Morphometric analysis of a population of diplopods of the genus Rhinocricus Karsch, 1881

Diplopods belonging to the subclass Helminthomorpha may present one or both leg pairs of the seventh diplosegment modified into structures that aid copulation, called gonopods. These structures are used as a taxonomic trait for the description of most species. In the genus Rhinocricus these structures are closely similar, so that it is difficult to distinguish species only on the basis of this trait. Two species, R. padbergi and R. varians, are found in the same habitat and present gonopods practically identical in shape; together they present a broad colour gradient, ranging from dark brown to light beige. Morphometric data for individuals of the experimental group were submitted to ANOVA and MANOVA, using Hotelling-Lawley Trace and generalized Mahalanobis distances (D 2) tests. The results demonstrated a relationship between size and colour, with darker individuals being larger. On the basis of this preliminary analysis, we may suggest that the two species are distinct since dark individuals are distant from medium- and light-coloured individuals according to the D 2 values. This seems to indicate a possible polymorphism of individuals belonging to R. padbergi which present close proximity in the values obtained. In all analyses, we observed that the main variables were diameter, length and telson size.

Morphometry of the sexual forms of Acromyrmex subterraneus brunneus Forel, 1911 (Hym., Formicidae) in queenright and queenless laboratory colonies

A morphometric study was performed on the sexual forms of Acromyrmex subterraneus brunneus in colonies kept under laboratory conditions. The males studied were obtained from queenright and queenless colonies, i.e. they were produced by either the queen or the workers. Cluster analysis revealed a wide distribution in the size of the sexual forms produced in queenless colonies compared with queenright colonies, and that some of the worker-produced males were significantly smaller than those produced in queenright colonies. However, we found no indication that the males produced in queenless colonies are unable to mate, as smaller and larger males had identical genitalia that varied only in size, and therefore probably represent an alternative route of reproduction in this species. © 2005 Blackwell Verlag.

Rough virulent strain of Brucella ovis induces pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in reproductive tissues in experimentally infected rams

The ovine brucellosis caused by Brucella ovis has tropism for reproductive tissues but until now the mechanism of bacterial persistence is not understood. Cytokine expression profiles were studied for 8 months in rams after being experimentally infected with the rough virulent strain of B. ovis (R- B. ovis) to study the pathogenesis of B. ovis and immune mechanism possibly associated to bacteria tropism and persistence. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, interferon-γ (INF-γ) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) cytokines were quantified by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) in reproductive tissues (epididymus, testicles, ampolae, vesicular glands and bulbourethral glands), and non-reproductive (liver, spleen and kidneys) tissues at 30, 60, 120 and 240 days post infection (dpi). During the acute phase of infection at 30. dpi, the host immune response was most notable demonstrating an up-regulation of several cytokines in reproductive tissues, including the epididymus (IL-6, IL-1β and IL-1α), testicles (INF-γ and IL-12), bulbourethral glands (IL-6 and TNF-α) and ampolae (INF-γ, IL-10, IL-1β and IL-1α). During the development of infection, cytokine gene expression levels decreased, providing evidence of immunosuppression and evidence of immune evasion that favoured persistence of chronic R- B. ovis infection. During the chronic phase of R- B. ovis infection (120 and 240. dpi), cytokine production was down-regulated in the epididymus (IL-1β and IL-1α), testicles (INF-γ and IL-12), and ampolae (INF-γ, IL-10, IL-1β and IL-1α), with the exception of the bulbourethral glands (IL-6 and TNF-α) and epididymus (IL-6); in these tissues, R- B. ovis infection resulted in up-regulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Herein, we report cytokine expression profiles in tissues of rams experimentally infected with the rough strain of B. ovis, which are associated with bacterial persistence and macrophage activation. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

The reproductive cycle of the male sleep snake Sibynomorphus mikanii (Schlegel, 1837) from southeastern brazil

This study describes the male reproductive cycle of Sibynomorphus mikanii from southeastern Brazil considering macroscopic and microscopic variables. Spermatogenesis occurs during spring-summer (September-December) and spermiogenesis or maturation occurs in summer (December-February). The length and width of the kidney, the tubular diameter, and the epithelium height of the sexual segment of the kidney (SSK) are larger in summer-autumn (December-May). Histochemical reaction of the SSK [periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and bromophenol blue (BB)] shows stronger results during summer-autumn, indicating an increase in the secretory activity of the granules. Testicular regression is observed in autumn and early winter (March-June) when a peak in the width of the ductus deferens occurs. The distal ductus deferens as well as the ampulla ductus deferentis exhibit secretory activities with positive reaction for PAS and BB. These results suggest that this secretion may nourish the spermatozoa while they are being stored in the ductus deferens. The increase in the Leydig cell nuclear diameter in association with SSK hypertrophy and the presence of sperm in the female indicate that the mating season occurs in autumn when testes begin to decrease their activity. The peak activity of Leydig cells and SSK exhibits an associated pattern with the mating season. However, spermatogenesis is dissociated of the copulation characterizing a complex reproductive cycle. At the individual level, S. mikanii males present a continuous cyclical reproductive pattern in the testes and kidneys (SSK), whereas at the populational level the reproductive pattern may be classified as seasonal semisynchronous. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Structure, histochemistry and ultrastructure of the male reproductive accessory glands in the neotropical flat-faced fruit-eating bat Artibeus planirostris (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

