834 resultados para IT Security, Internet, Personal Firewall, Security Mechanism, Security System, Security Threat, Security Usability, Security Vulnerability
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Dissertao para obteno do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informtica
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A indisciplina na sala de aula prejudica o ensino e a aprendizagem sendo uma das principais causas do mal-estar dos professores, roubando-lhes energia e tempo conduzindo, muitos deles, exausto fsica e emocional e apresenta-se como um srio problema quer para professores principiantes, quer para professores experientes. A anlise do ensino na perspetiva interpessoal possibilita uma nova viso sobre o ambiente de aprendizagem, nomeadamente no que se refere relao professor-aluno. Nesta perspetiva, o enfoque dirige-se para a anlise das percees dos alunos sobre o comportamento do professor e o impacto que o mesmo tem sobre os alunos. Alm de que, ao considerar-se a turma como um sistema deve ter-se em conta que o comportamento no pode ser visto como uma caracterstica da pessoa mas, sim, como uma caracterstica do sistema formado por aqueles que esto envolvidos na interao comunicacional. Analisar as interaes comunicacionais luz da pragmtica da comunicao e dos seus cinco axiomas apresenta-se como um poderoso quadro clarificador de muitos dos comportamentos ditos disruptivos, possibilitando aos professores um novo olhar sobre o seu papel enquanto gestores da sala de aula. A formao realista de professores apresenta-se como uma estratgia com efeitos muito positivos uma vez que possibilita e ajuda-os a compreenderem o processo de circularidade caracterstico da turma vista como um sistema. Por outro lado, permite evidenciar a impossibilidade dos professores de solucionarem os problemas disciplinares culpabilizando os alunos. Dito de outro modo, a formao realista conduz os professores a um (re) equacionar das suas prticas encorajando-os a selecionarem um comportamento interpessoal mais adequado. No 1 e 3 perodo letivo, os professores participantes (N= 15) responderam ao Questionrio de Interao do Professor (Q.I.P.) e ao Questionrio do Otimismo Acadmico (Q.O.A.) composto por trs subescalas: Autoeficcia, Confiana nos alunos e famlias e nfase acadmica. Paralelamente, foram gravadas em suporte vdeo quatro aulas de cada professor, referentes a duas turmas selecionadas previamente pelos mesmos. Aps a observao das suas aulas refletiram por escrito aquilo que observaram. No 2 perodo, participaram numa ao de formao intitulada Ecologia da sala de aula: relacionamento interpessoal professor-aluno e a criao de ambientes de aprendizagem positivos baseada no modelo realista de formao de professores. Desta formao resultou um conjunto de relatrios reflexivos que tiveram por objetivo desenvolver nos participantes a sua competncia reflexiva, questionarem crenas tidas como inquestionveis e otimizar a relao professor-aluno. A partir dos resultados obtidos pode afirmar-se que: 1) verificou-se um aumento no otimismo acadmico e no sentimento de autoeficcia; 2) observou-se um impacto nas concees prvias, bem como no contexto organizacional.
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Dissertao de mestrado em Direito Administrativo
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Dissertao de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Eletrnica Industrial e Computadores
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The purpose of this article is to introduce a Cartesian product structure into the social choice theoretical framework and to examine if new possibility results to Gibbard's and Sen's paradoxes can be developed thanks to it. We believe that a Cartesian product structure is a pertinent way to describe individual rights in the social choice theory since it discriminates the personal features comprised in each social state. First we define some conceptual and formal tools related to the Cartesian product structure. We then apply these notions to Gibbard's paradox and to Sen's impossibility of a Paretian liberal. Finally we compare the advantages of our approach to other solutions proposed in the literature for both impossibility theorems.
