História social de uma empresa brasileira: a cerâmica Porto Ferreira

O objetivo da pesquisa é construir a história social de uma empresa familiar brasileira fundada nos anos trinta no estado de São Paulo. A investigação acompanhou o desenvolvimento da organização até os dias atuais e pretendeu abranger diferentes dimensões desse processo: econômico-financeiros, políticos, gerenciais e tecnológicos.

Coesão e hierarquia em famílias com história de abuso físico

Esta tese trata sobre a estrutura e funcionamento de famílias com história de abuso físico através da análise da coesão e da hierarquia nestes microssistemas. Assim, examina o fenômeno da violência intrafamiliar, especificamente do abuso físico dos pais para com os filhos, através da Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano, Teoria Estrutural Sistêmica Familiar e da Psicologia Positiva. Participaram deste estudo vinte famílias de nível sócio-econômico baixo e história de abuso físico intrafamiliar. O método utilizado foi a inserção ecológica, através da participação da equipe de pesquisa nos contextos nos quais as famílias participam (residência, hospital, escola e organização não-governamental). Foram aplicadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas e o Teste do Sistema Familiar –FAST. Esta tese está organizada em três estudos. O primeiro analisa o perfil destas famílias, levando-se em conta os dados bioecológicos (condições socioeconômicas e constituição familiar) e relacionais (indicadores de risco, de proteção, eventos, expectativas de futuro), e analisa o perfil da violência (membros envolvidos, motivos, severidade, freqüência e intensidade) O segundo analisa quantitativamente as representações dos membros familiares sobre a coesão e a hierarquia, obtidas através do FAST. O terceiro apresenta três casos, nos quais é aprofundado o estudo do fenômeno do abuso físico intrafamiliar, de forma qualitativa. Os resultados mostram a presença de indicadores de risco severos para o desenvolvimento saudável dos membros familiares e do sistema como um todo, como os relacionados aos papéis, à educação formal, patologias, práticas disciplinares e aos comportamentos agressivos. Os fatores de proteção, identificados na família, como a rede de apoio, o desejo de mudança e valorização das conquistas, não são suficientemente capazes para promover a resiliência e evitar a violência, tal é a sua severidade. As perspectivas divergentes entre os membros familiares sobre a coesão e a hierarquia também contribuem para isto. Os agressores não se reconhecem como tal e tendem a representar a família coesa, mesmo diante de situações conflituosas. Estes resultados foram confirmados nos estudos de casos, que demonstram também o papel da violência associado à necessidade do abusador em manter o controle sobre o sistema relacional, ao descontrole emocional individual, influenciando todo o sistema, e como interação, substituindo o afeto amoroso.

Filhos de criação : uma história dos menores abandonados no Brasil : (década de 1930)

Na sociedade brasileira, as políticas sociais para infância e juventude considerada desamparada e delinqüente entre os anos de 1920 e 1940 caracterizam-se pelo fato de terem sido levadas a cabo pelos representantes do Poder Judiciário. Em Florianópolis (SC), o Juizado de Menores foi instituído, em 1935, pelo grupo que passou a governar o Estado de Santa Catarina com o propósito de promover, sob a ótica da gestão da população, uma assistência social moderna para os filhos dos trabalhadores urbanos. Nessa pesquisa, investigou-se, a partir da documentação emitida pelo Poder Judiciário, porque a prole de determinados grupos sociais ─ migrantes, descendentes de açorianos e madeirenses e afrodescendentes ─ que habitavam na cidade, na década de 1930, ingressaram no programa social colocação familiar implementado pelas autoridades judiciárias no período. Inicialmente foram identificadas as motivações relativas aos meios de subsistência e ao contexto sócio-familiar que geralmente levavam mães e pais consangüíneos a transferir seus filhos para outros lares. Posteriormente analisou-se como a noção de menor abandonado, vigente no Código de Menores de 1927, foi operacionalizada do ponto de vista jurídico-administrativo pelos representantes do Estado com o intuito de enviar os infantes pobres e os considerados infratores para as residências dos guardiões. Por fim, as experiências vivenciadas pelos menores declarados abandonados nos lares dos guardiões foram descritas. Os guardiões da capital catarinense e do interior do Estado acolhiam os “abandonados” de ambos os sexos com o objetivo central de obter mão-de-obra, sobretudo, para os serviços domésticos. Esse programa social se mostrou relativamente ineficaz à medida que não propiciou condições para que essas crianças e jovens oriundos dos grupos populares urbanos ascendessem de classe, garantindo, na maioria das vezes, apenas a subsistência dessas pessoas. A análise desse processo histórico relativo à chamada família substituta explica, em parte, as direções tomadas pelas políticas sociais infanto-juvenis nas décadas subseqüentes no Brasil.

