Humoral response against heat shock proteins and other mycobacterial antigens after intravesical treatment with bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in patients with superficial bladder cancer

Few studies have analysed the antibody response during intravesical BCG immunotherapy for superficial bladder cancer. We have examined the evolution in serum antibody response against several heat shock proteins (hsp), including the recombinant mycobacterial hsp65 and the native protein P64 from BCG, GroEL from Escherichia coli (hsp60 family), recombinant mycobacterial hsp70 and the E. coli DnaK (hsp70 family), against purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) and the AG85 complex of Mycobacterium bovis BCG, as well as against tetanus toxoid in 42 patients with a superficial bladder tumour, 28 treated with six intravesical BCG instillations and 14 patients used as controls. We also analysed the lymphoproliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells against PPD in this population. Data of antibody responses at 6 weeks post BCG were available in all 28 patients, and at 4 month follow up in 17 patients. All patients who demonstrated a significant increase in IgC antibodies against PPD at 4 months follow up had a significant increase already at 6 weeks of follow up. In contrast, IgG antibodies against hsp increased significantly from 6 weeks to 4 months post- treatment. A significant increase in IgG antibodies against PPD, hsp65, P64, GroEL, and hsp70 at 4 months follow up was observed in 10/17, 8/17, 10/17, 4/17 and 8/17 patients. Native P64 protein elicited a higher antibody response than recombinant mycobacterial hsp65. No increase in antibody response was observed against Dnak from E. coli, against AG85 or tetanus toxoid after BCG therapy. An increase in IgG antibodies against P64 at 4 months follow up compared with pretreatment values was found to be a significant predictor of tumour recurrence (P < 0.01). Further studies with a larger number of patients are needed to confirm the value of the antibody response against P64 as a clinical independent prognostic factor.

El esfuerzo cortante del suelo y su utilidad para determinar la compactación superficial del mismo

La producción agrícola requiere el tráfico de maquinaria cada vez más pesada y potente sobre el suelo agrícola. Esto produce compactación del suelo tanto a nivel superficial como subsuperficial. La compactación en los primeros centímetros del suelo tiene efecto sobre la germinación y emergencia de la semilla y, finalmente sobre el rendimiento del cultivo con encarecimiento del costo de la labranza. El esfuerzo cortante es el método para diagnóstico de compactación menos estudiado en el país. Para aportar datos sobre este parámetro se realizó un ensayo de esfuerzo cortante sobre un suelo agrícola en tres condiciones mecánicas diferentes, utilizando una placa de corte, que simuló al neumático del tractor. Se tiró de la misma hasta que se produjo el corte superficial del suelo. El objetivo general del presente trabajo fue: Analizar los valores de esfuerzo cortante en un suelo argiudol típico para distintas condiciones de transitabilidad, siendo los objetivos específicos: a) Evaluar la utilidad del esfuerzo cortante para diagnosticar compactación superficial y capacidad portante del suelo b) Analizar y establecer relaciones entre los resultados de dos de los métodos utilizados para el diagnóstico de compactación de suelo (penetrometría y esfuerzo cortante). Las hipótesis de trabajo fueron: a) Las diferentes condiciones de transitabilidad de un suelo, se corresponden con distintos valores de esfuerzo cortante del mismo y b) Es posible diagnosticar el estado de compactación superficial de un suelo a partir de los datos de esfuerzo cortante. Las principales conclusiones del trabajo fueron: a) El suelo trabajado bajo la técnica de siembra directa, tiene una alta capacidad para soportar el tránsito de una rueda esto hace que se rompa o corte a mayores esfuerzos tangenciales que un suelo suelto b) El parámetro de esfuerzo cortante del suelo es útil para diagnosticar el estado de compactación superficial del mismo y por lo tanto puede ser utilizado para determinar la transitabilidad de la maquinaria agrícola c) Los valores de resistencia a la penetración entre 0 y 250 mm guardan una relación directa con los valores de esfuerzo cortante independientemente del estado mecánico del suelo d) Un suelo bajo siembra directa podrá resistir mayores cargas, en superficie, antes de deformarse que un suelo en cama de siembra, y este a su vez en mayor medida que un suelo arado.

