966 resultados para Kelsey, Francis W. (Francis Willey), b. 1858


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Mode of access: Internet.

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Community-based models for injury prevention have become an accepted part of the overall injury control strategy. This systematic review of the scientific literature examines the evidence for their effectiveness in reducing pedestrian injury in children 0-14 years of age. A comprehensive search of the literature was performed using the following study selection criteria: community-based intervention study; target population was children under 14 years; outcome measure is either pedestrian injury rates or observed child pedestrian or vehicle driver behaviour; and use of a community control or an historical control in the study design. Quality assessment and data abstraction was guided by a standardized procedure and performed independently by two authors. Data synthesis was in tabular and text form with meta-analysis not being possible due to the discrepancy in methods and measures between the studies.

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We report the first measurement of the parity-violating single-spin asymmetries for midrapidity decay positrons and electrons from W(+) and W(-) boson production in longitudinally polarized proton-proton collisions at root s = 500 GeV by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The measured asymmetries, A(L)(W+) = -0.27 +/- 0.10(stat.) +/- 0.02(syst.) +/- 0.03(norm.) and A(L)(W-) = 0.14 +/- 0.19(stat.) +/- 0.02(syst.) +/- 0.01(norm.), are consistent with theory predictions, which are large and of opposite sign. These predictions are based on polarized quark and antiquark distribution functions constrained by polarized deep-inelastic scattering measurements.

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Gene expression data from microarrays are being applied to predict preclinical and clinical endpoints, but the reliability of these predictions has not been established. In the MAQC-II project, 36 independent teams analyzed six microarray data sets to generate predictive models for classifying a sample with respect to one of 13 endpoints indicative of lung or liver toxicity in rodents, or of breast cancer, multiple myeloma or neuroblastoma in humans. In total, >30,000 models were built using many combinations of analytical methods. The teams generated predictive models without knowing the biological meaning of some of the endpoints and, to mimic clinical reality, tested the models on data that had not been used for training. We found that model performance depended largely on the endpoint and team proficiency and that different approaches generated models of similar performance. The conclusions and recommendations from MAQC-II should be useful for regulatory agencies, study committees and independent investigators that evaluate methods for global gene expression analysis.

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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)is a nuclear receptor for various fatty acids, eicosanoids, and hypolipidemic drugs. In the presence of ligand, this transcription factor increases expression of target genes that are primarily associated with lipid homeostasis. We have previously reported PPARalpha as a nuclear receptor of the inflammatory mediator leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) and demonstrated an anti-inflammatory function for PPARalpha in vivo (Devchand, P. R., Keller, H., Peters, J. M., Vazquez, M., Gonzalez, F. J., and Wahli, W. (1996) Nature 384, 39-43). LTB(4) also has a cell surface receptor (BLTR) that mediates proinflammatory events, such as chemotaxis and chemokinesis (Yokomizo, T., Izumi, T., Chang, K., Takuwa, Y., and Shimizu, T. (1997) Nature 387, 620-624). In this study, we report on chemical probes that differentially modulate activity of these two LTB(4) receptors. The compounds selected were originally characterized as synthetic BLTR effectors, both agonists and antagonists. Here, we evaluate the compounds as effectors of the three PPAR isotypes (alpha, beta, and gamma) by transient transfection assays and also determine whether the compounds are ligands for these nuclear receptors by coactivator-dependent receptor ligand interaction assay, a semifunctional in vitro assay. Because the compounds are PPARalpha selective, we further analyze their potency in a biological assay for the PPARalpha-mediated activity of lipid accumulation. These chemical probes will prove invaluable in dissecting processes that involve nuclear and cell surface LTB(4) receptors and also aid in drug discovery programs.

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1 kartta kahdessa osassa :, vär. ;, 53,3 x 44,1 cm, lehti 59 x 48 cm

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Polska zrobiÅ‚a w obszarze reform w latach 2009-2011 pierwsze kroki w kierunku, na który patrzymy bardzo życzliwie. Jednak pierwsze kroki wymagajÄ… kroków kolejnych – bardziej stanowczych i bardziej skoordynowanych, opartych na fundamencie zmian już wprowadzanych w życie – którym ™dzie towarzyszyć przekonujÄ…ca wizja przyszÅ‚oÅ›ci, a także adekwatne do skali przewidywanych zmian publiczne nakÅ‚ady finansowe. Wizja jest niez™dna. Wspólnota akademicka, a przede wszystkim jej najmÅ‚odsze pokolenie, musi wiedzieć, na jakich podstawach ma budować swojÄ… akademickÄ… przyszÅ‚ość i czy jest w stanie siÄ™ w niej odnaleźć. Warto jasno powiedzieć, że z czasem pojawi siÄ™ bardziej zróżnicowany system instytucji szkolnictwa wyższego, o różnych możliwoÅ›ciach i różnych zadaniach w różnych miejscach, realizujÄ…cych różne misje i oferujÄ…cych różne możliwoÅ›ci awansowe i finansowe. Warto powiedzieć, że niez™dne – ale i możliwe – ™dÄ… pionowe migracje w ramach różnicujÄ…cego siÄ™ systemu w zależnoÅ›ci od indywidualnych zdolnoÅ›ci, umiejÄ™tnoÅ›ci, pracowitoÅ›ci, a przede wszystkim mierzalnych osiÄ…gnięć naukowych. Należy także przypomnieć, że profesja akademicka nie daje równych szans wszystkim, ponieważ talenty naukowe w ramach wspólnoty akademickiej nie rozkÅ‚adajÄ… siÄ™ równo, ale z pewnoÅ›ciÄ… daje duże szanse najzdolniejszym; że w najlepszych oÅ›rodkach naukowy wymiar kariery akademickiej, tak jak w Å›wiecie zachodnim, jest najważniejszy, a wszystkie pozostaÅ‚e sÄ… tylko jego tÅ‚em; że z czasem wzorce pracy akademickiej i wzorce akademickich zarobków – w wybranych miejscach i dla wybranych grup badaczy – ™dÄ… przypominać wzorce znane z najlepszych systemów zachodnich; i wreszcie, że w tych wybranych miejscach (zwanych uniwersytetami badawczymi czy flagowymi) uprawianie nauki nie ™dzie jednostkowym, częściowo niezrozumiaÅ‚ym i częściowo jedynie tolerowanym, hobby.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)