Studies on polysaccharides from three edible species of Nostoc (Cyanobacteria) with different colony morphologies: Comparison of monosaccharide compositions and viscosities of polysaccharides from field colonies and suspension cultures

Hot water-soluble polysaccharides woe extracted from field colonies and suspension cultures of Nostoc commune Vaucher, Nostoc flagelliforme Berkeley et Curtis, and Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing. Excreted extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were isolated from the media in which the suspension cultures were grown. The main monosaccharides of the field colony polysaccharides from the three species were glucose, xylose, and galactose, with an approximate ratio of 2:1:1. Mannose was also present, but the levels varied among the species, and arabinose appeared only in N. flagelliforme. The compositions of the cellular polysaccharides and EPS from suspension cultures were more complicated than those of the field samples and varied among the different species. The polysaccharides from the cultures of N. flagelliforme had a relatively simple composition consisting of mannose, galactose, glucose, and glucuronic acid, but no xylose, as was found in the field colony polysaccharides. The polysaccharides from cultures of N. sphaeroides contained glucose (the major component), rhamnose, fucose, xylose, mannose, and galactose. These same sugars were present in the polysaccharides from cultures of N. commune, with xylose as the major component. Combined nitrogen in the media had no qualitative influence on the compositions of the cellular polysaccharides but affected those of the EPS of N. commune and N. flagelliforme. The EPS of N. sphaeroides had a very low fetal carbohydrate content and thus was not considered to be polysaccharide in nature. The field colony polysaccharides could be separated by anion exchange chromatography into neutral and acidic fractions having similar sugar compositions. Preliminary linkage analysis showed that 1) xylose, glucose, and galactose were 1-->4 linked, 2) mannose, galactose, and xylose occurred as terminal residues, and 3) branch points occurred in glucose as 1-->3,4 and 1-->3,6 linkages and in xylose as a 1-->3,4 linkage. The polymer preparations from field colonies had higher kinematic viscosities than those from corresponding suspension cultures. The high viscosities of the polymers suggested that they might DE suitable for industrial uses.

In situ hydrate dissociation using microwave heating: Preliminary study

In this work, we investigate the dissociation behavior of natural gas hydrate in a closed system with microwave (MW) heating and hot water heating. The hydrate was formed at temperatures of 1-4 degrees C and pressures of 4.5-5.5 MPa. It was found that the gas hydrate dissociated more rapidly with microwave than with hot water heating. The rate of hydrate dissociation increased with increasing microwave power, and it was a function of microwave power. Furthermore, the temperature of the hydrate increased linearly with time during the microwave radiation.

An acidic polysaccharide with xylose branches from Porphyra yezoensis

An acidic polysaccharide (PY3) was isolated from the hot water extract of the red algae Porphyra yezoensis by successive column chromatographies over DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-200. PY3 with an average molecular weight of 1.8x10(5) was demonstrated to be composed of galactose (Gal), 3,6-anhydrogalactose (3,6-AnGal), 6-OSO3-galactose (6-OSO3-Gal) and xylose (Xyl) in an approximate molar ratio of 25 : 15, 10, 1. In view of Smith degradation and methylation and on the basis of spectral evidence including those of IR, GC, GC-MS, and H-1 and C-13 NMR, the most probable repeating unit of PY3 could be proposed as [(1-->3)beta -D-Gal(1 --> 4)alpha -L-3,6-AnGal](3)-[(1 --> 3)beta -D-Gal(1 --> 4)alpha -L-6-OSO3-Gal](2) with a xylose moiety at the C-6 of one of every twenty-five beta -D-Gal residues. To our knowledge, PY3 was shown to be the first porphyran possessing occasional xylose branches.