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To determine the mechanisms that prevent an increase in gluconeogenesis from increasing hepatic glucose output, six healthy women were infused with [1-13C]fructose (22 mumol.kg-1.min-1), somatostatin, insulin, and glucagon. In control experiment, non-13C-enriched fructose was infused at the same rate without somatostatin, and [U-13C]glucose was infused to measure specifically plasma glucose oxidation. Endogenous glucose production (EGP, [6,6-2H]glucose), net carbohydrate oxidation (CHOox, indirect calorimetry), and fructose oxidation (13CO2) were measured. EGP rate did not increase after fructose infusion with (13.1 +/- 1.2 vs. 12.9 +/- 0.3 mumol.kg-1.min-1) and without (10.3 +/- 0.5 vs. 9.7 +/- 0.5 mumol.kg-1.min-1) somatostatin, despite the fact that gluconeogenesis increased. Nonoxidative fructose disposal, corresponding mainly to glycogen synthesis, was threefold net glycogen deposition, the latter calculated as fructose infusion minus CHOox (14.8 +/- 1.1 and 4.3 +/- 2.0 mumol.kg-1.min-1). It is concluded that 1) the mechanism by which EGP remains constant when gluconeogenesis from fructose increases is independent of changes in insulin and 2) simultaneous breakdown and synthesis of glycogen occurred during fructose infusion.
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This research paper seeks to bring into view the present-day situation of Native-American narrative in English. It is divided into four chapters. The first deals with the emergence of what we might call a Native-American narrative style and its evolution from 1900 up until its particularly forceful expression in 1968 with the appearance of N. Scott Momadays novel House Made of Dawn. To trace this evolution, we follow the chronology set forth by Paula Gunn Allen in her anthology Voice of the Turtle: American Indian Literature 1900-1970. In the second chapter we hear various voices from contemporary Native-American literary production as we follow Simon J. Ortizs anthology Speaking for the Generations: Native Writers on Writing. Noteworthy among these are Leslie Marmon Silko and Gloria Bird, alongside new voices such as those of Esther G. Belin and Daniel David Moses, and closing with Guatemalan-Mayan Victor D. Montejo, exiled in the United States. These writers contributions gravitate around two fundamental notions: the interdependence between human beings and the surrounding landscape, and the struggle for survival, which of necessity involves the deconstruction of the (post-)colonial subject. The third chapter deals with an anthology of short stories and poems by present-day Native-American women writers, edited by Joy Harjo and Gloria Bird and entitled Reinventing the Enemys Language: Contemporary Native Womens Writings of North America. It too exemplifies personal and cultural reaffirmation on a landscape rich in ancestral elements, but also where ones own voice takes shape in the language which, historically, is that of the enemy. In the final chapter we see how translation studies provide a critical perspective and fruitful reflection on the literary production of Native-American translative cultures, where a wide range of writers struggle to bring about the affirmative deconstruction of the colonialised subject. Thus there comes a turnaround in the function of the enemys language, giving rise also to the question of cultural incommensurability.
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Cloud computing has recently become very popular, and several bioinformatics applications exist already in that domain. The aim of this article is to analyse a current cloud system with respect to usability, benchmark its performance and compare its user friendliness with a conventional cluster job submission system. Given the current hype on the theme, user expectations are rather high, but current results show that neither the price/performance ratio nor the usage model is very satisfactory for large-scale embarrassingly parallel applications. However, for small to medium scale applications that require CPU time at certain peak times the cloud is a suitable alternative.
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Les protenes associades a la mielina (MAIS), Nogo-A, MAG i OMgp, sn molcules que presenten una capacitat inhibitria molt important per el recreixement axonal i la neuroreparaci desprs de lesi. No obstant des de fa anys les seves funcions han estat ampliades i shan involucrat en diferents processos degeneratius del sistema nervis o en processos neuroinflamatoris del sistema nervis central i el perifric com ara l'Escleresi Mltiple (MS). La base neurobiolgica dindicadors moleculars que sn responsables del dany axonal en MS segueixen sense estar plenament descrits. Recentment sha publicat que el mecanisme de senyalitzaci Nogo-A pot regir els primers canvis de la desmielinitzaci immunomediada del sistema nervis central en el model animal de MS, lencefalomielitis autoimmune experimental (EAE). De la mateixa forma la protena prinica cellular s una protena que sha associat majoritriament a malalties espongiformes, per que recentment sha vinculat (no sense controvrsia) amb la seva possible relaci amb la Malaltia d'Alzheimer (AD), ja que seria capa de reclutar els oligmers dA (ADDLs), els quals correlacionen millor amb el grau de demncia, i amb els que interacciona directament, actuant aix com un possible mediador de la fosforilaci de tau en la malaltia. No obstant, les funcions de les MAIS i de la PrPc en aquests models de la malaltia no estan clarament definits i, per altra banda, es desconeixen els mecanismes de senyalitzaci implicats, no descartant de forma clara el component neural i limmune.
