Structural study of a series of synthetic goethites obtained in aqueous solutions containing cadmium(II) ions

The capacity of goethite for Cd-II substitution has been explored in a series of synthetic samples prepared from Fe-III and Cd-II nitrate solutions aged 21 days in alkaline media. The total metal content ([ Fe] + [ Cd]) was 0.071 M in all preparations. The samples have been characterized by chemical and X-ray diffraction analysis; the morphology of the solids is described. The cell parameters for all samples were obtained by the Rietveld fits to the X-ray diffraction data. Refined structures show that for samples prepared at the final molar ratio mu(Cd)less than or equal to5.50 (expressed as mu(Cd) = 100X[Cd]/[Cd] + [Fe]), a (Cd, Fe)-goethite is the only crystalline product. In these samples, the unit cell parameters increased as a function of Cd concentration, indicating Cd incorporation in the structural frame. At the preparative ratio, mu(Cd)=7.03, the incorporation of Cd in the goethite structure is drastically reduced and a probable Cd-substituted hematite is formed together with the Fe,Cd-goethite. (C) 2003 International Centre for Diffraction Data.

Magnetic properties of acicular Fe1-xREx (RE = Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb; x=0, 0.05, 0.10) metallic nanoparticles

Acicular monodispersed Fe1-xREx (RE= Nd, Sm,Eu,Tb;x=0, 0.05, 0.10) metallic nanoparticles (60 +/- 5 nm in length and axial ratio similar to6) obtained by reduction of alumina-coated goethite nanoparticles-containing rare earth (RE) under hydrogen flow are reported. Alumina and maghemite thin layers on particle surface were used to protect the goethite particles against sintering and oxidation, respectively. Al and RE additions were obtained by successive heterocoagulation reactions. Aluminum sulfate (10 at.% based on Fe) was dissolved in water and the pH adjusted to 12.5 with NaOH solution. Goethite particles were suspended in this solution and CO2 gas was blown into the slurry to neutralize it to a pH 8.5 or less. Particles were purified and dehydrated to effect transformation to alumina-coated hematite nanoparticles, which were re-suspended in aqueous solution in which RE sulfate (0-0.15 at.% based on Fe) has been dissolved, and the pH increased by ammonia aqueous solution addition. Resulted alumina-coated RE-doped hematite nanoparticles were reduced to metal at 450 degreesC/12 h under hydrogen flow and passivated with nitrogen-containing ethanol vapor at room temperature. Acicular monodispersed metallic nanoparticle systems were obtained and the presence of Al and RE were confirmed by induced-coupled plasma spectrometry analysis. X-ray diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and magnetization data are in agreement with the nanosized alpha-Fe core in a bcc structure, having a spinel structure, gammaFe(2)O(3), with thickness similar to1.5 run on particle surface. Main magnetic parameters showed saturation magnetization decreases and significant increasing in the coercive field with the RE composition increases. Magnetic properties of these particles, similar to40% smaller than those commercially available, suggest a decrease in the bit-size for high-density magnetic or magneto-optics recording media application. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Ceramic raw materials from the State of Maranhao, Brazil. Part 1: chemical and mineralogical characterization and technological properties of clays from Sao Luis, Rosario, Pinheiro and Mirinzal

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Synthesis and electrochemical behavior of single-crystal magnetite nanoparticles

Water-dispersed magnetite nanoparticle synthesis from iron(II) chloride in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-water solution at different DMSO-water ratios in alkaline medium was reported. TEM and XRD results suggest a single-crystal formation with mean particle size in the range 4-27 nm. Magnetic nanoparticles are formed by the oxidative hydrolysis reaction from green rust species that leads to FeOOH formation, followed by autocatalysis of the adsorbed available Fe(II) on the FeOOH surfaces. The available hydroxyl groups seem to be dependent on the DMSO-water ratio due to strong molecular interactions presented by the solvent mixture. Goethite phase on the magnetite surface was observed by XRD data only for sample synthesized in the absence of DMSO. In addition, cyclic voltammetry with carbon paste electroactive electrode (CV-CPEE) results reveal two reduction peaks near 0 and +400 mV associated with the presence of iron(III) in different chemical environments related to the surface composition of magnetite nanoparticles. The peak near +400 mV is related to a passivate thin layer surface such as goethite on the magnetite nanoparticle, assigned to the intensive hydrolysis reaction due to strong interactions between DMSO-water molecules in the initial solvent mixture that result in a hydroxyl group excess in the medium. Pure magnetite phase was only observed in the samples prepared at 30% (30W) and 80% (80W) water in DMSO in agreement with the structured molecular solvent cluster formation. The goethite phase present on the, magnetite nanoparticle surface like a thin passivate layer only was detectable using CV-CPEE, which is a very efficient, cheap, and powerful tool for surface characterization, and it is able to determine the passivate oxyhydroxide or oxide thin layer presence on the nanoparticle surface.