Polysaccharides from Ulva pertusa (Chlorophyta) and preliminary studies on their antihyperlipidemia activity

Polysaccharides from Ulva pertusa were isolated and prepared by extraction in hot water and precipitation by ethanol. The water-soluble polysaccharides were chemically well defined, containing 47.0% total carbohydrate, 23.2% uronic acids, 17.1% sulfate groups, 1.0% N and 29.9% ash. Gas chromatography analysis demonstrated that the neutral sugars were mainly composed of rhamnose, xylose and glucose and smaller amounts of mannose, galactose and arabinose. The FTIR and C-13-NMR spectra indicated that basic repeating units of the polysaccharides were (beta-D-GlcpA-(1->4)-alpha-L-Rhap 3S) and (alpha-L-IdopA-(1->4)-alpha-L-Rhap 3S). Fifty ICR mice were used to study the effect of water-soluble polysaccharides from Ulva pertusa on the level of plasma lipids, with inositol niacinate as positive control. The results indicated that the polysaccharides significantly lowered the contents of plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride and markedly increased the contents of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared with the hyperlipidemia control group (p<0.01). Moreover, administration of polysaccharides significantly decreased the atherogenic index. The present results suggest that the polysaccharides from Ulva pertusa have great potential for preventing ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

内蒙古龙头山Ag-Pb-Zn多金属矿床成矿模式及找矿模型

The recent years research indicated that middle-south section of Da Hinggan Mountains metallogenic belt has two periods(Hercynian and Yanshanian) characteristics of metallogenesis, as well as the most of ore deposits in the area closely relate to Permian strata. Longtoushan ore deposit discovered in 2004 is an Ag-Pb-Zn polymetallic ore deposit born in Permian and located in the east hillside of the metallogenic belt, which has considerable resources potentials. It has important research value for its good metallogenic location and blank research history. Base on the detail field geology studies, the geology characteristics of "two stages and three kinds of metallogensis" has established. According to further work through geochemistry research including trace element, REE, S, Pb and Sr isotope, as well as petrography, microtemperature measurement, Laser Raman analysis and thermodynamics calculation of fluid inclusion, origin and characteristic of the ore-forming material and fluid has been discussed. And a new technology of single pellet Rb-Sr isochrones has been tried for dating its born time. Bae on above work, study of ore deposit comparison has been carried out, and metallogesis controlling factor and geological prospecting symbol have been summarized. Finally, metallogenic model and prospecting model have been established. According to above, the next step work direction has been proposed. Main achievement of the paper are listed as follow: 1.Longtoushan ore deposit has experienced two metallogenic periods including hot-water sedimentation period and hydrothermal reformation period. There are three kinds of metallizing phase: bedded(or near-bedded) phase, vein-shaped phase and pipe-shaped phase. The mian metallogenic period is hot-water sedimentation period. 2.Ore deposit geochemistry research indicated that the metal sulfides have charcateristic of hot-water sedimentation metallogensis, but generally suffered later hydrothermal transformation. The barite mineral isotope content is homogenous, showing the seabed hot-water sedimentation origin characteristic. Wall rock, such as tuff is one of metallogenic material origins. Both of Pb model age and Rb-Sr isochrone research older age value than that of strata, possibly for been influenced by hydrothermal transformation, and interfusion of ancient basis material. 3.There are two kinds of main metallogenic fluid inclusion in barite of the Longtoushan ore deposit, which are rich gas phase( C type) and liquid phase (D type). Their size is 2～7um, and principal components is H2O. Both kinds of fluid inclusion have freezing point temperature -7.1～-2.4℃ and -5.5～-0.3℃, salinity 4.0～10.6wt% and 0.5～8.5wt%, homogeneous temperature 176.8～361.6℃ and 101.4～279.9℃, which peak value around 270℃ and 170℃, respectively. Density of the ore-forming fluid is 0.73～0.97g/cm3, and metallogenic pressure is 62.3×105～377.9×105Pa. Above characteristic of the fluid inclusion are well geared to that of ore deposit originated in seabed hot-water sedimentation. 4.Through the comparison research, that Longtoushan ore deposit has main characteristic of hot-water sedimentation ore deposit has been indicated. Ore-forming control factor and prospecting symbol of it has been summarized, as well as metallogenic model and prospecting model. Next step work direction about prospecting has also been proposed finally.

