The role of secretion systems and small molecules in soft-rot enterobacteriaceae pathogenicity

Soft-rot Enterobacteriaceae (SRE), which belong to the genera Pectobacterium and Dickeya, consist mainly of broad host-range pathogens that cause wilt, rot, and blackleg diseases on a wide range of plants. They are found in plants, insects, soil, and water in agricultural regions worldwide. SRE encode all six known protein secretion systems present in gram-negative bacteria, and these systems are involved in attacking host plants and competing bacteria. They also produce and detect multiple types of small molecules to coordinate pathogenesis, modify the plant environment, attack competing microbes, and perhaps to attract insect vectors. This review integrates new information about the role protein secretion and detection and production of ions and small molecules play in soft-rot pathogenicity.

Complete sequencing of the Fugu WAGR region from WT1 to PAX6: Dramatic compaction and conservation of synteny with human chromosome 11p13

The pufferfish Fugu rubripes has a genome ≈7.5 times smaller than that of mammals but with a similar number of genes. Although conserved synteny has been demonstrated between pufferfish and mammals across some regions of the genome, there is some controversy as to what extent Fugu will be a useful model for the human genome, e.g., [Gilley, J., Armes, N. & Fried, M. (1997) Nature (London) 385, 305–306]. We report extensive conservation of synteny between a 1.5-Mb region of human chromosome 11 and <100 kb of the Fugu genome in three overlapping cosmids. Our findings support the idea that the majority of DNA in the region of human chromosome 11p13 is intergenic. Comparative analysis of three unrelated genes with quite different roles, WT1, RCN1, and PAX6, has revealed differences in their structural evolution. Whereas the human WT1 gene can generate 16 protein isoforms via a combination of alternative splicing, RNA editing, and alternative start site usage, our data predict that Fugu WT1 is capable of generating only two isoforms. This raises the question of the extent to which the evolution of WT1 isoforms is related to the evolution of the mammalian genitourinary system. In addition, this region of the Fugu genome shows a much greater overall compaction than usual but with significant noncoding homology observed at the PAX6 locus, implying that comparative genomics has identified regulatory elements associated with this gene.

Summer

Jan van Goyen; 1 ft. 5 11/64 in. x 1 ft. 5 7/16 in.; oil on panel

Landscape with Two Oaks

Jan van Goyen; 2 ft. 10 27/32 in. x 3 ft. 7 1/2 in.; oil on canvas

The Valkhof in Nijmegen

Jan van Goyen; 3 ft. 1/32 in.x 4 ft. 3 3/16 in.; oil on canvas

Still Life with Flowers

Jan van Huysum; 2 ft. 7 57/64 in.x 2 ft. 1/64 in.; oil on panel

The Crucifixion and The Last Judgment

Jan van Eyck and workshop assistant; 1 ft. 10 1/4 in.x 7 3/4 in.; oil on canvas, transferred from wood

L'art et les artistes hollandais /

Title within ornamental border.

Ideae mathematicae, pars prima siue Methodus polygonorum qua laterum, perimetrorum et arearum cuiuscunque polygoni investigandorum ratio exactissima [et] certissima, una cum circuli quadratura continetur /

Mode of access: Internet.

Danielis Heinsii Peplus graecorum epigrammatum : in quo omnes celebriores Graecia philosophi encomia eorum, vita et opiniones recensentur aut exponuntur.

Mode of access: Internet.

Illustrium Poetarum Flores /

CCBE S. XVI

Obras de Caio Crispo Sallustio /

Mode of access: Internet.

Historia de las guerras ciuiles que ha auido en los estados de Flandes des del año 1559 hasta el de 1609 y las causas de la rebelion de dichos estados /

Mode of access: Internet.

Historia de la vida y virtudes del venerable P. F. Iuan de la Cruz ... religioso... de los descalzos de N. Señora del Carmen ... /

Grab. calcográf.: "A Bellot, fecit4 representando a san Iuan de la Cruz, en el v. de A1.

Les oeuvres spirituelles du reverend pere Iean Iacques Courvoisier ... : tome premier.

"Le throsne royal de Iesus Nazareen, roy des affligez ..." ; "Extases de la princesse du Midy, la belle Malceda, au palais du sage roy Salomon ..." ; "Le prince immortel : tiré sur la vie & la sin glorieuse de son altesse royale Don Ferdinand d'Austria ..."