Chiroptera, the second largest mammalian order, presents different reproductive strategies and unique reproductive features. However, there are few reports regarding male reproductive accessory glands (RAGs) in Chiroptera. Thus, the aim of the present study was to characterise the RAGs of the exclusively neotropical bat Artibeus planirostris (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) macroscopically, microscopically and ultrastructurally. The RAGs were composed of a prostatic complex with two regions (ventral and dorsal) and paraurethral and bulbourethral glands, but no seminal vesicles. The ventral region had an undefined epithelium, with secretory and basal cells, and its secretions were periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive. The dorsal region received both deferens ducts, had a columnar pseudostratified epithelium with secretory and basal cells. There were two types of secretions from the dorsal region: one that was basophilic and another that was mixed PAS positive and PAS negative. The paraurethral glands were dispersed in the connective tissue of the urethra, whereas the bulbourethral glands were located in the penile root. Histological and ultrastructural data confirmed the prostatic nature of the ventral and dorsal regions and the holocrine nature of the ventral region, with the latter finding never having been described previously for the prostate gland. Our findings demonstrate the wide discrepancy of RAGs between A. planirostris and other mammals in terms of their composition, structure and morphology. © CSIRO 2013.

Progesterone restores the female prostate activity in ovariectomized gerbil and may act as competitor of testosterone in intraprostatic environment

Aims Little is known about the effect of progesterone on gerbil female prostate. It is known that normal oscillation in the progesterone and estradiol levels during the estrous cycle phases influence the morphophysiology of this gland. The present study aims to evaluate the isolated effect of prolonged administration of progesterone combined or not with testosterone on the prostate of ovariectomized female gerbil. Main methods To observe the morphological changes caused by castration in the prostate of different groups stereologic analyses of all prostate compartments, analysis of nuclear area and perimeter, and morphometric measurements of epithelial and smooth muscle cells layers were used. In addition, immunocytochemistry was performed to investigate the distribution of the androgen, estrogen alfa and beta and progesterone receptors in different prostatic compartments. Key findings This study demonstrated that both treatments partially recovered the structure of the gland. In the group treated with progesterone plus testosterone a higher incidence of epithelial and stromal disorders occurred, besides the absence of secretory activity. Thus, treatment only with progesterone showed better results in the restoration of glandular homeostasis mainly seen by the regulation of the secretory activity. Significance Collectively, the findings of this study indicate that progesterone may have a significant role on the maintenance of prostate morphophysiology, and showed an interesting evidence of hormonal competition between progesterone and testosterone. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.

Macroscopic and Microscopic findings in a set of congenital anomalies in two calves produced through in Vitro production

In vitro production and somatic cell nuclear transfer are biotechnologies widely used for breeding cattle, although may result in congenital anomalies. This paper aims to report a set of congenital anomalies in two Nelore calves, a male and a female, produced through in vitro fertilization. The major anomalies revealed at necropsy were hypospadias, bifid scrotum, atresia ani and rectum ending in blind pouch in the male calf. In the female calf accessory spleen, atresia ani, underdevelopment of extern genitalia and urethral orifice, and rectum ending in blind pouch forming a uterus-rectum fistula were observed.

Caracterização citogenética de populações de crisopídeos (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) de ocorrência em Jaboticabal, SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo de sete espécies de Rhodnius (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) por meio de dois genes nucleares e um mitocondrial

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Predição da precocidade sexual na pré e puberdade, através de escores visuais de conformação, precocidade e musculosidade em fêmeas da raça Nelore

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Caracterização de duas linhagens simpátricas de Atta laevigata

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Palavrões ou palavras: um estudo com educadoras/es sobre sinônimos usados na denominação de temas relacionados ao sexo

Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

Espécies de crisopídeos (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) da Venezuela

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise cladística e descrição de um grupo novo de espécies de Edessa (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae)

