934 resultados para GRASS GIS


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Due to water scarcity, it is important to organize and regulate water resources utilization to satisfy the conflicting water demands and needs. This paper aims to describe a comprehensive methodology for managing the water sector of a defined urbanized region, using the robust capabilities of a Geographic Information System (GIS). The proposed methodology is based on finding alternatives to cover the gap between recent supplies and future demands. Nablus which is a main governorate located in the north of West Bank, Palestine, was selected as case study because this area is classified as arid to semi-arid area. In fact, GIS integrates hardware, software, and data for capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographic information. The resulted plan of Nablus represents an example of the proposed methodology implementation and a valid framework for the elaboration of a water master plan.

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El desarrollo de actividades industriales, contribuye cada vez más a la generación de residuos con elementos potencialmente tóxicos que en concentraciones altas (fijadas por ley nacional 24051) pueden tener efectos nocivos a la salud de la población y afectaciones al equilibrio ecológico y el ambiente. Hoy existen estudios tendientes a resolver la contaminación originada por metales pesados en suelos, mediante estrategias basadas en el uso de plantas que tienen la propiedad de acumular metales pesados; proceso denominado “fitoremediación” que consiste en la remoción, transferencia, estabilización y/o degradación y neutralización de compuestos orgánicos, inorgánicos y radioactivos que resultan tóxicos en suelos y agua. Esta novedosa tecnología tiene como objetivo degradar y/o asimilar, los metales pesados, presentes en el suelo, lo cual tiene muchas ventajas con respecto a los métodos convencionales de tratamientos de lugares contaminados; en 1º lugar es una tecnología económica, de bajo costo, en 2º lugar posee un impacto regenerativo en lugares en donde se aplica y en 3º lugar su capacidad extractiva se mantiene debido al crecimiento vegetal (Harvey et al., 2002). La fitoremediación no es un remedio para todos los suelos contaminados y antes que esta tecnología pueda volverse técnicamente eficiente y económicamente viable, hay algunas limitaciones que necesitan ser superadas como por ejemplo la falta de pruebas a escala industrial (Freitas et al., 2004). Para la realización del trabajo se utilizarán las instalaciones de la empresa FACSA S.A ubicada en Avda. De las Quintas y De los Hornos de barrio villa Esquiú de Córdoba, empresa operadora de residuos de plomo autorizada por la Secretaría de Ambiente de la Provincia de Córdoba. Se utilizarán dos hectáreas de terreno de la empresa en la que se acumulará un máximo 1 metro cúbico por cada metro cuadrado de superficie. Previamente al deposito de suelo contaminado, el terreno será impermeabilizado con suelo cemento y cal para evitar lixiviaciones de plomo y luego se cercará para evitar ingreso de personal no autorizado. En las hectáreas preparadas se aplicarán capas sucesivas de suelo contaminado con suelo natural en la mitad del terreno y en la otra mitad capaz sucesivas de suelo contaminado y suelo fertilizado con lombricompuesto, ambos sectores serán sembrados con pasto Rye Grass. Durante el proceso se medirá la concentración de Pb por FRX cada tres meses, en tres profundidades para cada preparados de campo. Las muestras serán compuestas y se corresponderán a un mínimo de 5 puntos para cada profundidad. Lo mismo se realizará para medir la concentración de Pb en el pasto. Las cosechas o cortes de pasto serán trimestrales y el pasto cortado se recogerá, secará e incinerará en el propio horno de FACSA S.A. Se evaluarán las siguientes variables. Salinidad: Se realizará antes y al final del año, tomando muestras compuestas de 100g de suelo c/u a las cuales se le agregarán 100 ml de agua destilada, se deja reposar y luego se toma la lectura con la ayuda de un conductímetro calibrado. Acumulación de Pb en tejido vegetal: Se considerará como variable principal la acumulación de Pb en tejido vegetal, ya que integra tanto el grado de absorción del metal por las plantas, así como el efecto negativo que las concentraciones excesivas del metal sobre la producción de materia seca. Para el estudio de esta variable, se captarán y prepararán muestras trimestrales. Secado y protocolo para el análisis de Pb por FRX. Pb en Suelo:Esta variable se examinará trimestralmente, mediante mezcla compuesta de cada sector tomada como mínimo en cinco puntos. Se tomarán muestras a tres profundidades distintas. Ph en Suelo:Se tomarán partes de las muestras para análsis de ph. El experimento culminará a los dos años con análisis de las 9 tandas de mediciones (La 1º corresponde a la determinación de la línea de base). Se realizará la prospección para determinar el momento de perfecta recuperación del suelo.