Geochemical Study of the Itabirite Iron Ores of the Alegria Mine - Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais, Brazil

The iron ores of Alegria mine are composed of itabirites enclosing minor bodies of high-grade ores. The itabirites are classified according to mineralogical composition in five types: martite-rich, goethite-rich, specularite-rich, magnetite-rich and anphibolite-rich ores. The hematites are martite-rich, magnetite-rich, specularite-rich and more rarely, amphibolite-rich. Other classification criteria of the ores are based on the physical properties and the degree of compaction. As such, the itabirites and hematites can be classified as hard, friable and soft types. The mineralogical/textural evolution of the ores is linked to the pressure and temperature conditions that accompanied the tectonic processes in anphibolite facies and the different degrees of subsequent surficial weathering processes. Petrographic and microstructural studies indicate that the magnetite and amphibole bearing itabirites represent the parent rocks that created the other itabirites and that the specularite itabirites and the hard martite types are related to silica dissolution and redeposition in zones of high and low strain. Most of itabirites ores correspond to chert oxide facies banded iron formation, except the goethite and amphibole bearing itabirite that resemble a silicate or oxide-silicate facies with minor carbonate impurities. The great mass and pods of soft martite itabirites are probably shaley oxide facies BIFs with little volcanic contribution. Trace element contents of the Alegria's itabirites show strong dissimilarities with BIFs associated with volcanism (Algoma type), but closely ressemble to the Lake Superior type, with high content in Cr, Co and low V, Ni, Cu and Zn. Although the absolute contents of REE present in the Alegria's itabirites are, in general very low, the pattern when normalised by NASC is similar to the great majority of the Archean and Paleoproterozoic BIFs elsewhere in the world, and characterised by positive Eu anomaly.

Spatial correlation between the composition of the clay fraction and contents of available phosphorus of an Oxisol at hillslope scale

Relief is regarded as the abiotic factor most strongly influencing pedogenic processes at a local scale. The spatial correlations between the composition of the clay fraction (iron - Fe and aluminum - Al oxides, kaolinite and organic matter - OM) and contents of available phosphorus (P) of an Oxisol were evaluated at hillslope scale under sugarcane cultivation. A total of 119 samples were collected at intersection points on a 100. ×. 100. m georeferenced grid of regularly spaced points 10. m apart in the 0.2-0.4. m depth in an area consisting of two landform components namely: component I (an area with a linear hillslope curvature), and component II (one with a concave-convex hillslope curvature). Soil OM and available P contents were subjected to descriptive statistics and geostatistical analyses in order to assess their variability and spatial dependence. All attributes studied were spatially dependent. Available phosphorus had positive spatial correlation with high crystalline goethite, hematite and gibbsite. Identifying small hillslope curvatures is useful with a view to better understanding their relationships with soil organic matter and available phosphorus, as well as kaolinite and Fe and Al oxide attributes. A simple correlation analysis by itself is inadequate to relate attributes, which requires a supplemental, geostatistical technique. © 2012 Elsevier B.V..

Espectros de reflectância difusa como técnica auxiliar na caracterização da emissão de CO2 e atributos do solo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Mineralogia da argila e atributos físicos de um argissolo em curvaturas de relevo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Aumento da disponibilidade de fósforo em solo cultivado com Brachiaria em rotação com soja

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Relações entre mineralogia da argila, suscetibilidade magnética e adsorção de fósforo em latossolos da região de Jaboticabal-SP

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Interações de alguns ácidos orgânicos com minerais e um latossolo vermelho

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Nanopartículas aciculares metálicas de 'Fe', 'Fe''Co', 'Fe''TR' e 'Fe''Co''TR'('TR'='La'-'Tb') para tecnologia avançada de gravação magnética

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Comportamento do mercúrio em perfis de solos do sítio Ilha de Terra-Caxiuanã, Pará

ABSTRACT: Behavior of mercury in soil profiles with archaeological black earth (ABE) and surroundings area (SA) from Sítio Ilha de Terra, Caxiuanã, can provide information on anthropogenic activity of the Amazonian habitat. The samples of ABE and SA soil profiles were submitted to mineralogical chemical (total and sequential) analysis. The data show that the Hg occurs mainly in goethite and kaolinite in the two soil profiles. The highest concentrations of Hg and Fe are observed in the SA profile. These results indicate that the prehistoric human occupation contributed to the decrease of the concentration of Hg in soil ABE from Caxiuanã.

Difração de raios X em minerais de bauxita e análise através de refinamento pelo método de Rietveld

O alumínio metálico é obtido a partir da bauxita, minério de grande importância industrial, composta por um ou mais tipos de hidróxidos de alumínio, acrescido de uma mistura de compostos contendo sílica, óxido de ferro, titânia e aluminossilicatos. Em virtude da variação na concentração relativa desses componentes, em amostras diferentes de bauxita, a determinação qualitativa e quantitativa da composição mineralógica desse minério, tem importância relevante no que se refere à sua aplicação tecnológica, já que esta está diretamente relacionada com o teor desses componentes. Neste trabalho, aplicou-se em oito amostras de bauxita extraídas de uma mina em Paragominas, o processo de refinamento de espectros de difração de raios X pelo método de Rietveld, onde foram identificadas e quantificadas as fases cristalinas: gibbsita, caulinita, goehtita, anatásio, quartzo e hematita. Realizados os refinamentos das amostras, constatou-se que todas apresentavam alto teor de Gibbsita e baixo teor de Goethita o que confere um excelente tipo de bauxita para ser utilizada em processo de extração de alumina.

Comportamento do arsênio em perfis de solos do Sítio Ilha de Terra de Caxiuanã-Pará

Concentrações de arsênio em perfis de solos com terra preta arqueológica (TPA) e solos de área adjacente (AD) do Sítio Ilha de Terra, Caxiuanã, no Estado do Pará, região Amazônica, podem dar informações sobre as atividades antropogênicas dos habitantes dessa região. Análises químicas e mineralógicas foram realizadas nas amostras desses perfis. Os dados obtidos mostram que as concentrações do Fe e As aumentam com a profundidade dos perfis de solos, enquanto que as concentrações de matéria orgânica (MO) decrescem; as concentrações mais elevadas de Fe e As são observadas no perfil AD. Esses resultados indicam interações entre Fe e As e sugerem que a MO nos solos promove a dissolução da goethita e lixiviação do Fe e As no perfil TPA.