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Individuals need to adapt to their local environment in order to survive. When selection pressures differ in local populations, polymorphism can evolve. Colour polymorphism is one of the most obvious polymorphisms since it is readily observable. Different sources of colouration exist, but melanin-based colouration is one of the most common in birds. The melanocortin system produces this colouration and because the melanocortin system has pleiotropic effects on behavioural and physiological traits, it is a good candidate to be an underlying mechanism to explain the maintenance of colour polymorphism. In this thesis I studied three different raptors which all display melanin-based colouration; barn owls (Tyto alba), tawny owls (Strix aluco) and Eurasian kestrels (Falco tinnunculus). The main question was if there was a relationship between melanin-based colouration and individual behavioural differences. The underlying hypothesis is that colour could be a signal of certain adaptive traits. Our goal was to find evolutionary explanations for the persistence of colour polymorphism. I found that nestling kestrels and barn owls differ in anti-predatory behaviour, with respect to their melanic colouration (chapters 1 and 2). Darker individuals show less reaction to human handling, but in kestrels aggression and colouration are related in opposite ways than in barn owls. More reddish barn owls travel greater distances in natal dispersal and this behaviour is repeatable between parents and same sex offspring (chapter 3). Dark reddish tawny owls defend their nests more intensely against intruders and appear to suffer less from nest predation (chapter 4). Finally I show that polymorphism in the Melanocortin 1 receptor gene (MC1R), which is strongly correlated with reddish colouration in the barn owl, is related to natal dispersal distance, providing a first indication for a genetic basis of the relation between this behaviour and colouration (chapter 5). My results demonstrate a clear link between melanin-based colouration and animal personality traits. I demonstrated this relation in three different species, which shows there is most likely a general underlying mechanism responsible. Different predation pressures might have shaped the reactions to predation, but also differences in sex-related colouration. Male-like and female-like colouration might signal more or less aggressive behaviour. Fluctuating environmental conditions might cause different individual strategies to produce equal reproductive success. The melanocortin system with its pleiotropic effects might be an underlying mechanism, as suggested by the results from the genetic polymorphism, the similar results found in these three species and by the similar relations reported in other species. This thesis demonstrates that colouration and individual differences are correlated and it provides the first glimpse of an underlying system. We can now conduct a more directed search for underlying mechanisms and evolutionary explanations with the use of quantitative genetic methods.
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Lestudi t per objectiu conixer la reincidncia penitenciria de la poblaci excarcerada de les presons catalanes lany 1997, fent el seguiment durant 5 anys en tot el territori Espanyol. La poblaci total es composa de 3.898 persones, de les que la mostra estudiada ha estat de 1.555 persones. Sha treballat amb els expedients informtics dels interns que composen la mostra, identificats amb codis numrics per garantir la privacitat de les dades. A part dactualitzar la taxa de reincidncia penitenciria (la ltima datava de lany 1994 i es referia a les dades de 1987), lestudi tamb descriu e les relacions significatives entre determinades variables individuals i dhistorial delictiu i penitenciari, i el fet que es reincideixi o no. Tamb identifica el perfil ms com de les persones reincidents front a les que no ho sn. I, finalment, es desenvolupa un model predictiu de la reincidncia mitjanant laplicaci de tcniques danlisi multivariat.
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La localitat de Cumbe s una comunitat tradicional que es troba al tram baix del riu Jaguaribe situat a lestat de Cear (Brasil) i que ha viscut centenars danys a partir de les prctiques extractives que es porten a terme a lecosistema del manglar. Fa 20 anys va aparixer a la regi una nova economia basada en lexplotaci intensiva. Laqicultura destinada a la cria de gamba est causant danys severs a lecosistema del manglar i perjudicant greument la font dingressos de moltes famlies, amenaant la continutat de leconomia local i deteriorant la qualitat de vida de les persones que shi dediquen. A partir de lobservaci personal i la immersi en aquesta societat sha detectat que leconomia tradicional est infravalorada pel govern i per les persones que donen suport a laqicultura. Per aquest motiu shan creat una srie dindicadors, a partir de les activitats extractives del cranc, que posin en valor aquesta economia tradicional envers la nova economia emergent.