Prehistoric burnt mound archaeology in Ireland

It is apparent from the widespread distribution of burnt mounds that Ireland was the most prolific user of pyrolithic technology in Bronze Age Europe. Even though burnt mounds are the most common prehistoric site type in Ireland, they have not received the same level of research as other prehistoric sites. This is primarily due to the paucity of artefact finds and the unspectacular nature of the archaeological remains, compounded by the absence of an appropriate research framework. Due to the widespread use of the technology and the various applications of hot water, narratives related to these sites have revolved around discussions of age and function. This has resulted in a generalised classification, where the term ‘fulacht fia’ covers several site types that have similar features but differing functions and age. The study presents a re-evaluation of fulachtaí fia in light of some 1000 sites excavated in Ireland. This is the most comprehensive study undertaken on the use of pyrolithic technology in prehistoric Ireland, dealing with different aspects of site function, chronology, social role and cultural context. A number of key areas have been identified in relation to our understanding of these sites. Previous investigations of burnt mounds have provided little information on the temporality of individual sites. It has been established that appropriate sampling strategies can provide important information about the formation of individual sites, their relationships to each other and to other monuments in the same cultural landscape. The evidence suggests that considerable caution should be exercised with regard to certain single radiometric dates from burnt stone deposits, based on the degree of certainty of the dated sample and its association with pyrolithic activity. Previously regarded as Bronze Age in date, there are now numerous examples of pyrolithic-type processes in earlier contexts, with the origins of the water-boiling phenomenon now considered to be Early Neolithic. A review of recent excavation evidence provides new insights into the use of pyrolithic technology for cooking. This is based on the discovery of faunal remains at several sites, combined with insights gained through experimental studies. The model proposed here is of open-air communal feasting and food sharing hosted by small family groups, as a medium for social bonding and the construction of community. It is also argued that if cooking was the primary activity taken place at these sites, this should not be viewed as a mundane functional activity, but rather one that actively contributed to the constitution of social relations. The formality of the technology is also supported by the presence of possible specialised structures, some of which were used for cooking/feasting while others were for ritualised sweat-bathing. The duration and frequency of activities associated with burnt mounds and the opportunities they provided for social interaction suggest that these sites contributed some familiar frames of reference to contemporary discourse.

Mafic Plinian volcanism and ignimbrite emplacement at Tofua volcano, Tonga

Tofua Island is the largest emergent mafic volcano within the Tofua arc, Tonga, southwest Pacific. The volcano is dominated by a distinctive caldera averaging 4 km in diameter, containing a freshwater lake in the south and east. The latest paroxysmal (VEI 5-6) explosive volcanism includes two phases of activity, each emplacing a high-grade ignimbrite. The products are basaltic andesites with between 52 wt.% and 57 wt.% SiO(2). The first and largest eruption caused the inward collapse of a stratovolcano and produced the 'Tofua' ignimbrite and a sub-circular caldera located slightly northwest of the island's centre. This ignimbrite was deposited in a radial fashion over the entire island, with associated Plinian fall deposits up to 0.5 m thick on islands > 40 km away. Common sub-rounded and frequently cauliform scoria bombs throughout the ignimbrite attest to a small degree of marginal magma-water interaction. The common intense welding of the coarse-grained eruptive products, however, suggests that the majority of the erupted magma was hot, water-undersaturated and supplied at high rates with moderately low fragmentation efficiency and low levels of interaction with external water. We propose that the development of a water-saturated dacite body at shallow (<6 km) depth resulted in failure of the chamber roof to cause sudden evacuation of material, producing a Plinian eruption column. Following a brief period of quiescence, largescale faulting in the southeast of the island produced a second explosive phase believed to result from recharge of a chemically distinct magma depleted in incompatible elements. This similar, but smaller eruption, emplaced the 'Hokula' Ignimbrite sheet in the northeast of the island. A maximum total volume of 8 km(3) of juvenile material was erupted by these events. The main eruption column is estimated to have reached a height of similar to 12 km, and to have produced a major atmospheric injection of gas, and tephra recorded in the widespread series of fall deposits found on coral islands 40-80 km to the east (in the direction of regional upper-tropospheric winds). Radiocarbon dating of charcoal below the Tofua ignimbrite and organic material below the related fall units imply this eruption sequence occurred post 1,000 years BP. We estimate an eruption magnitude of 2.24x10(13) kg, sulphur release of 12 Tg and tentatively assign this eruption to the AD 1030 volcanic sulphate spike recorded in Antarctic ice sheet records.