A subordem Heteroptera, é o maior táxon dentre os hemimetábolos, composta por sete infraordens, 23 superfamílias e 80 famílias. Dentre estas, Pentatomidae é a quarta família mais numerosa e diversa entre os heterópteros, possuindo 4.100 espécies distribuídas em 760 gêneros e em sete subfamílias. Edessinae possui atualmente cerca de 290 espécies distribuídas em seis gêneros: Edessa, Brachystethus, Peromatus, Olbia, Pantochlora e Doesburgedessa. De todos estes gêneros, Edessa é o que possui o maior número de espécies e o que concentra quase a totalidade dos problemas taxonômicos e nomenclaturas da subfamília. Devido ao seu tamanho, a revisão está sendo feita em partes, a partir do estudo de grupos de espécies unidos por possíveis sinapomorfias. Assim o objetivo geral do trabalho é propor e descrever um novo grupo de espécies com base em uma análise cladística. Para o estudo foram examinados 114 exemplares pertencentes a instituições nacionais e internacionais e a coleções particulares. As descrições seguem um modelo tradicional também usado para Edessinae. São apresentadas medidas e fotografias das espécies, desenhos do processo metasternal e genitália de ambos os sexos, chave dicotômica e mapa de distribuição. Para a analise cladística, foram levantados 22 caracteres morfológicos polarizados através do método do grupo externo, composto pelas espécies: Tibilis sp., Neotibilis fulvicornis, Brachystethus cribrus, Pantochlora vivida, Olbia elegans, Peromatus sp., Doesburgedessa elongatispina, Edessa cervus e Edessa affinis. Através do programa NONA foi obtida uma única árvore mais parcimoniosa, com 30 passos, índice de Consistência de 0,93 e índice de Retenção de 0,97. Com base nessa análise, o monofiletismo do grupo de espécie é confirmado. Assim, o grupo stolida aqui proposto é formado por quatro espécies já descritas Edessa stolida (Linnaeus, 1758), Edessa heymonsi Breddin, 1904, Edessa verhoeffi Breddin, 1904 e Edessa paravinula Barber, 1935 e por cinco espécies novas. O grupo stolida de Edessa é reconhecido pela presença de uma expansão que se projeta da margem lateral da face posterior do segmento X; região mediana do parâmero com uma projeção de formato triangular; ausência de uma faixa ou de tufo de pelos na face posterior do segmento X e gonapófise 8 esclerotizada. As espécies do grupo stolida são muito parecidas externamente e sua identificação só pode ser feita através da análise da genitália externa de ambos os sexos. A análise cladística apóia a idéia tradicional e o grupo stolida deve ser considerado parte do subgênero Hypoxys de Edessa. A topologia do cladograma resultante é (Tibilis sp. + Neotibilis fulvicornis (Brachystethus cribus (Pantochlora vivida ((Doesbuergedessa elongatispina + Edessa cervus (Peromatus sp. + Olbia elegans)) (Edessa affinis ((Edessa sp. nov 3 + Edessa sp. nov 3a) ((Edessa sp. nov 2 (Edessa verhoeffi + Edessa heymonsi)) (Edessa stolida (Edessa sp. nov 4 (Edessa paravinula + Edessa sp. nov 5))))))))). A fêmea de Edessa stolida e o macho de Edessa verhoeffi são descritos pela primeira vez neste trabalho. Os registros de distribuição das espécies são ampliados.

Proposição e descrição das espécies do grupo Edessa pallida, Dallas, 1851 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae)

Pentatomidae é a quarta maior família dentro de Heteroptera sendo composta por 760 gêneros e 4700 espécies. Esta família tem distribuição mundial, mas as subfamílias Cyrtocorinae, iscocephalinae e Edessinae são exclusivas da região Neotropical. Dentre as subfamílias de Pentatomidae, Edessinae é uma das que apresenta o maior número de problemas taxonômicos e nomenclaturais, concentrados basicamente no gênero Edessa. Edessinae é um táxon megadiverso (cerca de 280 espécies conhecidas e mais de 350 desconhecidas da ciência) e formada atualmente por cinco gêneros: Edessa (259 espécies descritas), Olbia (5), Pantochlora (1), Peromatus (7) e Brachystethus (10). O estudo atual de Edessa é feito através da organização de exemplares em grupos de espécies morfologicamente semelhantes. Este trabalho segue esta linha com a proposição do grupo Edessa pallida. Este grupo é baseado em características morfológicas externas como a forma afunilada do corpo, padrão de pontuação do corpo, reticulação das asas, padrão de manchas no abdome, bem como características da genitália dos machos. As espécies incluídas neste grupo são Edessa pallida Dallas, 1851, Edessa inscripta Walker, 1868 e Edessa polymita Distant, 1890, além de cinco espécies novas para ciência. O número total de exemplares examinados neste trabalho foi 70 indivíduos pertencentes a 12 coleções nacionais e estrangeiras. As espécies foram descritas, ilustradas e medidas seguindo um padrão adotado para a família. As espécies já conhecidas tiveram suas distribuições geográficas ampliadas. A sp. nov. 1 foi descrita de exemplares provenientes do Suriname, Guiana Francesa e Brasil; a sp. nov. 2 da Guiana e Brasil; a sp. nov. 3 do Brasil; a sp. nov. 4 da Guiana Francesa; e a sp. nov. 5 da Guiana, Suriname. Guiana Francesa e Brasil. Uma chave de identificação e um mapa com a distribuição geográfica das espécies são apresentados.