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Este proyecto representa una aproximacin al flamenco desde la msica clsica, y ms concretamente desde el punto de vista violinstico. Se trata de una visin personal sobre los elementos tcnicos e interpretativos a seguir para adentrarnos en la estilstica flamenca. Ampliar los conocimientos musicales para as enriquecernos y crecer, tanto como personas como msicos. De la fusin musical emergen nuevos horizontes con los que poder expresarnos. Esto nos abre las puertas a la creatividad.
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Laugment de la utilitzaci de les noves tecnologies a la nostra societat permet a les empreses arribar al client duna forma ms rapida i facilitant la informaci de manera gil i ordenada. Amb aquest objectiu sha creat una botiga virtual que ser la part visible als usuaris i clients de lempresa PRINTONER S.L , dedicada al sector dels consumibles, especialment els reciclats. Per lempresa un dels objectius principals s oferir al client la possibilitat de comprar els seus productes de manera cmode a travs dInternet, ja que accedint amb un nom dusuari i una contrasenya podr obtenir totes les referncies de les que es disposa, podr tramitar les comandes i controlar-ne lestat fins el moment de lentrega. A part de les seccions destinades a usuaris i clients sha creat una zona dadministraci, on els responsables de lempresa podran gestionar tots els productes, modificar i visualitzar les comandes. A ms aprofitant que aquestes quedaran guardades a una base de dades juntament amb els productes venuts, sintegrar el sistema de facturaci de lempresa, cosa que fins el moment es feia de manera manual i maldestre. Tamb es programar una part on els responsables podran insertar reparacions i vendes informtiques que shagin de facturar o per fer-ne un us estadstic en un futur. Tot aix ens portar a implementar un sistema dusuaris registrats amb diferents permisos i diferents nivells daccs a laplicaci, fins a un total de 5. Sha intentat fer de laplicaci, un sistema a mida i que compleixi tots els requisits que lempresa ens ha demanat, amb la previsi que ms endavant shi pugui implementar un sistema de gesti destocs i altres millores per oferir als seus clients un servei inigualable. Per tal de portar a terme tot aquest treball sha utilitzat una tecnologia de lliure distribuci com s el llenguatge PHP i la base de dades MySQL, aquesta opci a part duna filosofia es produeix per intentar minimitzar els costos de laplicatiu. La finalitat de lempresa amb aquest projecte s oferir millor imatge i servei, efectivitat i rapidesa en tot el procs de vendes, aix com reduir costos de facturaci i tamb de publicitat, ja que es podr potenciar molt ms la pgina web via internet.
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RESUM Actualment la majoria de nosaltres sabem de lexistncia de molts programes lliures, per hem tenir clar que lliure no vol dir sempre programa gratut. Tot i que a vegades s que pot ser-ho, es t en compte molt ms que aix: s una manera de pensar i entendre el programari i al llarg dels anys ha generat tot un moviment social. Considerem que un programa lliure s aquell que garanteix als usuaris la llibertat per executar, copiar, distribuir, estudiar, canviar i millorar el codi programat, com molt b defineixen les seves llibertats bsiques. El programari lliure el podem trobar funcionant en ordinadors personals, escoles, empreses diverses, administracions, etc. ja que la majoria de programes que utilitzen actualment, com hem vist, tenen el seu equivalent en lliure. El fet de si s viable que una empresa es passi a programari lliure, depn ben b del seu entorn, ja que en funci daquest li ser ms o menys fcil la migraci. La finalitat daquest projecte s, primer de tot, fer un ampli estudi del mn del programari lliure i del seu moviment social. Sha fet una recerca de diferents aspectes dins del programari lliure per conixer-lo a fons i desprs sha proposat una possible implantaci daquest en un usuari domstic i en una administraci pblica, tenint en compte tots els aspectes vistos en lestudi, valorant si totes les idees que defensa i els beneficis que aporta sn aplicables i viables en qualsevol persona i mbit i el perqu. Com a conclusi principal en destacaria que tot i que el programa lliure disposa duna ideologia que agrada i t uns programes tcnicament perfectes (sense que aix sigui el seu objectiu principal), penso que encara hi ha molt cam per recrrer quant a una migraci en grans entorns, ja que per exemple en un ajuntament una migraci total s encara difcil (tot i que no impossible perqu nhi ha que shi han migrat). A lapartat dannexos shi inclou un glossari amb un seguit de terminologies amb paraules que no tothom pot saber i sha cregut oport incloure-les en aquest apartat. La primera vegada que apareix alguna daquestes paraules la podem trobar senyalitzada amb un *.
