Caracterização de germoplasma e melhoramento genético do maracujazeiro assistidos por marcadores moleculares: resultados de pesquisa 2005-2008.

2008

Incidência de pragas e ocorrência de inimigos naturais no banco ativo de germoplasma de coco.

1998

Banco ativo de germoplasma de citros da Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura.

O gênero Citrus L. e afins, especialmente Poncirus Raf., Fortunella Swingle, Microcitrus Swingle, Eremocitrus Swingle e Clymenia Swingle, constituem o que se denomina por citros, em razão de produzirem frutos semelhantes à laranja ou ao limão. Esse complexo grupo de plantas apresenta ampla variabilidade de formas, as quais foram se acumulando ao longo de milênios, seja em razão de seu cultivo desde a Antiguidade, por diversas civilizações, seja em decorrência da preservação pela própria natureza, como consequência da embriogenia nucelar. Os frutos cítricos variam em tamanho, desde os relativamente muito pequenos àqueles muito grandes. Dentre os menores encontram-se os kumquats (Fortunella spp.) e as limas ácidas [C. aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle], cujas dimensões dificilmente ultrapassam 5 cm. No extremo oposto estão as toranjas [C. maxima (Burm.) Merr.] e as cidras (C. medica L.), que podem atingir 30 cm em diâmetro ou comprimento.

The impact of conifer plantation forestry on the ecology of peatland lakes

Blanket bog lakes are a characteristic feature of blanket bog habitats and harbour many rare and threatened invertebrate species. Despite their potential conservation value, however, very little is known about their physico-chemical or biological characteristics in western Europe, and their reference conditions are still unknown in Ireland. Furthermore, they are under considerable threat in Ireland from a number of sources, particularly afforestation of their catchments by exotic conifers. Plantation forestry can potentially lead to the increased input of substances including hydrogen ions (H+), plants nutrients, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), heavy metals and sediment. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of conifer plantation forestry on the hydrochemistry and ecology of blanket bog lakes in western Ireland. Lake hydrochemistry, littoral Chydoridae (Cladocera) and littoral macroinvertebrate communities were compared among replicate lakes selected from three distinct catchment land use categories: i) unplanted blanket bog only present in the catchment, ii) mature (closed-canopy) conifer plantation forests only present in the catchment and iii) catchments containing mature conifer plantation forests with recently clearfelled areas. All three catchment land uses were replicated across two geologies: sandstone and granite. Lakes with afforested catchments across both geologies had elevated concentrations of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), total dissolved organic carbon (TDOC), aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe), with the highest concentrations of each parameter recorded from lakes with catchment clearfelling. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were also significantly reduced in the afforested lakes, particularly the clearfell lakes. This change in lake hydrochemistry was associated with profound changes in lake invertebrate communities. Within the chydorid communities, the dominance of Alonopsis elongata in the unplanted blanket bog lakes shifted to dominance by the smaller bodied Chydorus sphaericus, along with Alonella nana, Alonella excisa and Alonella exigua, in the plantation forestry-affected lakes, consistent with a shift in lake trophy. Similarly, there was marked changes in the macroinvertebrate communities, especially for the Coleoptera and Heteroptera assemblages which revealed increased taxon richness and abundance in the nutrient-enriched lakes. In terms of conservation status, despite having the greatest species-quality scores (SQS) and species richness, three of the four International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red-listed species of Coleoptera and Odonata recorded during the study were absent from lakes subject to catchment clearfelling. The relative strengths of bottom-up (forestry-mediated nutrient enrichment) and top-down (fish) forces in structuring littoral macroinvertebrate communities was investigated in a separate study. Nutrient enrichment was shown to be the dominant force acting on communities, with fish having a lesser influence. These results confirmed that plantation forestry poses the single greatest threat to the conservation status of blanket bog lakes in western Ireland. The findings of this study have major implications for the management of afforested peatlands. Further research is required on blanket bog lakes to prevent any further plantation forestry-mediated habitat deterioration of this rare and protected habitat.

