'preuve synthse de programme actuellement utilise par les enseignantes et les enseignants du Dpartement de radio-oncologie du Collge Ahunstic. L'preuve synthse de programme actuelle consiste la production d'un travail de recherche sur une pathologie cancreuse. Cette nouvelle preuve s'inscrit dans une logique d'une plus grande cohrence avec l'approche par comptences (APC), les exigences lgales, rglementaires et pdagogiques lies cette approche. Une recension d'crits pertinents en lien avec l'objectif vis par cet essai nous a permis de constater que l'ECOS est un type d'valuation pratique et authentique qui permet l'valuation des performances complexes, ce qui est tout fait appropri avec l'APC. travers cette recension, nous avons mis en lumire les caractristiques de cette forme d'valuation.
Validation d'un modle de formation en ligne portant sur le soutien nutritionnel auprs des dittistes.
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Cet essai prsente les rsultats d'une recherche exprimentation en vue de valider un modle de formation en ligne auprs des dittistes. Les besoins accrus de formation suscits par le nouveau cadre normatif amnent l'Ordre professionnel des dittistes du Qubec (OPDQ) dvelopper diffrents moyens de perfectionnement pour ses membres. Bien que les moyens actuellement disponibles soient assez diversifis, il importe de pouvoir offrir au plus grand nombre possible une offre de formation de haut niveau afin d'assurer e dveloppement des comptences des dittistes. Comme l'OPDQ n'a pas les effectifs ncessaires pour former rapidement un grand nombre de personnes disperses gographiquement, il devient intressant d'explorer des moyens de formation complmentaires et d'envisager exploiter les possibilits offertes par la formation en ligne. C'est ainsi que l'auteure de cette recherche a constat que l'ajout d'une offre complmentaire de formation en ligne pourrait grandement profiter aux dittistes afin de les aider mieux rpondre l'obligation de mise jour de leurs connaissances. Une enqute ralise l't 2006 auprs des membres de l'OPDQ confirmait l'intrt des rpondantes pour ce type de formation ainsi que la prsence des habilets technologiques ncessaires. Les donnes alors recueillies ont permis de cibler une comptence dvelopper et d'exprimenter, auprs des dittistes, un modle de formation en ligne portant sur le choix de la voie d'alimentation approprie. Les objectifs spcifiques de la recherche exprimentation consistaient laborer un modle de formation en ligne pour ensuite l'exprimenter auprs d'un groupe pilote de dittistes en exercice afin d'en valuer le potentiel. Ce modle identifiait les dimensions considrer en ce qui concerne les apprenantes et les apprenants, leur accompagnement, le choix de la comptence et l'laboration du systme d'apprentissage.
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Objectives. To empirically determine a categorization of people who inject drug (PWIDs) recently infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), in order to identify profiles most likely associated with early HCV treatment uptake. Methods.The study population was composed of HIV-negative PWIDs with a documented recent HCV infection. Eligibility criteria included being 18 years old or over, and having injected drugs in the previous 6 months preceding the estimated date of HCV exposure. Participant classification was carried out using a TwoStep cluster analysis. Results. FromSeptember 2007 to December 2011, 76 participants were included in the study. 60 participants were eligible for HCV treatment. Twenty-one participants initiated HCV treatment.The cluster analysis yielded 4 classes: class 1: Lukewarm health seekers dismissing HCV treatment offer; class 2: multisubstance users willing to shake off the hell; class 3: PWIDs unlinked to health service use; class 4: health seeker PWIDs willing to reverse the fate. Conclusion. Profiles generated by our analysis suggest that prior health care utilization, a key element for treatment uptake, differs between older and younger PWIDs. Such profiles could inform the development of targeted strategies to improve health outcomes and reduce HCV infection among PWIDs.
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Poker is the gambling game that is currently gaining the most in popularity. However, there is little information on poker players' characteristics and risk factors. Furthermore, the first studies described poker players, often recruited in universities, as an homogeneous group who played in only one of the modes (land based or on the Internet). This study aims to identify, through latent class analyses, poker player subgroups. A convenience sample of 258 adult poker players was recruited across Quebec during special events or through advertising in various media. Participants filled out a series of questionnaires (Canadian Problem Gambling Index, Beck Depression, Beck Anxiety, erroneous belief and alcohol/drug consumption). The latent class analysis suggests that there are three classes of poker players. Class I (recreational poker players) includes those who have the lowest probability of engaging intensively in different game modes. Participants in class II (Internet poker players) all play poker on the Internet. This class includes the highest proportion of players who consider themselves experts or professionals. They make a living in part or in whole from poker. Class III (multiform players) includes participants with the broadest variety of poker patterns. This group is complex: these players are positioned halfway between professional and recreational players. Results indicate that poker players are not an homogeneous group identified simply on the basis of the form of poker played. The specific characteristics associated with each subgroup points to vulnerabilities that could potentially be targeted for preventive interventions.