Substituindo famílias ? continuidades e rupturas na prática de acolhimento familiar intermediada pelo estado em Porto Alegre, 1946/2003

Este trabalho trata sobre continuidades e rupturas nas políticas de assistência à infância em relação às diferentes concepções de família, infância, direitos e bem-estar de crianças e adolescentes. Particularmente aborda o caso do acolhimento familiar em Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil) e visa analisar os diversos programas de colocação familiar implementados entre 1946 e 2003. Sua história se apresenta como um exemplo de continuidade no que refere à participação de membros da comunidade em programas públicos de assistência, que envolvem várias gerações, tanto entre as famílias de acolhida como entre as famílias de origem. Neste trabalho, a questão da extraordinária longevidade (de mais de cinco décadas) do sistema de acolhimento familiar é abordada a partir da analise etnográfica da experiência de famílias participantes do Programa Lares Substitutos -última das modalidades de colocação familiar implementada pela FEBEM-RS. Essa perspectiva revela a forma como os mecanismos oficiais de funcionamento do programa se reformularam a partir das práticas informais de circulação de crianças. Essas práticas, já existentes dentro da comunidade, colaboraram os objetivos originalmente planejados desde a administração, otimizando a utilização dos recursos disponibilizados pelos poderes públicos. A suspensão do Programa Lares Substitutos -que implica a ruptura da política oficial de acolhimento familiar, mas não da prática informal de circulação de crianças- é analisada no contexto das mudanças produzidas no marco do processo de implementação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, entre 1994 e 2003.

Agregação familiar e resultados maternos e perinatais da pré-eclâmpsia severa em população do Rio Grande do Norte

To determine whether there is familiar aggregation of severe preeclampsia in a Brazilian population from Rio Grande do Norte and to characterize the maternal and perinatal outcomes in the studied population. Methods: A case control study was performed with 412 participants who were admitted at Maternidade Escola Januário Cicco (MEJC) for medical care. Of these, 264 subjects presented normal blood pressure and 148 were cases. Cases were composed of eclampsia (n=47), HELLP Syndrome (n=85) and Eclampsia associated with HELLP syndrome (n=16). The diagnosis of these illness were based on the citeria developed by National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working (2000). An interview was performed with each subject and questions related to personal and familiar history of hypertension, preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome and eclampsia. Statistical analysis was performed and comparison of median and mean between cases and controls were performed, with the level of significance of 5%. The Odds-Ratio was determined to estimate the risk of preeclampsia within the families. Results: There were no difference in the demographic data between cases and controls. Previous history of chronic hypertension and preeclampsia was more frequent in the case group. Headaches were more frequent in eclampsia and epigastric pain in the HELLP syndrome cases. Bleeding and oliguria were more frequently found in the eclampsia associated with HELLP syndrome cases. Acute Renal insufficiency was a common complication in the case group, but these cases did not evolve to chronic renal insufficiency. The maternal mortality was 0.4% and the perinatal mortality was high, 223 per 1,000 live births. The 111 risk of a woman to develop preeclampsia whose mother has hypertension or had preeclampsia was respectively 2.5 and 3.5. This risk was increased 5 times, when a sibling has hypertension and 6 times when both sibling and mother had previous history of preeclampsia. Conclusions: This study confirms that there is familiar aggregation of preeclampsia in this Brazilian population. The potential for cardiovascular complications due to development of chronic hypertension indicates the need of closely follow up of women who develop preeclampsia

Risco de doença cardiovascular em mulheres com história de distúrbio hipertensivo da gravidez