Caracterización y evaluación del germoplasma nativo de quínoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) del Noroeste Argentino en base a atributos morfológicos y agronómicos

La información generada en la caracterización y evaluación de las colecciones de germoplasma permite conocer el tipo de material genético que se conserva en el banco. Esta tesis aborda la caracterización morfológica, la evaluación fenológica y los patrones de interacción genotipo × ambiente (G × A) para rendimiento en grano, sus determinantes fisiológicos y componentes numéricos de un conjunto de poblaciones del germoplasma nativo de quínoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) del Noroeste Argentino, combinando localidades y años en tres ecorregiones de cultivo. Los resultados mostraron que el germoplasma es altamente diverso a nivel fenotípico, reflejando variación en el ambiente de origen. Se observó amplia variación en el tiempo a floración entre poblaciones y ambientes evaluados y el patrón de respuesta fue coherente con una adaptación fotoperiódica cuantitativa a días cortos. Los efectos del fotoperíodo fueron más importantes en las poblaciones cultivadas a menor altitud, mientras que la temperatura lo fue para las poblaciones cultivadas a mayor altitud. Por otro lado, de acuerdo al tamaño y naturaleza de las interacciones G x A, se necesita de estrategias de mejoramiento y evaluación estructuradas para acomodar sus efectos, ya sea evitándolas o explotándolas. El análisis de agrupamiento sobre la matriz estandarizada de rendimiento reveló cuatro grupos genotípicos con diferentes patrones de respuesta a través de dos grupos ambientales (altiplano vs. valles interandinos), siendo esta clasificación congruente con la basada en atributos morfo-fenológicos. Los determinantes fisiológicos y componentes numéricos influyeron sobre las respuestas genotípicas para rendimiento en los dos mega-ambientes. Los resultados indican que el desempeño promedio de las poblaciones para tiempo a floración tuvo una influencia determinante sobre la biomasa aérea y el número de granos, y ambos a su vez sobre el rendimiento. Por lo tanto, esta tesis destaca el rol de la fenología en la adaptación genotípica de quínoa a las diferentes condiciones agroecológicas del NOA

Digital Forestry: A white paper

Digital Forestry has been proposed as “the science, technology, and art of systematically acquiring, integrating, analyzing, and applying digital information to support sustainable forests.” Although rooted in traditional forestry disciplines, Digital Forestry draws from a host of other fields that, in the past few decades, have become important for implementing the concept of forest ecosystem management and the principle of sustainable forestry. Digital Forestry is a framework that links all facets of forestry information at local, national, and global levels through an organized digital network. It is anticipated that a new set of principles will be established when practicing Digital Forestry concept for the evolution of forestry education, research, and practices as the 21st century unfolds.

The Richit-Richards family of distributions and its use in forestry

Johnson's SB and the logit-logistic are four-parameter distribution models that may be obtained from the standard normal and logistic distributions by a four-parameter transformation. For relatively small data sets, such as diameter at breast height measurements obtained from typical sample plots, distribution models with four or less parameters have been found to be empirically adequate. However, in situations in which the distributions are complex, for example in mixed stands or when the stand has been thinned or when working with aggregated data, then distribution models with more shape parameters may prove to be necessary. By replacing the symmetric standard logistic distribution of the logit-logistic with a one-parameter “standard Richards” distribution and transforming by a five-parameter Richards function, we obtain a new six-parameter distribution model, the “Richit-Richards”. The Richit-Richards includes the “logit-Richards”, the “Richit-logistic”, and the logit-logistic as submodels. Maximum likelihood estimation is used to fit the model, and some problems in the maximum likelihood estimation of bounding parameters are discussed. An empirical case study of the Richit-Richards and its submodels is conducted on pooled diameter at breast height data from 107 sample plots of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.). It is found that the new models provide significantly better fits than the four-parameter logit-logistic for large data sets.

Theoretical and spatial limits to the value of rural environmental benefits: Evidence from the forestry sector

The valuation of environmental benefits has been well researched in the forestry sector. This is not generally the case in the agriculture sector although schemes to compensate farmers for provision of officially defined environmental benefits are already in place throughout the European Union. This paper draws on empirical findings from forestry and deductions from economic theory to challenge the notion of the universality of such benefits. Empirical findings from forestry suggest recreational use value is location specific rather than widely spread. Household utility theory predicts zero willingness to pay to maintain the status quo level of a previously unpaid for environmental benefit (when provision is not perceived as under risk) but a positive willingness to pay for an increase. Thus, non use values cannot be attributed to the major part of existing commercial forestry area but to spatially restricted schemes such as additional afforestation or preservation of ancient natural woodlands.