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BACKGROUND: Notification of hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive status is known to have short-term impacts on subsequent alcohol, drug use and injection behaviors among persons who inject drugs (PWID). It remains to be established whether post-screening behavioral changes extend over time for PWID and whether screening test notification has behavioral impacts among HCV-negative PWID. This study sought to longitudinally assess substance use and injection behaviors after HCV status notification among HCV seroconverters and HCV-negative PWID. METHODS: Initially HCV-seronegative PWID (n = 208) were followed prospectively between 2004 and 2011 in Montreal, Canada. Semi-annual screening visits included blood sampling and an interview-administered questionnaire assessing substance use and injection behaviors. Multivariable generalized estimating equation analyses were conducted to assess substance use and behavior changes over time and compare changes between HCV seroconverters and HCV-seronegative participants while adjusting for baseline characteristics. RESULTS: Of the 208 participants (83% male; mean age, 34.7 years, mean follow-up time, 39 months), 69 (33.2%) seroconverted to HCV. A linear decrease in syringe sharing behavior was observed over time after HCV and status notification, whereas a 10% decrease for each additional 3 months of follow-up was observed for injection cocaine and heroin use among HCV seroconverters but not among HCV-seronegative PWID (P < .05). No significant changes were observed in alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that notification of HCV-positive status is associated with reduced injection drug use among seroconverters. Among PWID deemed seronegative after screening, there is no sustained trend for change in risk behavior.
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Background: Monitoring of emerging modes of drug consumption in France has identified new patterns of injection among youths with diverse social backgrounds, which may explain the persistence of high rates of hepatitis C virus infection. The circumstances surrounding the first injection have been poorly documented in the group of heavy drug users and in the context of the French opioid substitution treatment (OST) policy that provides expanded access to high-dosage buprenorphine (BHD). Methods: An Internet survey (Priminject) was conducted from October 2010 to March 2011 with French drug users. Four time periods were compared based on critical dates throughout the implementation of the Harm Reduction Policy in France. Results: Compared with drug users who injected for the first time prior to 1995, the aspects of drug use for users who recently injected for the first time were as follows: (1) experimentation with miscellaneous drugs before the first injection; (2) an older age at the time of first injection; (3) heroin as the drug of choice for an individuals first injection, notwithstanding the increased usage of stimulant drugs; (4) BHD did not appear to be a pathway to injection; and (5) an increased number of users who injected their first time alone, without the help or presence of another individual. Conclusion: The PrimInject study showed that there is a group of injection drug users that is larger than the group of injection drug users observed in previous studies; therefore, it is necessary to diversify programs to reach the entire spectrum of high-risk users.
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BACKGROUND: To plan and implement services to persons who inject drugs (PWID), knowing their number is essential. For the island of Montral, Canada, the only estimate, of 11,700 PWID, was obtained in 1996 through a capture-recapture method. Thirteen years later, this study was undertaken to produce a new estimate. METHODS: PWID were defined as individuals aged 14-65 years, having injected recently and living on the island of Montral. The study period was 07/01/2009 to 06/30/2010. An estimate was produced using a six-source capture-recapture log-linear regression method. The data sources were two epidemiological studies and four drug dependence treatment centres. Model selection was conducted in two steps, the first focusing on interactions between sources and the second, on age group and gender as covariates and as modulators of interactions. RESULTS: A total of 1480 PWID were identified in the six capture sources. They corresponded to 1132 different individuals. Based on the best-fitting model, which included age group and sex as covariates and six two-source interactions (some modulated by age), the estimated population was 3910 PWID (95% confidence intervals (CI): 3180-4900) which represents a prevalence of 2.8 (95% CI: 2.3-3.5) PWID per 1000 persons aged 14-65 years. CONCLUSIONS: The 2009-2010 estimate represents a two-third reduction compared to the one for 1996. The multisource capture-recapture method is useful to produce estimates of the size of the PWID population. It is of particular interest when conducted at regular intervals thus allowing for close monitoring of the injection phenomenon.
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De nouvelles recommandations dans la production de canneberges suggrent lutilisation de lirrigation souterraine, une mthode susceptible daugmenter laccumulation de sels dans le sol. Par ailleurs, le prlvement deaux souterraines saumtres dans des nappes rsiduelles de la mer Champlain sous les dpts dargile dans la valle du St-Laurent ou rsultant du rehaussement des niveaux marins dans les zones ctires d aux changements climatiques pourrait affecter la productivit des canneberges cultives dans lEst du Canada. Puisque trs peu de donnes concernant la tolrance de la canneberge la salinit sont disponibles, cette tude a t mene afin de dterminer si ces nouvelles recommandations pourraient ventuellement affecter le rendement de la plante. Dans une serre, des plants de canneberge ont t soumis huit traitements obtenus partir de deux mthodes dirrigation (aspersion et irrigation souterraine) et quatre niveaux de salinit crs par des quantits croissantes de K2SO4 (125, 2 500, 5 000 et 7 500 kg K2O ha-1). Lirrigation souterraine a entran des conditions daphiques plus sches. Cependant, aucune diffrence significative de la conductivit lectrique de la solution du sol (CEss) na t observe entre les deux types dirrigation. Pourtant, les taux de photosynthse et la nouaison taient significativement plus faibles chez les plantes sous traitement dirrigation souterraine. Les paramtres de croissance ont diminu de faon linaire avec laugmentation de la salinit alors que les paramtres de rendement ont connu une diminution quadratique avec llvation de la CEss. Une CEss moyenne de 3,2 dS m-1 pendant la floraison a provoqu une chute de 22% du taux relatif de photosynthse et une diminution de 56% du rendement par rapport au tmoin. Le suivi de la conductivit lectrique du sol lors de limplantation dune rgie dirrigation souterraine de dficit en production de canneberges serait donc recommandable afin dviter le stress salin.
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E communis opinio que a comunicacao profissional enquadrada num contexto de globalizacao e de internacionalizacao dos saberes especializados inerentes a qualquer atividade profissional do atual quadro societal pressupoe o dominio multilingue de competencias comunicativas especializadas. Qualquer plano de estudos marcado por um air du temps em areas ligadas a comunicacao empresarial oferece pelo menos duas linguas estrangeiras tidas como hegemonicas no panorama internacional. Sendo esta uma premissa comummente aceite nao deixa, todavia, de ser curioso que o valor cognitivo, cultural e economico de uma lingua como o portugues, uma das dez linguas mais faladas no mundo, tenha deixado de granjear o reconhecimento daqueles que dela dependem inelutavelmente para se afirmarem profissionalmente. A competencia comunicativa especializada em lingua materna constitui, do nosso ponto de vista, o mais poderoso instrumento de afirmacao de identidade e de competitividade junto do mercado laboral, ao instituir-se como principal ferramenta cognitiva, analitica e performativa ao servico da comunicacao especializada. O trabalho em sala de aula e revelador de que uma percentagem significativa de alunos manifesta inseguranca aquando das opcoes terminologicas e pragmatico-discursivas inerentes a interacao oral e a producao escrita especializadas. Para tal, torna-se imperativo investir no estudo exploratorio de praticas pedagogicas em portugues lingua materna de especialidade que conduzam a melhoria desses resultados, como procuraremos demonstrar atraves da analise de um caso pratico. Se hoje, mais do que nunca, a complexidade semiotica da rede impoe uma gestao equilibrada do fluxo caleidoscopico de impressoes (Whorf, 1957) na formacao academica nao pode ficar esquecido o potencial organizador, cognitivo e heuristico da lingua materna para a construcao de um perfil comunicativo especializado, competente e competitivo.
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Pneumocystis jirovecii um micro-organismo fngico que pode causar pneumonia em doentes imunocomprometidos. O ciclo de vida de Pneumocystis inclui uma forma biolgica trfica e outra qustica na qual esto presentes, em sua composio, hidratos de carbono chamados -Glucanos. Estes componentes so liberados na corrente sangunea aps lise do micro-organismo pela resposta imunitria ou frmacos, sendo assim, considerado um marcador sorolgico que atua como auxiliar no diagnstico da PPc. Porm, este marcador no especfico para o gnero Pneumocystis, podendo ser um teste positivo em outras infeces fngicas como a candidase. Caracterizar a sequncia gentica da Glucano Sintetase permite uma nova abordagem em relao aos testes sorolgicos e a possveis novos alvos teraputicos. Um teste sorolgico para o -Glucano especfico para P. jirovecii podendo ser um marcador muito mais til e confivel do que os utilizados atualmente. Neste trabalho foi feita a caracterizao gentica do fragmento correspondente Glucano Sintetase de P. jirovecii com base na sequncia de -Glucano de P. carinii e na sequncia completa de P. jirovecii atravs de metodologias de PCRs. Com o resultado do sequenciamento do fragmento de -Glucano de P. jirovecii puderam ser observadas possveis bases candidatas a polimorfismos de base nica (SNP). Determinar os polimorfismos em uma sequncia resulta em conhecimento da diversidade gentica do micro-organismo para alm de reconhecer marcadores moleculares que podem determinar sua origem geogrfica, resistncia a frmacos e fatores de virulncia. Duas bases foram identificadas na sequncia como possveis SNPs. Estudos em projetos futuros com tcnicas como o RFLP podem caracterizar e determinar as consequncias e importncia destes polimorfismos no fragmento da Glucano Sintetase de P. jirovecii. Estabelecer esta importncia pode levar compreenso do modelo de infeco e defesa deste micro-organismo para que possamos perceber melhor sua atuao
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Donateur : Reclus, lise (1830-1905)
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Donateur : Reclus, lise (1830-1905)