Disinfection of Burkholderia cepacia complex from non-touch taps in a neonatal nursery

Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) comprises nine closely related species or genomovars. It is an important causative agent of opportunistic infections and waterborne nosocomial infections. B. cepacia (formerly genomovar I) was identified from the blood culture of a baby in our neonatal unit (NU) in March 2005. B. cepacia was isolated four times from clinical specimens since the introduction of non-touch taps in the NU from 2000 to 2005 and only once from 1994 to 2000. Environmental samples were collected from the NU, including tap water from non-touch taps. Clinical and environmental isolates of Bcc were characterized using molecular identification and strain typing. A literature review was undertaken to delineate a method for eradication of Bcc. Several variations for hot water eradication of the organism from the taps were attempted. Genotyping and molecular analysis revealed that tap water isolates were B. cenocepacia which was a different species from the B. cepacia isolated from blood cultures of the neonate. However, B. cenocepacia has been known to cause nosocomial outbreaks and it was eventually eradicated from the NU by using repeated thermal shock (hot water at 65 degrees C for 10 min), changing taps and decolonizing sinks with hypochlorite. Molecular typing is useful in assisting the investigation of Bcc nosocomial infections.

Net energy analysis of a solar combi system with Seasonal Thermal Energy Store

EU targets require nearly zero energy buildings (NZEB) by 2020. However few monitored examples exist of how NZEB has been achieved in practise in individual residential buildings. This paper provides an example of how a low-energy building (built in 2006), has achieved nearly zero energy heating through the addition of a solar domestic hot water and space heating system (“combi system”) with a Seasonal Thermal Energy Store (STES). The paper also presents a cumulative life cycle energy and cumulative life cycle carbon analysis for the installation based on the recorded DHW and space heating demand in addition to energy payback periods and net energy ratios. In addition, the carbon and energy analysis is carried out for four other heating system scenarios including hybrid solar thermal/PV systems in order to obtain the optimal system from a carbon efficiency perspective.

A case for facade integrated solar thermal systems.

This paper explores the potential for façade located solar thermal collectors. Building typologies with limited roof space area are highlighted. A relationship exists between hot water consumption and the solar collector area; hence, a literature review of the hot water consumption of different building typologies is conducted. The review showed that there is a paucity of information on the hot water consumption of buildings, primarily attributed to the difficulty in quantifying it. The hot water consumption is typically describedusing liters per capita per day (Lcd) units, with a broad range of values existing, dependent, primarily on the building's function and location. Asimulation-based study is conducted to size solar thermal systems for different buildings and their associated hot water loads. High solar fractions,for buildings with high levels of hot water consumption, could only be achievedby using significantly largercollector surface areas. As a result, façade located solar thermal collectors are required for certain high-rise buildings that aim to provide for their hot water needs using a considerable portion of solar energy.

A simplified procedure for sizing solar thermal systems based on national assessment methods in the UK and Ireland.

Solar heating systems have the potential to be an efficient renewable energy technology, provided they are sized correctly. Sizing a solar thermal system for domestic applications does not warrant the cost of a simulation. As a result simplified sizing procedures are required. The size of a system depends on a number of variables including the efficiency of the collector itself, the hot water demand and the solar radiation at a given location. Domestic Hot Water (DHW) demand varies with time and is assessed using a multi-parameter detailed model. Secondly, the national energy evaluation methodologies are evaluated from the perspective of solar thermal system sizing. Based on the assessment of the standards, limitations in the evaluation method for solar thermal systems are outlined and an adapted method, specific to the sizing of solar thermal systems, is proposed. The methodology is presented for two common dwelling scenarios. Results from this showed that it is difficult to achieve a high solar fraction given practical sizes of system infrastructure (storage tanks) for standard domestic properties. However, solar thermal systems can significantly offset energy loads due associated DHW consumption, particularly when sized appropriately. The presented methodology is valuable for simple solar system design and also for the quick comparison of salient criteria.

Thermal environments and comfort in dementia friendly dwellings

This study follows on from a research project that developed guidelines for the Universal Design (UD) of Dementia Friendly Dwellings for People with Dementia, their Families and Carers. Research findings point to the need for thermal environments that support people with dementia and do not provoke stress, agitation or anxiety. Using semi-structured interviews and qualitative analysis of people with dementia this paper aims to provide insight into the questions of appropriate thermal environments. The qualitative analysis is supported by example simulated indoor environment studies that investigate comfort in common thermal environment provision scenarios in the homes of people with dementia. This paper focuses on the thermal environment, its impact on people with dementia, its therapeutic value, and its role in encouraging engagement in every day activity.
Findings from the interviews emphasize that control over their own internal environment is a priority for people with dementia. A strong preference for naturally or passively conditioned environments over mechanical conditioning is evident. Preferences are expressed for naturally ventilated environments enabling occupant instigated air movement. Repeated emphasis is placed on familiar elements including the fire and hot water bottle. Little desire is expressed for information feedback or technological displays.

Influência do tratamento de material vegetativo de videira, por imersão em água quente, no seu desenvolvimento em viveiro e na eliminação da flavescência dourada

Dissertação de mestrado em Agricultura Sustentável, apresentada na Escola Superior Agrária de Santarém, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém.

Extração e estrutura dos polissacarídeos do resíduo do café com atividade imunoestimuladora

As galactomananas das infusões de café apresentam atividade imunoestimuladora in vitro, sendo esta atividade semelhante à das mananas acetiladas extraídas de Aloe vera. As galactomananas presentes no resíduo de café também possuem atividade imunoestimuladora in vitro quando são parcialmente acetiladas. Como as galactomananas são o componente maioritário do resíduo de café e como o café é um produto de largo consumo a nível mundial, o reaproveitamento deste resíduo como fonte de galactomananas com atividade imunoestimuladora deve ser considerado. Esta dissertação procura dar resposta a duas questões: 1. Quais são as estruturas das galactomananas responsáveis pela atividade imunoestimuladora destes polissacarídeos; e 2. Como é que as galactomananas podem ser extraídas quantitativamente do resíduo de café de modo a serem solúveis em água à temperatura ambiente e, assim, poderem ser utilizadas como ingredientes alimentares com atividade imunoestimuladora. A questão 1 foi respondida pela caracterização estrutural de quatro galactomananas, de três origens: a) as galactomananas das infusões de café e do resíduo que apresentaram atividade imunoestimuladora; b) a galactomanana da goma de alfarroba (LBG), que não apresentou atividade imunoestimuladora; e c) a manana acetilada de Aloe vera, que apresentou atividade imunoestimuladora. Estes polissacarídeos foram submetidos à análise de açúcares e de ligações glicosídicas e a hidrólise por endo-β-D- (1→4)-mananase. Os fragmentos de oligossacarídeos mais pequenos foram ainda analisados por espetrometria de massa por ionização de electrospray e espetrometria de massa tandem. As galactomananas das infusões de café, do resíduo de café e do Aloe vera apresentaram grau de ramificação e peso molecular semelhantes, enquanto as galactomananas da LBG apresentaram grau de ramificação e de polimerização maiores. Todas as galactomananas apresentaram resíduos de arabinose como ramificação. O grau de acetilação das galactomananas da LBG foi vestigial enquanto as galactomananas do Aloe vera apresentaram um grau de acetilação de 2,08; para as galactomananas do resíduo de café o grau de acetilação foi de 0,98 e para as infusões foi de 0,08. A localização dos grupos acetilo foi irregular em todos os polímeros. Os resultados obtidos permitem inferir que baixos níveis de ramificação, cadeias pequenas e alguma acetilação parecem promover a atividade imunoestimuladora atribuída às galactomananas. Para responder à questão 2, foi testada uma metodologia que envolveu a torra do resíduo de café a 160 ºC e a 220 ºC e a sua extração com água quente e com soluções de 4 M NaOH à temperatura de 20, 60 e 120 ºC. A torra do resíduo a 160 ºC e a extração sequencial permitiu extrair 56% das galactomananas presentes no resíduo de café e, simultaneamente, 54% das arabinogalactanas. As galactomananas mantiveram a sua estrutura caraterística de polissacarídeo acetilado composto por uma cadeira principal de resíduos de manose em ligação β-(1→4) e resíduos de Gal e Ara nas cadeias laterais. A 220 ºC, as galactomananas foram parcialmente degradadas e o rendimento de extração foi muito menor do que a 160 ºC. No entanto, mesmo a esta temperatura as galactomananas apresentaram resíduos acetilados e a presença de pentoses nas cadeias laterais, o que permite inferir a elevada resistência destes polissacarídeos à temperatura e aos reagentes alcalinos. De forma a melhor compreender a estabilidade térmica das galactomananas do resíduo de café e a influência que a presença de arabinogalactanas pode ter na sua estabilidade, foi feita uma análise termogravimétrica aos polissacarídeos extraídos do resíduo de café assim como a polissacarídeos relacionados estruturalmente com estes, como a celulose, a galactomanana de LBG e a goma arábica, uma arabinogalactana. As galactomananas são termicamente estáveis durante 3 h a 200 ºC, enquanto as arabinogalactanas são estáveis a 180 ºC. De acordo com os perfis dos termogramas obtidos, e pelo cálculo das energias de ativação da degradação térmica, o resíduo de café apresenta uma estabilidade térmica menor do que a galactomanana, possivelmente devido à presença de arabinogalactanas. Apesar de não se ter verificado alterações no termograma da galactomanana do café submetida a um tratamento térmico de 200 ºC durante 3 h, verificam-se alterações estruturais que envolvem a formação de novas ligações glicosídicas, nomeadamente, a formação de resíduos de manose ligados em O-2 e em O-6, reações de transglicosilação, despolimerização, formação de resíduos de anidro-hexoses no terminal redutor e isomerização manose-glucose. Estas alterações promovem a solubilização das galactomananas. Os resultados obtidos permitem propor que o resíduo de café possa ser submetido a uma torra seguida de extração com reagentes alcalinos a quente para obtenção das galactomananas com rendimentos elevados. Estes polissacarídeos podem tornar-se solúveis em água após tratamento térmico a 200 ºC, permitindo assim a sua utilização em formulações alimentares, nomeadamente, por preparação de compostos acetilados com baixos níveis de ramificação e cadeias pequenas de modo a promover a sua atividade imunoestimuladora.

