Fisheries statistical bulletin, Kainji Lake, northern Nigeria, 1997

The bulletin presents summary tables and charts on levels of fishing activity, fishing effort, yields and economic values of yields for the fisheries of Kainji Lake, Nigeria for the year 1997. Frame survey data and fishing gear measurements are also included. (PDF contains 34 pages)

The effect of long term exploitation by the gill net fishery on the multispecies fish stocks in Kainji Lake, Nigeria, 1969-1997

The findings are presented of an assessment made of the gillnet fishery in Kainji Lake, Nigeria from 1969 to the present, on the basis of data sets from commercial and experimental gillnet fishing, with the purpose to detect trends in some key fishery monitoring indicators. During this period, there has been an increase in the number of small meshed nets in the fishery resulting in a shift in the mode to lower mesh sizes; consequently, the average mesh size declined gradually in the fishery. This trend is found to be directly correlated with the decline in the CPUE and mean weight of the fish species. It is argued that the observed trend in CPUE and mean weight is forcing the fishermen to switch effort to gears such as traps which have very small meshes and can indescriminately take all sizes of the fish. It is shown that the catch composition by weight of Citharinus citharus, Lates niloticus and tilapias declined in the gillnet fishery in the late 70's and early 80's. Recent data, from 1994 to 1996, however indicates that C. citharus is recovering, but with declining mean weight. This suggests that the exploitation pattern is shifting to the smaller fish through the use of small meshed nets. In general, however, there has not been drastic changes in species bio-diversity in the Lake as a result of predatory effect and ecosystem overfishing as has happened in other great African Lakes. The species composition since lake formation continued to be dominated by fewer that 20 species. The potential yield for the lake has been estimated to be 32,166 tonnes (excluding clupeids) and the required optimum fishing effort to be 1,814 fishing canoes. In view of the relative stability of the species diversity in the lake and the current fish production level, it is proposed here that this MSY be adopted for all species. This would be achieved with the current effort level in the lake assuming that the efficiency of the fishermen and their gears do not improve. It should be reviewed after 10 or more years of catch and effort data collection. (PDF contains 65 pages)

The cast net fishery, Kainji Lake, Nigeria 1970-1997

This study was carried out to establish trends in the cast net fishery of Kainji Lake, Nigeria. The cast net fishery was second in importance to the gillnet fishery in the early years after impoundment of the lake and still continues to be an important component of the fishery. Some of the economically important species such as Citharinus spp, Tilapia spp, Labeo spp, Alestes spp and Synodontis spp are exploited by cast nets. The study has not revealed any drastic perturbation in the species diversity, catch composition, and any real ecosystem overfishing. On the other hand, both the catfish, Auchenoglanis spp and the predator Hydrocynus spp appear to have increased in the catch in recent years. Never-the-less there is a decline in the mean weight of the major exploited fish species due to the capture of under sized fishes without allowing them to grow to 'legally' marketable sizes. The use of small meshed cast net and also fishing in the shallow waters of the lake can give rise to this situation. Thus, there are signs of growth overfishing in the fish stocks. It must also be acknowledged that the situation is complicated by the fact that in a multi-gear fishery as on Kainji Lake, the cast net fishery could not be managed in isolation without due regard to the other competing gears. The catch per unit of effort (CPUE) has declined in the cast net fishery possibly due to the increase in effort by the major fishing gears over the years. The ongoing extension campaigns by the KLFPP appears to be having the desired effect, as there was reduction in the number of the major fishing gears on the Lake in 1997. It can be anticipated that if this trend continues, the CPUE will recover in the long run. Yields observed from the mesh selectivity study revealed that for major species in the cast net fishery, both by number and weight, were maximal at 2.5 inch mesh, which contrasts with the fact that current minimum allowable mesh in the Fisheries Edict for the Lake is 2.0 inch. The adoption of 2.5 inch as the minimum allowable mesh in the cast net fishery is recommended to be included in future revision of existing regulations. It is also recommended that for this control to have a desired effect, the casting of the net from the shore should be prohibited so as to reduce the incidence of juvenile mortality in the nursery areas. (PDF contains 28 pages)

Der Internationale Rat für Meeresforschung (ICES) empfiehlt Fangmengen für 1997

Based on the report of the most recent meeting of the ICES Advisory Committee on Fishery Management (ACFM), May 1996, brief uptodate information is given on the status of the fish stocks utilized by the German fleet and the relevant advice on TAC's to be fished in 1997.

Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em adolescentes das regiões Nordeste e Sudeste do Brasil, 1996-1997

