EFFECT OF HYDROPHOBIC OXIDES ON RADIATION CROSS-LINKING OF LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE

Effect of hydrophobic oxide, containing =Si-CH=CH2 groups, on the radiation crosslinking of low density polyethylene (LDPE) has been studied. It was found that mechanical stability of irradiated LDPE containing improved SiO2 is higher than that of samples containing unimproved SiO2.

MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS AND CRYSTALLINE-STRUCTURE OF ETHYLENE-DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL-METHACRYLATE COPOLYMERS

The relationship between molecular and crystalline structural characteristics of the ethylene -dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate copolymers (EDAM) was investigated and related to melt flow index MI and average gross content of DAM comonomer, in comparison with low density polyethylene (LDPE) produced by the common high-pressure radical polymerization process. Although the average molecular weight and its distribution are influenced predominantly by the polymerization conditions, DAM-content seems not to depend significantly on molecular weight according to the GPC-FT/IR measurement. Comonomer sequence distributions were determined quantitatively with the C-13-NMR spectra entirely assigned by DEPT and H-1-C-13 COSY techniques. The result suggests the alternating copolymerization tendency and surprisingly coincides with the simulation out-puts based on the assumption of continuous complete mixing reactor model, using Mayo-Lewis equation and the same Q-e values as previously reported on different types of copolymers such as EVA and St.DAM (VA;vinylacetate, St;styrene). It was confirmed by WAXD and SAXS analyses that the crystallinity X(c) and the thickness of lamellar crystal l(c) decreased with increasing DAM-content, whereas the a-lattice and b-lattice dimensions enlarged. X(c) and l(c) can definitely be correlated to the heats of fusion and crystallization measured by DSC. The average size of spherulites measured with light scattering photometry tends to be enlarged with decreasing molecular weight (increasing MI) and DAM-content.

THE THERMAL-STABILITY OF POLYETHYLENE BLENDS DURING HEAT-PROCESSING AND SHORT-TERM PHOTOOXIDATION

The melt flow behaviour of LDPE/HDPE blends with various compositions have been determined by melt flow index (MFI) measurement. The effects of stabilizers, photo-sensitizers, multiple extrusions and short-term photooxidation have been studied. The results show that there is no marked thermal stability difference between homopolymers and blends without multiple extrusions, no matter whether stabilizers or photo-sensitizers are added. Multiple extrusions or photo-sensitizers reduce their thermal stability, shown by the decrease in MFI. The decrease in MFI of photooxidized samples does not imply serious structural change and shows that the active species formed during photooxidation induce a crosslinking reaction in the melt indexer. Multiple extrusions increase the number of active species formed in LDPE or blends and lead to an obvious decrease in MFI. It is suggested that LDPE and LDPE-rich blends after short-term photooxidation can be characterized by MFI measurement. In contrast, HDPE cannot be characterized by this method due to its linear structure.

方差-范围函数法求低密度聚乙烯/乙烯-丙烯-辛烯-1共聚物的共混体系次晶结构

将方差-范围函数法应用于共混体系中,求得了LDPE/EPO共混体系的(110)和(200)晶面的微晶大小和点阵畸变参数.微晶大小和点阵畸变参数值随EPO组份含量的增加基本呈下降趋势.

氯化聚乙烯/低密度聚乙烯共混物的辐射效应研究

研究了氯化聚乙烯(CPE)/低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)共混体系的辐射交联规律,证实该共混体系对文献[8]所给的溶胶分数与辐射剂量关系的适应性。发现了CPE对共混体系辐射交联的敏化作用。

高密度聚乙烯与其他聚烯烃共混物高取向薄膜结晶结构的电子显微学研究

本文用透射电子显微镜方法研究了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)与其它聚烯烃[包括线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、等规聚丙烯(iPP)、聚丁烯-1(PB-1)等]共混物高取向薄膜的结晶结构,其中聚烯烃组分含量为10%。在共混物熔体拉伸薄膜中,HDPE以高取向的片晶形式存在,片晶的生长方向垂直于拉伸方向。共混物中LLDPE、LDPE与HDPE形成共晶。与HDPE不相容的iPP、PB-1在共混体系中未观察到明显的相区存在。聚烯烃组分的加入,不仅影响HDPE的片晶尺寸,同时影响结构的对称性,即由纯HDPE的非对称“近单晶”结构变为对称的纤维结构。

乙烯类聚合物-炭黑复合物的PTC效应

本文以低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)和乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)为基材,炭黑(CB)为导电微粒,探讨了聚合物-炭黑复合物的结构对正温度系数效应(PTC)增强与减弱的影响和炭黑含量与PTC效应的关系以及交联结构对PTC现象的稳定作用.

不同种类聚乙烯取向态结晶结构研究

本工作是用电子显微镜研究三种PE(HDPE、LLDPE和LDPE)高取向超薄膜的结晶结构。不同种类PE高取向超薄膜以特殊的熔体拉伸方法制备。该方法的特点是以较低的拉伸速率(4cm/Sec)在很窄的熔体流动区域内(0.5—1.0μm),获得非常高的纵向流动梯度(4×10~4/Sec)和过冷速率。所得超薄膜厚度为50-100nm,可直接用TEM观察。所用电镜为H-600型,操作电压为100KV。明场像采用欠焦成像技术。并利用电子显微镜的多功能,诸如衍射、明场、暗场、样品旋转及倾斜等严格确定了三种PE熔体拉伸膜取向态的晶体结构。

顺丁橡胶/低密度聚乙烯的共混

比较了未交联和动态交联不同组成PB/LDPE共混物的力学性能。共混物的T_g、T_m和T_d不随组成而变化,表明PB和LDPE不具有相容性。但共混物中PE的γ转变向高温方向位移,说明PE非晶部分的分子短链和PB有界面相互作用。形态研究表明,未交联体系中量多的组份形成连续相,动态交联体系在PB/LDPE≤70/30时,PE呈连续相,交联的PB为分散相。

光稳定剂与光敏化剂配合体系对聚乙烯共混物光氧化的影响

聚乙烯是目前国内外合成树脂生产中产量最大的品种,应用范围十分广泛。通常将聚乙烯分为三大类,即低密度聚乙烯(LDPE),线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)和高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)。它们的性能虽各有特点,但在某些方面单独使用,仍嫌综合使用性能不够理想。对此,人们曾试

制备光分解塑料地膜的若干因素研究

本文研究了不同牌号LDPE的光、热稳定行为,提供了复合组份体系的加工条件,观测了光分解地膜的初始性能和应用过程中的结构性能变化,并对影响光分解的因素进行了考察。

聚乙烯与马来酸酐反应的研究

聚乙烯(PE),170℃,在过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)存在下,以切割沸程为190—250℃煤油为溶剂用马来酸酐(MA)进行官能化反应。低分子量LDPE比高分子量LDPE更容易接枝。由于甲基的空间障碍,聚丙烯的接枝率大大小于聚乙烯。当加入空气时,由于PE的过氧化作用,促进了初期接枝速率的增加,但其后引入氮气又促使接枝率随时间增加而下降,这是由于POOMA分解而导致脱酐所致。更高的反应温度下,接枝率的再度增加则归因于MA对PE的热引发接枝。

天然橡胶/聚乙烯共混体相容性的研究

本工作首先对橡胶/聚乙烯共混体系的相容性进行了计算,推测聚乙烯的非晶部分和橡胶间有一定的互容性,提出了橡胶和聚乙烯相互作用模型。然后用动态力学方法、有效网链密度测定、密度测定和广角X-射线衍射方法对天然橡胶分别未交联和交联的天然橡胶(NR)/低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)共混体系的相容性进行了验证。实验结果表明,LDPE非晶部分和NR之间存在一定的相互渗透。

聚乙烯在天然橡胶/聚乙烯共混体系中的结晶行为

本工作主要利用DSC、x-射线衍射、小角激光光散射以及偏光显微镜等方法,对天然橡胶/低密度聚乙烯共混体系(NR/LDPE)中LDPE的晶体结构、结晶度、球晶尺寸和形态、微晶尺寸、成核过程以及结晶动力学等方面进行了研究,得到了一些有意义的结果。

Chemometric techniques in multivariate statistical modelling of process plant

The techniques of principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) are introduced from the point of view of providing a multivariate statistical method for modelling process plants. The advantages and limitations of PCA and PLS are discussed from the perspective of the type of data and problems that might be encountered in this application area. These concepts are exemplified by two case studies dealing first with data from a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) simulation and second a literature source describing a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) reactor simulation.