OBJECTIVE: Preeclampsia is a disease that can lead to a high maternal and infant morbidity. Worldwide, the incidence of this disease is highly variable and there is no data on this disorder in the Brazilian population. This study aimed at determining incidence and risk factors in the hypertensive disorders during pregnancy in a neighborhood of Natal, in addition to observing the evolution of these disorders one year and five years after delivery. METHODS: Prospective cohort study to assess the outcome of pregnancies of 242 women who became pregnant between 2004-2007 in the neighborhood of Bom Pastor in the city of Natal, state of RN, Brazil. Five years after delivery, there was an active search of thirty-nine (39) women who became pregnant and had a hypertensive disorder during pregnancy and/or pré-eclâmpsia, out of the total of 242 participants in the initial study. We administered a structured questionnaire to obtain basic information about the current clinical situation of patients and occurrences of subsequent pregnancy and presence of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. We also searched for information on the use of hypotensive drugs and contraceptives. The following characteristics were checked and recorded: a) current weight, b) blood pressure c) body mass index - BMI, and we collected biological samples (blood and urine) for measurement of biochemical parameters and evaluation of microalbuminúria. Finally, we monitored the ambulatory blood pressure (ABP), which uses the method of automatic measurement of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and an average of the two for the period of 24 hours. RESULTS: Out of 218 women who completed the study, the incidence of hypertensive disorders was of 16.9% (37 out of 218), while the incidence of preeclampsia was 13.8% (30 of 218). Women with preeclampsia had a BMI (body mass index) averaged of 25.3 (± 4.8) while this ratio in normotensive women was of 23.5 (± 3.7), p = 0.02. The risk of preeclampsia rises with age (OR 1084 p = 0.0034) and with a family history of hypertension (OR 2.6 p = 0.01). The follow-up one year after delivery revealed that 50% of women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy remained hypertensive. High BMI was also observed after 5 years of delivery. CONCLUSIONS: an elevated BMI, age above 35 years and excessive weight gain during pregnancy were associated with hypertension in the long term in patients with prior preeclampsia. History of preeclampsia increases the risk of chronic hypertension

Consumo familiar: efeitos da valorização do salário mínimo nas decisões de gasto das famílias brasileiras, nordestinas e potiguares, no período de 1995 a 2011

This research objectify to analyze the effects of minimum wage recovery in the household consumption in the Brazil, northeastern region of the Brazil and the state of the Rio Grande do Norte, in the period of 1995 to 2011. This is because the search for the strengthening of the internal market, via incentive policies to private demand has assumed prominence in the Government agenda. Thus, under the justification of the fierce debate about the effectiveness of countercyclical policies of Brazil, in view of the recent economic crisis, aims to: 1) retake the theoretical debate and, to a certain extent, the evolution of the theory of household consumption, as well as some conclusions about their connection with the minimum wage; 2) to describe the experiences and the effects of this legislation in economic history, with emphasis on the Brazilian case; 3) to present some of the available statistics to research bases, with attention to the specifics of each and the empirical results found for consumption in Brazil; 4) to estimate the effects of minimum wage variation in household consumption in Brazil (BR), northeast (NE) and Rio Grande do Norte (RN). From this, in order to quantify this relationship, makes inferences from the effects of the wage bill and the minimum wage on consumption, in quarterly series (with ad hoc adjustment from the "weights" of each quarter), from classic model of multiple linear regression. The hypothesis is that released: increments in income, derived from the policy of minimum wage recovery will influence directly the household consumption. However, when comparing the results between the units analyzed, the expressiveness of the northeastern families of Brazil and Rio Grande do Norte families front national dynamics with income linked to this floor, drives most significant impacts spending decisions in NE and RN, thus reducing regional disparities in the consumer. The results indicate contrary evidence, because while for the BR a unitary variation in minimum wage increases the consumption in units monetary 1.28, to the NE and RN these parameters are respectively 1.05 and 1.09

História oral de vida de pacientes transplantados renais: novos caminhos a trilhar

The therapeutic possibilities for chronic renal failure closely are related to the biological and social condition, and in this perspective the renal transplant is considered the best option, for providing quality of life better. This study it objectified to apprehend, by means of the rescue of the verbal history of life of the kidney transplant patients, the experiences lived since the diagnosis of the renal to the current with the current therapeutic modality. One is about a study of qualitative boarding, exploratory and descriptive, having the verbal history of life as a technique and method. The colony was formed with the ten first kidney transplant patients of the Rio Grande of the North, taken care of in the clinic of the Nephrology in the University Hospital Onofre Lopes-UFRN, located in the city of Christmas-RN. The net was composed for collaborators of both the sex, in the age band between 21 and 56 years of age, submitted it more than has one year to the renal transplant and that, in some cases, together of its familiar ones, they had voluntarily accepted to participate of the study. The first collaborator interviewed for this was excluded not to desire to participate the study more than. After approval for the Committee of Ethics in Search of the UFRN, we carry through the collection of data, by means of a halfstructuralized interview, recorded individually, in environment chosen for the collaborators. We carry through the transcription of the interviews and later we return to the interviewed ones so that the same ones made the conference, what it made possible in them to carry through the transcriation, after consecutive readings. We analyze the stories by means of the analysis of content of Bardin. Guiding the analysis of the stories of the collaborators, we find three axles thematic: Impact in the social relations, Impact in the social condition and Behavior front the illness and treatment. We conclude in this study that the loss of the renal function reed-echo drastically in the life of the collaborators, but that the acceptance of the pathological condition emerged, mainly for the support of the family and in the belief in God. The renal transplant was seen as the chance for a new life, however, so that they reach an improvement in the quality of life, other questions must be optimized, as the guarantee of constitutional laws, the rescue of the citizenship and offer of bigger support of the professionals of the health, family and society for the confrontation of the problems generated for the chronic renal illness and its treatments