The importance of operating costs about making decisions in farm machine labor contractors services : the case of Cordoba province

p.47-59

25 años de labor agrometeorológica en la estación experimental agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Tucumán Argentina

p.81-136

Selection Power and Selection Labor for Information Retrieval

This study examines the relation between selection power and selection labor for information retrieval (IR). It is the first part of the development of a labor theoretic approach to IR. Existing models for evaluation of IR systems are reviewed and the distinction of operational from experimental systems partly dissolved. The often covert, but powerful, influence from technology on practice and theory is rendered explicit. Selection power is understood as the human ability to make informed choices between objects or representations of objects and is adopted as the primary value for IR. Selection power is conceived as a property of human consciousness, which can be assisted or frustrated by system design. The concept of selection power is further elucidated, and its value supported, by an example of the discrimination enabled by index descriptions, the discovery of analogous concepts in partly independent scholarly and wider public discourses, and its embodiment in the design and use of systems. Selection power is regarded as produced by selection labor, with the nature of that labor changing with different historical conditions and concurrent information technologies. Selection labor can itself be decomposed into description and search labor. Selection labor and its decomposition into description and search labor will be treated in a subsequent article, in a further development of a labor theoretic approach to information retrieval.

Description and search labor for information retrieval

Selection power is taken as the fundamental value for information retrieval systems. Selection power is regarded as produced by selection labor, which itself separates historically into description and search labor. As forms of mental labor, description and search labor participate in the conditions for labor and for mental labor. Concepts and distinctions applicable to physical and mental labor are indicated, introducing the necessity of labor for survival, the idea of technology as a human construction, and the possibility of the transfer of human labor to technology. Distinctions specific to mental labor, particular between semantic and syntactic labor, are introduced. Description labor is exemplified by cataloging, classification, and database description, can be more formally understood as the labor involved in the transformation of objects for description into searchable descriptions, and is also understood to include interpretation. The costs of description labor are discussed. Search labor is conceived as the labor expended in searching systems. For both description and search labor, there has been a progressive reduction in direct human labor, with its syntactic aspects transferred to technology, effectively compelled by the high relative costs of direct human labor compared to machine processes.

A labor theoretic approach to information retrieval

This article synthesizes the labor theoretic approach to information retrieval. Selection power is taken as the fundamental value for information retrieval and is regarded as produced by selection labor. Selection power remains relatively constant while selection labor modulates across oral, written, and computational modes. A dynamic, stemming principally from the costs of direct human mental labor and effectively compelling the transfer of aspects of human labor to computational technology, is identified. The decision practices of major information system producers are shown to conform with the motivating forces identified in the dynamic. An enhancement of human capacities, from the increased scope of description processes, is revealed. Decision variation and decision considerations are identified. The value of the labor theoretic approach is considered in relation to pre-existing theories, real world practice, and future possibilities. Finally, the continuing intractability of information retrieval is suggested.

Labor and Place: The Contours of Freedpeoples' Mobilization in Reconstruction South Carolina

Important advances in scholarship on the post-emancipation South have made possible a new synthesis that moves beyond broad generalizations about African American agency to identify both the shared elements in black life across the region and the varying capacity of freedpeople to assert their interests in the face of white hostility. Building on a number of recent studies of Reconstruction this article seeks to demonstrate that the varying capacity of freedpeople in South Carolina to shape and defend the new society that would emerge after the end of slavery was rooted in their relative strength at work and in their communities. In Charleston and its lowcountry rural hinterland, demographic strength combined with deeply-rooted traditions of collective assertion to sustain a remarkably vibrant grassroots movement that persisted beyond the overthrow of Reconstruction. From very early on, by contrast, former slaves dispersed across the rural interior found their freedom severely circumscribed by a bellicose and heavily-armed white paramilitary campaign.