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La present memòria és el resultat del Projecte final del Màster en Tecnologia de la Informació Geogràfica, realitzat en la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, curs 2007-2009. Aquest document és per a il•lustrar el treball realitzat en a l'empresa Auding en conjunt en col•laboració amb la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. L'objectiu del projecte va ser és la creació de noves funcionalitats per a un GIS corporatiu d'una empresa de distribució d'aigua en alta. Aquest GIS és estratègic, doncs ja que permet millorar el tractament de la informació, la difusió de les dades, la planificació i la presa de decisions corporatiu.

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El present document exposa el projecte final del dotzè Màster en Tecnologies de la Informació Geogràfica, fruit de la col·laboració entre el Departament de Geografia de la UAB i el Consorci del Parc de Collserola. Amb la finalitat de gestionar millor la informació espacial del Parc Natural, i amb l’objectiu de difondre al màxim llur patrimoni natural i humà, desenvolupem un GIS web mitjançant APIs de Google, i en el present treball descric des de l’elaboració de cartografia, fins a la migració i integració d’aquesta informació al web corporatiu fent ús de la programació ASP i Javascript

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Estudi teòric sobre els Sistemes d'Informació Geogràfica (GIS) i sobre les especificacions que està publicant el Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) com estàndards oberts que permetin les comunicacions entre distints GIS.

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El present projecte se centrarà en l'aplicació dels SIG a la prevenció dels incendis forestals a Catalunya. En concret en la localització de zones òptimes per a la instal lació de tallafocs, mitjançant la utilització dels programes lliures gvSIG i Sextant, a més de la base de dades (BDD) espacial PostgreeSQL / PostGIS.

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Aquest treball fi de carrera es basa en un estudi i posterior aplicació dels sistemes d'informació geogràfica (GIS), branca que pertany a l'àrea de les bases de dades.

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Asexual lineages can derive from sexual ancestors via different mechanisms and at variable rates, which affects the diversity of the asexual population and thereby its ecological success. We investigated the variation and evolution of reproductive systems in Aptinothrips, a genus of grass thrips comprising four species. Extensive population surveys and breeding experiments indicated sexual reproduction in A. elegans, asexuality in A. stylifer and A. karnyi, and both sexual and asexual lineages in A. rufus. Asexuality in A. stylifer and A. rufus coincides with a worldwide distribution, with sexual A. rufus lineages confined to a limited area. Inference of molecular phylogenies and antibiotic treatment revealed different causes of asexuality in different species. Asexuality in A. stylifer and A. karnyi has most likely genetic causes, while it is induced by endosymbionts in A. rufus. Endosymbiont-community characterization revealed presence of Wolbachia, and lack of other bacteria known to manipulate host reproduction. However, only 69% asexual A. rufus females are Wolbachia-infected, indicating that either an undescribed endosymbiont causes asexuality in this species or that Wolbachia was lost in several lineages that remained asexual. These results open new perspectives for studies on the maintenance of mixed sexual and asexual reproduction in natural populations.

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Nowadays, when a user is planning a touristic route is very difficult to find out which are the best places to visit. The user has to choose considering his/her preferences due to the great quantity of information it is possible to find in the web and taking into account it is necessary to do a selection, within small time because there is a limited time to do a trip. In Itiner@ project, we aim to implement Semantic Web technology combined with Geographic Information Systems in order to offer personalized touristic routes around a region based on user preferences and time situation. Using ontologies it is possible to link, structure, share data and obtain the result more suitable for user's preferences and actual situation with less time and more precisely than without ontologies. To achieve these objectives we propose a web page combining a GIS server and a touristic ontology. As a step further, we also study how to extend this technology on mobile devices due to the raising interest and technological progress of these devices and location-based services, which allows the user to have all the route information on the hand when he/she does a touristic trip. We design a little application in order to apply the combination of GIS and Semantic Web in a mobile device.

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City Audit Report

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Background: There is growing evidence that traffic-related air pollution reduces birth weight. Improving exposure assessment is a key issue to advance in this research area.Objective: We investigated the effect of prenatal exposure to traffic-related air pollution via geographic information system (GIS) models on birth weight in 570 newborns from the INMA (Environment and Childhood) Sabadell cohort.Methods: We estimated pregnancy and trimester-specific exposures to nitrogen dioxide and aromatic hydrocarbons [benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylene, and o-xylene (BTEX)] by using temporally adjusted land-use regression (LUR) models. We built models for NO2 and BTEX using four and three 1-week measurement campaigns, respectively, at 57 locations. We assessed the relationship between prenatal air pollution exposure and birth weight with linear regression models. We performed sensitivity analyses considering time spent at home and time spent in nonresidential outdoor environments during pregnancy.Results: In the overall cohort, neither NO2 nor BTEX exposure was significantly associated with birth weight in any of the exposure periods. When considering only women who spent < 2 hr/day in nonresidential outdoor environments, the estimated reductions in birth weight associated with an interquartile range increase in BTEX exposure levels were 77 g [95% confidence interval (CI), 7–146 g] and 102 g (95% CI, 28–176 g) for exposures during the whole pregnancy and the second trimester, respectively. The effects of NO2 exposure were less clear in this subset.Conclusions: The association of BTEX with reduced birth weight underscores the negative role of vehicle exhaust pollutants in reproductive health. Time–activity patterns during pregnancy complement GIS-based models in exposure assessment.

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Winter maintenance, particularly snow removal and the stress of snow removal materials on public structures, is an enormous budgetary burden on municipalities and nongovernmental maintenance organizations in cold climates. Lately, geospatial technologies such as remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), and decision support tools are roviding a valuable tool for planning snow removal operations. A few researchers recently used geospatial technologies to develop winter maintenance tools. However, most of these winter maintenance tools, while having the potential to address some of these information needs, are not typically placed in the hands of planners and other interested stakeholders. Most tools are not constructed with a nontechnical user in mind and lack an easyto-use, easily understood interface. A major goal of this project was to implement a web-based Winter Maintenance Decision Support System (WMDSS) that enhances the capacity of stakeholders (city/county planners, resource managers, transportation personnel, citizens, and policy makers) to evaluate different procedures for managing snow removal assets optimally. This was accomplished by integrating geospatial analytical techniques (GIS and remote sensing), the existing snow removal asset management system, and webbased spatial decision support systems. The web-based system was implemented using the ESRI ArcIMS ActiveX Connector and related web technologies, such as Active Server Pages, JavaScript, HTML, and XML. The expert knowledge on snow removal procedures is gathered and integrated into the system in the form of encoded business rules using Visual Rule Studio. The system developed not only manages the resources but also provides expert advice to assist complex decision making, such as routing, optimal resource allocation, and monitoring live weather information. This system was developed in collaboration with Black Hawk County, IA, the city of Columbia, MO, and the Iowa Department of transportation. This product was also demonstrated for these agencies to improve the usability and applicability of the system.

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La novel·la de Günter Grass Unkenrufe, que presenta una visió negativa de la reunificació alemanya en el marc dels conflictes ancestrals entre polonesos i alemanys, ofereix una gran quantitat de dades per a l’estudi del tractament traductor de la dimensió emocional d’un text. Partint d’una anàlisi exhaustiva de tota l’obra, el treball se centra en vint microsegments representatius d’un sentiment i una actitud que guarden correlació: l’enuig i la ironia del narrador envers la història fictícia de la novel·la i la real de l’Alemanya de finals dels vuitanta. L’objectiu és estudiar aquests dos aspectes centrals de l’obra a les versions catalana i castellana d’Unkenrufe i determinar, per mitjà de la detecció i anàlisi de les divergències d’intensitat, si les traduccions reforcen, atenuen o mantenen l’enuig i la ironia del narrador. Els resultats de l’anàlisi, que aplica eines lexicogràfiques i corpus d’ús de la llengua, apunten cap a una tendència del narrador de la traducció castellana a mostrar-se menys irònic.

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Cite this as: J. Wassenberg, S. Nutten, R. Audran, N. Barbier, V. Aubert, J. Moulin, A. Mercenier and F. Spertini, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 565-573. SUMMARY: Background Probiotics have been associated with prevention and improvement of symptoms in atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis. However, few studies exist that document their efficacy for upper airways allergies such as allergic rhinitis. Objective To investigate the effect of short-term oral administration of Lactobacillus paracasei ST11 on a nasal provocation test (NPT) with grass pollen. Methods Thirty-one adult volunteers with allergic rhinitis were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, based on two 4-week cross-over periods of product consumption (ST11-fermented milk vs. placebo), separated by a wash-out period of 6-8 weeks. Objective and subjective clinical parameters of NPT as well as systemic and nasal immunological parameters were compared between the two treatment periods (registration number: NCT 011 50 253). Results Subjects that received ST11-fermented milk had lower nasal congestion than subjects under placebo (visual analogical scale; P<0.05). Nasal pruritus followed the same trend. However, no significant change in combined nasal reaction threshold was observed between the two periods. IL-5 secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum allergen-specific IgG4 were significantly lower in ST11-fermented milk group compared to placebo group. IL-8 and IL-10 secretion followed the same trend. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance Short-term treatment with ST11-fermented milk before NPT significantly improved a clinical marker of NPT (subjective nasal congestion) and down-regulated systemic immune markers (IL-5 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum IgG4). These data strongly suggest that probiotics may down modulate key parameters of allergic rhinitis and warrant future evaluation in seasonal trials.