A questão nutricional tem sido objeto de interesse da saúde pública, não só em nosso país, como também em outros, independentemente dos diferentes níveis de desenvolvimento. O sobrepeso e a obesidade são considerados agravos nutricionais importantes, cuja frequência vem aumentando entre adolescentes, acarretando consequências negativas, imediatas ou futuras, para a saúde. Este estudo pretende descrever a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em adolescentes, segundo o sexo, nas regiões Nordeste e Sudeste do Brasil, e investigar a sua reação com fatores socioeconômicos e com a prática de atividade física. A investigação tem como base os dados da Pesquisa sobre Padrões de Vida (PPV) do IBGE, realizada entre março de 1995 e março de 1997, nas duas regiões. Dadas as peculiaridades de crescimento e desenvolvimento durante essa fase da vida, somados a ausência de dados sobre maturação sexual, optou-se por incluir os dados de adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos de idade. A amostra contou com os dados de 1027 adolescentes da Região Nordeste e 854 da Região Sudeste com amplo predomínio numérico nas áreas urbanas em ambas regiões.O termo sobrepeso/obesidade foi utilizada para caracterizar os adolescentes que se encontravam com valores de índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) iguais ou acima do percentil 85, de acordo com o sexo e a idade, da distribuição de IMC da população norte americana (WHO, 1995). A análise estatística considerou os fatores de expansão e o desenho da amostra. A prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade foi de 8,45% IC 95% 6,51-10,90) na Região Nordeste, contra 11,53% (IC 95% 8,90- 14,81) na Região Sudeste. No Nordeste, observou-se maior risco de sobrepeso/obesidade para adolescentes do sexo feminino (razão de prevalência: RP meninas/meninos=3,00; IC 95% 1,73-5,22), situação que se manteve entre os residentes da área urbana (RPr3,21; IC 95% 1,72-5,99) e os da área rural (RP=2,27; IC 95% 0,68-7,60). Na Região Sudeste, o risco de sobrepeso/obesidade foi maior entre os meninos (RP meninas/meninos=0,58; IC 95% 0,37-0,92). Ao se estratificarem os dados por situação de moradia, os residentes da área urbana desta região mantiveram essa diminuição entre meninas (RPO,51; IC 95% 0,31-0,85), porém na área rural houve aumento de risco entre as meninas (RP=1 86; IC 95% 0,83-4,16). A renda per capita domiciliar mensal só associou ao risco de sobrepeso/obesidade, em ambas as regiões, apenas entre as meninos de maior renda per capita domiciliar mensal, quando comparados aos de renda inferior (Região Nordeste: OR bruto=9,64; IC 95% 3,17-29,35 e CR ajustado=10,13; IC 95% 2,83-36,27 e, na Região Sudeste: OR bruto13; IC 95% 1,50-17,48 e OR ajustado=8,70; IC 95% 1,17-32,34). Embora tenha sido observada grande frequência de sedentarismo entre as meninas, a realização de atividade física não se associou a prevalência do sobrepeso/obesidade em nenhuma das regiões estudadas. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de medidas do controle dessas condições, visando a prevenção de doenças crônicas, bem como da condução de estudos que aprofundem as questões associadas ao risco de sobrepeso/obesidade entre os adolescentes de diferentes regiões do país.

Report of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission for the year 1997

ENGLISH: The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC) operates under the authority and direction of a convention originally entered into by Costa Rica and the United States. The convention, which came into force in 1950, is open to adherence by other governments whose nationals fish for tropical tunas and tuna-like species in the eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO). Under this provision Panama adhered in 1953, Ecuador in 1961, Mexico in 1964, Canada in 1968, Japan in 1970, France and Nicaragua in 1973, Vanuatu in 1990, Venezuela in 1992, and EI Salvador in 1997. Mexico withdrew from the IATTC in 1978 and Canada in 1984. The 58th meeting of the IATTC was held in San Jose, Costa Rica, on June 3-4, 1997. SPANISH: La Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical (CIAT) funciona bajo la autoridad y dirección de un convenio suscrito originalmente por Costa Rica y los Estados Unidos de América. El convenio, vigente desde 1950, está abierto ala afiliación de cualquier país cuyos ciudadanos pesquen atunes tropicales y especies afines en el Océano Pacifico oriental (OPO). Bajo esta estipulación, la República de Panamá seafilió en 1953, Ecuador en 1961, México en 1964, Canadá en 1968, Japón en 1970, Francia y Nicaragua en 1973, Vanuatu en 1990, Venezuela en 1992, y El Salvador en 1997. México se retiro de la CIAT en 1978, y Canadá en 1984. La CIAT celebró su 58' reunión en San Jose de Costa Rica el 3 y 4 de junio de 1997. (PDF contains 310 pages.)

Front pages with contents of No. 56 and 57, 1997, Spanish version

Front cover. Contents.

Back pages of No. 56 and 57, 1997

Back cover.

Front pages with contents of No. 58, 1997

Front cover. Contents.

Back pages of No. 58, 1997

Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands. Map.

A review of the Japanese longline fishery for tunas and billfishes in the eastern Pacific Ocean, 1993-1997

English: This report reviews the Japanese longline fishery in the eastern Pacific Ocean during the 1993-1997 period, extending the studies for the 1956-1992 period made by other investigators. The spatial and temporal distributions of fishing effort, catch, apparent abundance, sexual maturity, and size composition are examined for the principal species of tunas and billfishes taken by that fishery. Some information on the catches of sharks by the Japanese longline fishery is given. The interactions between the surface and longline fisheries are discussed. Spanish: En este informe se presenta un análisis de la actividad pesquera de buques palangreros japoneses en el Océano Pacífico oriental durante el período de 1993-1997, extendiendo los estudios del período de 1956-1992 realizados por otros investigadores. Se examinan las distribuciones espacial y temporal del esfuerzo de pesca, la captura, la abundancia aparente, la madurez sexual, y la composición por talla de las principales especies de atunes y picudos capturadas por dicha pesquería. Se presenta cierta información sobre las capturas de tiburones por la pesquería palangrera japonesa. Se describen las interacciones entre las pesquerías de superficie y palangrera.