Natural substances and high pressure processing to preserve sea bass

Esta tese teve como objectivo estudar estratégias de conservação de pescado fresco, recorrendo ao uso de extractos e óleos essenciais de plantas e do processamento por alta pressão (HPP), usando filetes de robalo como um caso de estudo modelo. Relativamente aos extractos e óleos essenciais, avaliaram-se as suas propriedades antibacterianas e antioxidantes. Os extractos aquosos quente de poejo e de orégão e o óleo essencial de cravinho apresentaram a maior actividade antioxidante. Os óleos essenciais foram mais eficientes do que os extractos para inibir o crescimento das estirpes bacterianas testadas, tendo-se observado os menores valores de concentração mínima inibitória nos óleos essenciais de orégão, citronela, alho e orégão Espanhol. De seguida, estudou-se o efeito dos óleos essenciais de orégão Espanhol e de limão na conservação de filetes de robalo fresco tendo em conta critérios microbiológicos, químicos, físicos e sensoriais. A aplicação do óleo essencial de orégão Espanhol aumentou o tempo de vida útil dos filetes sob o ponto de vista bacteriano, mas não em termos sensoriais. A combinação dos óleos essenciais de orégão Espanhol e de limão melhorou o efeito antioxidante e reduziu a intensidade do odor e a sua eficácia em relação às Enterobacteriaceae, comparando com o tratamento com óleo essencial de orégão Espanhol per se. No sentido de reduzir o odor conferido pelos óleos essenciais realizou-se um estudo de conservação para avaliar o efeito de películas com óleos essenciais (citronela, alho e tomilho) em filetes de robalo, recorrendo a uma teste de desafio bacteriano. As películas sem óleos essenciais aumentaram o tempo de vida útil sob o ponto de vista bacteriano, mas este efeito não foi observado com a incorporação dos óleos essenciais nas películas. Em relação ao HPP, testaram-se diversas condições (nível de pressão, tempo de pressurização e taxa de pressurização) e avaliaram-se os efeitos na actividade enzimática, na qualidade global e na conservação de filetes de robalo fresco. Em geral, o aumento do nível de pressão e do tempo de pressurização diminuiu a actividade da fosfatase ácida e das enzimas proteolíticas, a carga bacteriana e a capacidade de retenção de água, enquanto que os filetes ficaram mais brancos. O HPP revelou potencial para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos: mais brancos, não translúcidos, mais firmes e com maior tempo de frescura e estabilidade microbiológica. Em conclusão, os óleos essenciais e o HPP têm potencial para conservar pescado fresco, devido aos seus efeitos na qualidade bacteriana. Ainda assim, mais esforços devem ser feitos no sentido de reduzir a transferência de odor dos óleos essenciais para o pescado e os efeitos do HPP no aspecto do pescado e na oxidação lipídica.