Vivências compartilhadas de filhos separados pela hanseníase no RN a luz da história oral de vida

Several epidemics marked the lives of individuals and communities in all historical periods, and a prime example is leprosy, infectious disease marked by stigma, prejudice and social exclusion. In the past, the compulsory isolation of patients with leprosy caused serious social and psychological problems, resulting in the separation and the partial or total disruption of the family relationship. Children deprived of this living, removed often inhumanely, were kept and bred in preventoriums / educational establishments. This study aimed to: rescue the oral history of life of the children of leprosy patients that were built in preventorium Osvaldo Cruz, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte; develop a contextual analysis about these children; know the life trajectory of children of leprosy patients institutionalized in preventoriums / educational establishments; produce a documentary on the history of life of children of parents separated by leprosy; forming MORHAN of Rio Grande do Norte state; and implement the I Meeting of MORHAN of Rio Grande do Norte state. This is an exploratory and descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, approved by the ERC No. 024/024/2012 Liga Norteriograndense Contra o Câncer. We used the contributions of the method and technique of oral history of life as methodological reference. We interviewed 10 individuals egress from preventorium Osvaldo Cruz in Natal/RN, sons of former patients proven to be residents in the city, of both sexes, older than 18, with cognitive, intellectual and emotional conditions preserved. The analysis of the histories obtained from collaborators was performed in the light of Thematic Content Analysis. The results and discussions are presented through two articles which meet the proposed objectives. The first, called Contextual Analysis on the children of leprosy patients in preventoriums aimed to record the phenomenon of children of leprosy patients in preventorium through four contextual levels, which identified the need to broaden the debate on public policy in the field of leprosy as a way to enable more effective measures to propagate in the search for harm reduction and direct consequences resulting from stigma and marginalization around patients and their healthy children, egress from preventoriums. The second, Leprosy and the denial of history: the story of separated children , aimed to know the life trajectory of children of leprosy patients who were institutionalized in preventoriums / educational establishments. In this article, we discuss the research question through the establishment of three main themes: 1. Losses and damages: disintegration and reintegration into the family and denied childhood; 2. Unforgettable: remarkable things you do not forget; and 3. Expectancy in living new situations: in search of other paths and destinations. These thematic axis highlighted the negative implications for the lives of the subjects, arising from the separation of their parents, leprosy patients at the time of compulsory isolation; however, has also been shown that this separation was not decisive in their life histories, once they have succeeded in providing a new sense of these experiences and lead their lives with dignity and fortitude. It was concluded that these children demonstrated resilience as form of defense and fighting stigma and prejudice, being able to reinvent themselves and build new paths and destinations

A maternidade na história e a história dos cuidados maternos

Neste artigo, discute-se a naturalização de conceitos e práticas relacionadas à maternidade e aos cuidados maternos, associando-se sua construção social às modificações pelas quais a família tem passado, na Europa e no Brasil, a partir das transformações que permitiram a organização dos Estados modernos e acompanharam a instalação da ordem econômica burguesa. Enfoca-se a maneira como o discurso médico colaborou na promoção de novas formas de relação familiar pelo favorecimento de características específicas para o papel materno, destacando-se a participação tanto da Medicina quanto da Psicologia na instituição das novas configurações que os processos de subjetivação têm assumido na atualidade.

O sentido da autoridade nas destituições do poder familiar em Marília a partir dos relatos dos operadores do direito na perspectiva do gênero

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC

Os direitos personalíssimos, e as obrigações, no poder familiar

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

Recursos e condições adversas na história pregressa de crianças de 4ª série do ensino fundamental

Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

A relação professor-aluno: uma história de amizade

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Avaliação de instrumento para classificação de risco familiar em unidades de saúde da família

Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB