Samson Occom and the Christian Indians of New England [electronic resource] / by W. DeLoss Love.

http://www.archive.org/details/samsonoccom00loverich/

Toward an integrated seasonal forecasting system for South America

This study proposes an objective integrated seasonal forecasting system for producing well-calibrated probabilistic rainfall forecasts for South America. The proposed system has two components: ( i) an empirical model that uses Pacific and Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies as predictors for rainfall and ( ii) a multimodel system composed of three European coupled ocean - atmosphere models. Three-month lead austral summer rainfall predictions produced by the components of the system are integrated ( i. e., combined and calibrated) using a Bayesian forecast assimilation procedure. The skill of empirical, coupled multimodel, and integrated forecasts obtained with forecast assimilation is assessed and compared. The simple coupled multimodel ensemble has a comparable level of skill to that obtained using a simplified empirical approach. As for most regions of the globe, seasonal forecast skill for South America is low. However, when empirical and coupled multimodel predictions are combined and calibrated using forecast assimilation, more skillful integrated forecasts are obtained than with either empirical or coupled multimodel predictions alone. Both the reliability and resolution of the forecasts have been improved by forecast assimilation in several regions of South America. The Tropics and the area of southern Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, and northern Argentina have been found to be the two most predictable regions of South America during the austral summer. Skillful rainfall forecasts are generally only possible during El Nino or La Nina years rather than in neutral years.

Evidence of a genetic bottleneck in an El Nino affected population of South American fur seals, Arctocephalus australis

The South American fur seal, Arctocephalus australis, was one of the earliest otariid seals to be exploited by humans: at least 6000 years ago on the Atlantic coast and 4000 on the Pacific coast of South America. More than 750,000 fur seals were killed in Uruguay until 1991. However, a climatological phenomenon-the severe 1997-1998 El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-was responsible for the decline of 72% Of the Peruvian fur seal population due to starvation as a consequence of warming of sea-surface temperatures and primary productivity reduction. Currently, there is no precise information on global population size or on the species` conservation status. The present study includes the first bottleneck test for the Pacific and Atlantic populations of A. australis based on the analysis of seven microsatellite loci. Genetic bottleneck compromises the evolutionary potential of a population to respond to environmental changes. The perspective becomes even more alarming due to current global warming models that predict stronger and more frequent ENSO events in the future. Our analysis found moderate support for deviation from neutrality-equilibrium for the Pacific population of fur seals and none for the Atlantic population. This difference among population reflects different demographic histories, and is consistent with a greater reduction in population size in the Pacific. Such an event could be a result of the synergic effects of recurrent ENSO events and the anthropogenic impact (sealing and prey overfishing) on this population.

Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean 2009-2010: The distributive impact of public policies

Includes bibliography

Connecting South America: River mobility and river navigation systems

This FAL Bulletin highlights the importance of rivers in the transport system of South America. Raising the issue of river mobility and policymaking is important not only for the development of river transport but also in view of its social and economic impact, especially in regions where geography complicates the provision of land infrastructure.

Textile fabrics of ancient Peru

by William H. Holmes.

A seriation of the late prehistoric Santa Maria culture of northwestern Argentina / Ronald L. Weber, Field Museum of Natural History.

v.68:no.2(1968)

Early Intermediate and Middle Horizon ceramic styles of the Cuzco Valley / Brian S. Bauer, Bradford M. Jones.

n.s. no.34(2003)

Killke and Killke-related pottery from Cuzco, Peru, in the Field Museum of Natural History / Brian S. Bauer, Charles Stanish.

n.s. no.15(1990)

An osteological study of Nasca trophy heads collected by A.L. Kroeber during the Marshall Field Expeditions to Peru / Sloan R. Williams, Kathleen Forgey, Elizabeth Klarich.

n.s. no.33(2001)

An analysis of Santa María urn painting and its cultural implications / Ronald L. Weber.

n.s. no.2(1981)

Material culture of the Blackfoot (Blood) Indians of southern Alberta / James W. VanStone.

n.s. no.19(1992)

South America, 1902 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Rand, McNally & Co.'s new 14 x 21 map of South America. It was published by Rand, McNally & Co. in 1902. Scale [1:19,008,000]. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to a non-standard 'World Sinusoidal' projection with the central meridian at 60 degrees west. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes inset of the Galapagos Islands. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection and the Harvard University Library as part of the Open Collections Program at Harvard University project: Organizing Our World: Sponsored Exploration and Scientific Discovery in the Modern Age. Maps selected for the project correspond to various expeditions and represent a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

South America, 1779 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Carte du Pérou et Brésil sepl. de Tierre - Firme, de Guayana, et de la rivière des Amazones : ce qui fait la partie boréale de L'Amérique Meridiole., par le sr. d'Anville. It was published by P. Santini, Chez M. Remondini in 1779. Scale [ca. 1:6,500,000]. Covers the northern part of South America. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to a non-standard 'World Sinusoidal' projection with the central meridian at 58.000000 degrees west. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief is shown pictorially. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection and the Harvard University Library as part of the Open Collections Program at Harvard University project: Organizing Our World: Sponsored Exploration and Scientific Discovery in the Modern Age. Maps selected for the project correspond to various expeditions and represent a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.